A new method is proposed to calculate temperature, conductive and radiative heat flux distributions in a medium that is exposed to radiation. The medium is emitting, absorbing and anisotropically scattering the radiation. The method is based on the simulaneous solving (with the finite element method) of two non-linear and mutually conjugated equations describing distribution of temperature and the so-called radiation function in the medium. The latter function, in the case of isotropic scattering, is proportional to the local energy density of the radiation. An example of application of the method to heat transfer processes occurring in the layer of high-temperature lightweight thermal insulation is given.
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