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EN
In the Anchor Bible Dictionary we can read, that: "The Roman imperial cult may be defined as the offering of divine honors to a living or dead emperor". There are some features of this phenomenon in the New Testament and contemporary Greco-Roman literature. Two of them are specific for present study. There are: Jewish tax and three significant imperial titles, such as: "Savior of the world", "Lord" and "Lord and God". In the fourth Gospel Jesus is addressed by the titles that were appropriated by one or more of the Roman emperors who reigned at the end of the first century. The presence of the titles in John's Gospel means that John knew of these honorifics in their Roman setting and the claim associated with them.
EN
Did Florensky bring something new to the field of philosophy of culture? His merit lies primarily in his intentional use of the concept of ὁµοουσία, oneness-in-substance, in both metaphysics and cosmology. Florensky wrapped his philosophical and cosmolo-gical visions into "a religious garment" and theological terminology and attempted, in his unique approach, to solve the problem of "universal unity", "all-human consciousness", especially "all-human principles", questions which had engaged numerous Slavophilia philosophers earlier. His philosophy of culture is not about despising the world, but about the bright and loving adoption of life which enriches man, if he rises to a higher level of existence and desires to unite with the "other" invisible world. According to Florensky, all philosophical systems can be classified into two groups. They either acknowledge ὁµοουσία, the oneness-in-substance, or restrict themselves to ὁµοιουσία, the similarity-in-substance. Only a philosophy that recognises the oneness-in-substance is, according to Florensky, the philosophy of true culture, that is, the philosophy of "ideas and the true intellect, the philosophy of person and true self-realization".
EN
This study challenges the popular assumption that the prophetic understanding of the role of cult in the religion of Ancient Israel was essentially different from the Priestly source. First, it re­‑evaluates and outlines the role of certain basic cultic concepts (namely sacrifice, impurity and holiness) from the Priestly source, and then applies them to the text of Isa 1, especially to the so­‑called cult­‑critical v. 10–17. No serious discrepancy emerges; in fact, reading Isa 1 through the lenses of the Priestly source seems to be more intelligible. Therefore, to label this text as cult­‑critical is simply wrong. The currently in vogue dialectic negation approach to this and similar texts (emphasizing ethics over cult) is also misleading. Judging by Isa 1, the prophet understood cult essentially just like the priests. He was well aware of the grave danger when mixing it with impurity caused by sinful behaviour. His passionate cry for ethics and overall purity resulted from this concept of cult and from his desire to maintain the presence of the Holy One of Israel in her midst.
4
Content available remote Mustafa Kemal Atatürk i jego współczesny wizerunek w społeczeństwie tureckim
63%
|
2011
|
tom 55
|
nr 1-2
227-248
EN
The picture of contemporary Turkey is the result of a complex process of change, which cannot be painted without getting deeper into the history of this country. There are important stages for the evolution of the Turkish politics in the history of the Ottoman Empire like laying the foundations of the present Republic (the first attempt is the Tanzimat Reforms to decrease the gap between the Empire and the Western countries), and the Young Turk Movement activities, Thanks to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who played a major role in the road to freedom and modernization of the country, today we can speak about the Republic of Turkey. Separating the state from religion, Atatürk created a new secular country, cut off in this way from the current output of the Ottoman Empire. The ideas of Kemalism, implemented in the life of the Turkish society through reforms which contributed to the creation of a new nation and the significant development of the country in many areas. With the reformist activities of Mustafa Kemal, Turkey has become a modern country gaining a lot on the international area. Therefore, this situation has made Turkey try to join the European Union. Hence in Turkey there is an understandable respect and glorification for Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, widely recognized as the great leader and national hero. As quoted in the article, parts of interviews have indicated that Atatürk is still well-known, highly appreciated and alive in the minds of the Turks. Turkish people are proud of him and they are well aware of the importance of his reforms for the fate of the country, often looking at his figure uncritically.
EN
Sts. Cyril and Methodius, the Apostles of the Slavs, for many centuries have been in the interest of the whole Christian world. This article is an attempt of presenting the vital connection between Christian faith, liturgical cult, and culture on the basis of the Byzantine mission addressed to the Slavs, which was led in the second half of 9th century. Starting from the comparison of the missionary methods used by the Christian East and West in the Middle Ages, then we will turn our attention to Sts. Cyril’s and Methodius’ unique contribution to the proclamation of Christ among the Slavs. In this missionary work, of the great importance was the creation of a new alphabet, and the use of the Slavic language in the proclamation of the Good News, as well as translations of the Bible and liturgical books into Slavonic. The rootedness in the Byzantine liturgical tradition, and drawing from the treasury of the Eastern Roman Empire contributed in a creative and very original way to the formation of the native Slavic culture. In the final part of article there is posed the problem of the effective proclamation of the Good News in the contemporary world in relation to the Cyrillo-Methodian model of mission.
EN
The works of Polish archaeologists in Sudan, ongoing since "The Nubian Campaign" (1961-1964), constantly enrich our knowledge about Christian Nubia. New research not only forces us to correct our knowledge on Nubia, but also to take a fresh look at Mediaeval Christianity. An interesting thread of Nubian angelology is the evidence of seven archangels’ cult confirmed in inscriptions as well as in painting and architecture. In the case of Nubia, we do not have extensive descriptions of the development of the archangels’ worship and our knowledge is based on the combination of individual data, which, when collected, may form a complete picture. The purpose of this paper is to gather these single tesserae and show that the worship of archangels was developing in Nubia and that there was a certain permanent set of the archangelic names.
PL
Prace polskich archeologów w Sudanie, trwające od tzw. „Kampanii Nubijskiej” (1961-1964), stale wzbogacają wiedzę o chrześcijańskiej Nubii. Nowe badania nie tylko zmuszają do korygowania wiedzy na temat Nubii, ale także do świeżego spojrzenia na średniowieczne chrześcijaństwo. Ciekawym wątkiem nubijskiej angelologii są świadectwa kultu siedmiu archaniołów potwierdzone w inskrypcjach, a także w malarstwie i architekturze. W przypadku Nubii nie zachowały się obszerne opisy rozwoju kultu archaniołów i wiedza opiera się na łączeniu pojedynczych informacji, które po zebraniu tworzą pełny obraz. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zebranie tych informacji i pokazanie, iż kult archaniołów rozwijał się w Nubii i istniał pewien stały skład imion tych archaniołów. 
EN
The cult of the saints had its beginning in the Christian ancient times. Since then it was transformed in its own celebrations in honour of All the Saints. The official liturgy of the feast-day of Omnium Sanctorum (All Saints) was stabilized in close relation to the development of collective worship of the saints in the West.  The historical liturgical witnesses from the Middle Ages and of the Trident Council time demonstrate a progressive and very natural process of establishment the missal texts of this liturgical celebration. The form of some liturgical directions in the current Missale Romanum (Latin Missal), unchanged for ages, confirms the continuity and constancy of this celebration in the history of Catholic Church. These missal directions explicitly show the same idea of celebration and timeless meaning of the All Saints Solemnity.
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