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Beyond Media Education: Assessing News Media Literacy in Media Students of Public and Private Universities in Pakistan

100%

Ikram M. , Hameedur Rahman B.

nr 1

70-90

Infiltration of mass media has increased the exigency of tools necessary for countering the hazardous effects of mass media. Media literacy is considered a tool essential in the 21st century for a democratic society that aims to empower the audience and provides autonomy over mass media messages. Media education plays a significant role in educating media students about theoretical and practical knowledge about media industries. The researcher has employed the “Cognitive Model of Media Literacy” proposed by Potter (2004) and seven skills of media literacy suggested by Potter (2019), particularly as related to news content. News media is supposed to be highly objective, but highlighting some news while neglecting others raises questions about the objectivity of news media. The study intends to explore the standard of media education in Pakistan in imparting news media literacy among media students enrolled in BS and Master’s degree programs. To analyze the level of theoretical and practical knowledge of media students regarding news media and their level of news literacy skills, the researcher has collected data using a cross-sectional survey of 300 students (N=300) enrolled in two public and two private universities in Pakistan, including 200 media students and 100 non-media students. Moreover, through content analysis of the curriculum of media studies mentioned in the prospectus of BS and Master’s degree programs, the standard of media education in Pakistan is also assessed. The study’s findings suggest that media students are more news media literate than non-media students, highlighting the significance of media education. Similarly, consciously and excessively consuming news media also positively affects the level of news media literacy in media students. Moreover, this study suggests that while performing information processing tasks, media students are equipped with skills to perform the task of news filtering comparatively better than meaning construction tasks. However, content analysis of the curriculum reveals that the majority of the courses related to news content focus on theoretical and practical knowledge while neglecting the significance of incorporating analytical courses crucial to harness critical thinking skills. The findings elucidate that universities offering analytical courses in their BS and Master levels scored higher in their news media literacy than those not offering analytical courses. Therefore, the study suggests the incorporation of analytical courses at BS and Master level media education curricula to develop essential skills for performing meaning construction tasks effectively.

Theory and Practice of Visual Thinking Strategies in Upper secondary education

80%

Bachmann C.

nr 1(67)

105-123

Reprezentacje wizualne są wszechobecne we współczesnych mediach i życiu kulturalnym. W naszym zglobalizowanym świecie stanowią one ważne źródło informacji, a zarazem potężne narzędzie manipulacji. Obrazy kształtują naszą percepcję, nasze poglądy i spostrzeżenia. Strategie myślenia wizualnego (Visual Thinking Strategies, VTS) to koncepcja dydaktyczno-metodyczna, która promuje wizualne, poznawcze i społeczne kompetencje uczniów poprzez wspólne oglądanie dzieł sztuki dostosowanych do wieku. Celem badań własnych jest określenie możliwych skutków stosowania VTS w pracy edukacyjnej z 16-letnimi uczniami szkoły ponadgimnazjalnej (szkoła ponadgimnazjalna w Austrii) ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem odniesienia do rozwoju krytycznego myślenia, dynamiki uczestnictwa i procesów interakcji. Dane z pisemnych testów wstępnych i końcowych oraz nagrań wideo zostały przeanalizowane ilościowo w oparciu o kategoryzację dedukcyjną umiejętności krytycznego myślenia oraz kategoryzację indukcyjną z zastosowaniem kodowania otwartego. Kluczowym wnioskiem z tego projektu jest to, że VTS ma wpływ na umiejętności krytycznego myślenia uczniów szkół ponadgimnazjalnych. Co więcej, dyskusja w grupie rówieśniczej, która jest prowadzona przez facylitatora VTS, ma pozytywny wpływ na biorących w niej udział uczniów o „słabych” i „wysokich” wynikach.

Visual representations are omnipresent in modern media and cultural life. In our globalized world, they represent important sources of information and, at the same time, powerful tools for manipulation. Images shape our perception, our views and our insights. Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) is a didactic-methodological concept that promotes visual, cognitive and social competencies of learners by viewing age-appropriate pieces of art together. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible effects of VTS on 16-year-old students (Upper secondary education in Austria) with specific regard to the development of critical thinking, participatory dynamics and interaction processes. Data from the written pre- and post-tests and videography were quantified and analyzed based on the deductive categorization of Critical Thinking Skills and on inductive categorization via open coding. A key finding of this project is that VTS has an impact on the critical-argumentative thinking skills of students in Upper secondary education. Moreover, the peer group’s discussion, which is led by a VTS facilitator, has a positive effect on the participation of "low-performing" and "high-performing" students.