Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Dziecko i jego świat(y). O filmach Macieja Adamka.

100%

Zwierzchowski P. , Zwierzchowska A.

Kwartalnik Filmowy

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2013

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nr 81

211-220

PL

Filmy Macieja Adamka: "Konkurs" (2002), "Życie przed Tobą" (2003), "Jestem" (2004) oraz "Gry i zabawy dziecięce" (2010) są bardzo wnikliwymi portretami dziecka i dzieciństwa nakręconymi bez poczucia dominacji dorosłego, angażującymi emocjonalnie, a jednocześnie stanowiącymi znakomity punkt wyjścia do refleksji nad społecznym światem dziecka. Adamek zmusza widza do skonfrontowania się z kulturowymi wyobrażeniami dzieciństwa jako okresu szczęścia i beztroski. W filmach tych znajdziemy też refleksję na temat przemian społecznych ideologii w odniesieniu do dziecka i jego potrzeb rozwojowych oraz konsumenckich, jak również potwierdzenie tezy, że dzieciństwo jest zjawiskiem społecznie konstruowanym.

EN

Films by Maciej Adamek such as: 'The Competition' (2002), 'Life to Live' (2003), 'I Am Here' (2004) and 'Kids Play' (2010) are very insightful portraits of children and childhood, made without a feel ing of an adult’s domination over the film. They are emotionally engaging, and at the same time, they offer an excellent starting point for reflection on the social world of children. Adamek forces the viewer to confront the cultural concept of childhood as a period full of happiness and innocence. In these films there is also a reflection on the social changes of ideologies related to children, their development and consumer needs, and a confirmation of the thesis that childhood is a socially constructed phenomenon.

2

Dziecięca kinofilia

100%

Koschany R.

Kwartalnik Filmowy

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2013

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nr 81

39-51

PL

W artykule pojęcie i zjawisko kinofilii jest pretekstem do przyjęcia szczególnej perspektywy, a mianowicie założenia, że dziecko oglądające filmy także wykazuje się swego rodzaju miłością do kina. Koschany szuka przykładów we wspomnieniach reżyserów oraz ich autotematycznej i autobiograficznej twórczości, gdzie dziecko okazuje się wyjątkowym odbiorcą filmu – identyfikującym się z obrazem, wierzącym w przedstawioną rzeczywistość, nieuprzedzonym intelektualnie. Pojawiający się w omawianych filmach sentymentalizm (na przykład w "Kinie Paradiso") świadczy o tęsknocie dorosłego widza do takiego pierwotnego, czystego, niemalże cielesnego kontaktu ze sztuką.

EN

In this paper the concept and phenomenon of cinephilia is a pretext for adopting a particular perspective, namely the assumption that a child watching films also manifests a kind of love for the cinema. Koschany looks for examples in directors’ memoirs and in their self-reflexive, autobiographical work, in which the child turns out to be an exceptional viewer of the film – one that fully identifies itself with the image, wholeheartedly believes in the presented reality, and is totally unprejudiced intellectually. The sentimentality appearing in such films (for example in 'Nuovo cinema Paradiso') speaks of an adult viewer’s longing for such original and pure, and almost bodily contact with the art.

3

Surgical treatment of gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors (GANT) in children-2 case reports

80%

Marjanovic Z. , Slavkovic A. , Krstic M. , Djodjevic I. , Dimov D.

Open Medicine

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2011

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tom 6

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nr 4

395-399

EN

Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors form an uncommon subcategory of stromal tumors of the intestinal tract although their histologic appearance is similar to other gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Our aim was to evaluate our experience in the diagnosis and therapy of these kinds of tumors. Two patients were admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Clinic in Niš with abdominal pain and a palpable mass in the abdomen. After excision, the tumor tissue was sampled, sent for histopathological diagnosis, and examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Postoperatively, both patients recovered without complications. The patient with the tumor bulk in the mesentery of the small bowel had no evidence of tumor progression 6 years after surgery. In the second case, a giant tumor was present along the greater curvature of gaster. Even with a tumor of this size, there were no signs of progression 10 years after surgery. Radical surgical resection of gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors seems to be the curative approach to date, and long-term survival is possible even with large tumors.

4

Predictive values of metabolic syndrome in children

80%

Vorgučin I. , Naumović N. , Vlaški J. , Katanić D. , Konstantinidis G.

