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Antioxidant, antibacterial properties and the light barrier assessment of raw and purified melanins isolated from Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) seeds

100%

Lopusiewicz L.

nr 2

The nutritive value and terapeuthic activity of watermelon seeds is known, but up to day no studies on isolation and characterisation of their melanin were conducted. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and light barrier properties of raw and purified melanins isolated from watermelon seeds. Native melanin was isolated from seeds by alkaline extraction. Obtained pigment was purified by acid hydrolysis. Chemical tests and FT-IR analysis were conducted to determine the melanin nature of the isolated pigments. UV-Vis, transmittance and colour properties were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was determined using ABTS and antibacterial activity through a well diffusion method. The results of the study demonstrated that melanins isolated from watermelon seeds had antioxidant, light barrier and antibacterial properties. A purified form of melanin had higher antioxidant activity and light barrier properties than the raw form. Both melanins inhibited the growth of Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Watermelon seeds may be considered as a promising source of natural melanin which possess remarkable therapeutic action that can support the traditional use of this plant in the ethnomedicine.

Wartość odżywcza i terapeutyczna nasion arbuza jest znana, ale dotychczas brak jest badań na temat izolacji i charakterystyki ich melanin.Celem pracy było określenie właściwości antyoksydacyjnych, antybakteryjnych i barierowych względem światła natywnych i oczyszczonych melanin z nasion arbuza. Natywna melanina została wyizolowana z nasion w środowisku zasadowym. Otrzymany pigment został oczyszczony w wyniku hydrolizy kwasowej. Przeprowadzono testy chemiczne oraz analizę FT-IR aby określić charakter otrzymanych barwników. Widma UV-Vis, transmitancję oraz kolor oznaczono spektrofotometrycznie. Właściwości antyoksydacyjne określono za pomocą ABTS a właściwości przeciwbakteryjne metodą dyfuzyjną-studzienkową. Wyniki niniejszej pracy wskazują na to, że melaniny pozyskane z nasion arbuza charakteryzują się właściwościami antyoksydacyjnymi, barierowymi względem światła i przeciwbakteryjnymi. Oczyszczona melanina miała wyższe niż forma natywna właściwości przeciwutleniające i barierowe względem światła. Obie melaniny hamowały wzrost Enterococcus faecalis i Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nasiona arbuza mogą stanowić obiecujące źródło naturalnej melaniny, która dzięki swoim właściwościom może stanowić uzupełnienie tradycyjnego zastosowania tej rośliny w etnomedycynie.

Comparative Nutritional Composition of Selected Medicinal Fruit Seeds

100%

Awotedu O. L. , Ogunbamowo P. O. , Awotedu B. F. , Ariwoola O. S.

nr 3

298-310

Fruits producing medicinal plants are particularly desirable, the seeds produced are considered as waste after the fruits are consumed. This study assessed the nutritional constituents of some fruits seeds by assessing the proximate, minerals and vitamins present in the seeds of Citrullus lanatus (Water melon), Malus pumila (Apple), Annona muricata (Sour sap), Persea americana (Avocado), Terminalia catappa (Almond fruit), and Carica papaya (Pawpaw). The proximate analysis, mineral and vitamin composition of the selected medicinal fruit seeds were investigated using the standard method of analysis. On the proximate composition, protein content ranged from 15.21-34.70%, crude fat: 13.82-33.15%, crude fibre: 6.96-21.71%, ash content: 2.62-5.90%, moisture content: 7.81-20.72% and carbohydrate: 12.19-26.58%; for mineral content, Sodium ranged from 26.2-832 mg/kg, Potassium: 571-4862 mg/kg, Calcium: 194-2070 mg/kg, Magnesium: 28-862 mg/kg, Phosphorus: 104-1070 mg/kg, Iron: 2.53-60.00 mg/kg, Manganese: 2.73-240 mg/kg, Copper: 1.64-73.00 mg/kg and Zinc: 3.42-84.00 mg/kg, while for vitamins, vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) content ranged from 1.26-23.54 mg/100g, vitamin E content ranged from 0.70-1.57 mg/100g; vitamin A (β-carotene) content ranged from not detected-5.61 mg/100g, while vitamin B content ranged from 0.02 mg/100g-2.67 mg/100g. The fruits’ seeds show a considerable amount of vital nutritional chemicals which makes them as good as the fruits and could serve as nutraceutical remedy.

Egusi melon-okra intercrop: yield effects as influenced by the interaction of time of introducing okra x cropping systems at Makurdi, Nigeria

80%

Ijoyah M. O. , Fanen F. T. , Egbe M. O.

2015

tom 38

A field experiment was conducted from August to November, during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons at the Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to evaluate the yield effects of egusi melon-okra intercrop as influenced by the interaction of time of introducing okra x cropping systems, and to assess the yield advantages of the intercropping system. The experiment was a 3x3 split plot arrangement of treatments, fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated four times. The cropping systems (sole egusi melon, sole okra and egusi melon-okra mixture) constituted the main plots, while the time of introducing okra (mid August, late August and early September) into egusi melon were allocated to the subplots. Results of study showed that to obtain optimal intercrop yield of okra in an egusi melon-okra intercrop, it is appropriate planting okra at the same time with egusi melon in mid August, while introducing okra into egusi melon in late August is appropriate to obtain optimal intercrop yield of egusi melon. Intercropping egusi melon and okra significantly (P≤0.05) reduced yields of egusi melon (37.5 % and 40.5 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013) and that of okra (9.7 % and 16.9 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013). The highest mean land equivalent ratio value of 1.57 and highest land equivalent coefficient values of 0.53 and 0.70 were respectively recorded, in years 2012 and 2013, for okra introduced into egusi melon in early September. These recommendations are appropriate for Makurdi location, Nigeria.