Open Medicine

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2011

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tom 6

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nr 4

379-385

EN

Metabolic syndrome is a clinical term encompassing risk factors (obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension), which yield an increased risk for the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular disorders in adolescence. Two sets of criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome were applied, the criteria for adults, specifically adapted for children, and the criteria defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). A reliability analysis was conducted; sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of applying certain criteria of both definitions of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome in adolescents was diagnosed much more frequently using the specific criteria (41%) in comparison to the IDF criteria (22%). Using the specific criteria for children and adolescents, it was established that the HDL cholesterol was the most specific and had the largest PPV. Using the IDF criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome, the reliability analysis established that the highest PPV was recorded with the elevated level of triglycerides. The specific criteria have been found to be more efficient in diagnosing metabolic syndrome in adolescents. The highest predictive value was displayed by dyslipidemic disorders, hypertriglyceridemia and hypo HDL cholesterolemia.

5

Submental epidermoid cysts in children

80%

Zielinski R. , Zakrzewska A.

Open Medicine

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2014

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tom 10

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nr 1

EN

Epidermoid cysts are lesions, which form as a result of implantation of the epidermis in the layers of the dermis or the mucous membrane. The lesions are rare in adults with 7% occurring in the head and neck area and most often located in the submental region. In children population submental epidermoid cysts are extremely rare. The differential diagnosis of the lesions is necessary as it affects the choice of treatment methods. Among the pathological conditions occurring in that region, salivary retention cyst (ranula), thyroglossal duct cyst, vascular lymphatic malformation (cystic hygroma), median neck cyst, lymphadenopathy, thyroid gland tumor, laryngeal cyst, epidermoid and dermoid cysts, submental abscess, sialolithiasis and salivary gland inflammation should be considered. The authors of the present report demonstrate two cases of submental epidermoid cysts in children. Differential diagnosis in case of suspected submental epidermoid cyst in a child with proposed clinical practice and literature review is provided.

6

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza - real threat or unjustified panic? The experience of one pediatric hematology-oncology center

80%

Irga N. , Osak M. , Jaworski R. , Bronk M. , Kosiak W. , Adamkiewicz-Drozynska E.

Open Medicine

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2012

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tom 7

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nr 3

296-301

7

Vaccination in children with cancer: a debate

80%

Battista A. , Ruggiero A. , Coccia P. , Arena R. , Attinà G. , Riccardi R.

Open Medicine

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2012

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tom 7

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nr 2

137-141

EN

Children with malignancy present an important alteration of the immune system functionality caused by the illness itself and by the therapy they undergo. Therefore, they are at high risk of contracting vaccine-preventable diseases and of developing important complications. Vaccinations represent valid devices against these infections but this condition involves two main problems: are vaccines safe in these patients? Are vaccines effective in these patients? The aim of this review is to discuss the principles of vaccination management in children with cancer.

8

The Neurofibromatosis type 1:A dominantly inherited tumors-predisposing disorder

80%

Scalzone M. , Coccia P. , Ruggiero A. , Lazzareschi I. , Mastrangelo S. , Riccardi R.

Open Medicine

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2009

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tom 4

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nr 1

11-16

EN

Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a hereditary multisystem disease involving the skin and nervous system. It is the most common form of autosomal dominant phakomatoses with 100% penetrance but wide phenotypic variability. The NF1 gene is located on chromosome 17q11.2 and encodes for a tumour suppressor protein. Because affected individuals have an increased risk of tumor formation, this disorder is classified as inherited cancer syndrome. The risk of malignancies in NF1 affected patients is estimated to be 5–15% higher than in the general population. We reviewed clinical aspects and genetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis in NF1 affected patients.

9

Probiotic E.faecalis - adjuvant therapy in children with recurrent rhinosinusitis

80%

Kitz R. , Martens U. , Zieseniß E. , Enck P. , Rose M.

Open Medicine

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2012

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tom 7

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nr 3

362-365

EN

Sinusitis is a frequent complication of respiratory tract infections. Probiotics are perceived to be useful in infections, allergies, and inflammations. Our prospective trial stratified 204 children with recurrent rhinosinusitis by age (2–11 years, 54m:64f; 12–18 years, 39m:47f) and assigned them to standard treatment (antibiotics, anticongestants) or additional 60 days Symbioflor-1 (SF1; Enterococcus faecalis 1.5–4.5x107 CFU). The number of sinusitis episodes was lower in SF1-treated patients (2.52±0.91) than among controls (3.27±1.36; p=0.01). Mean duration of the first sinusitis episode was 11.9±8.6 days with SF1, whereas it was 16.1±12.9 days in the younger controls (p=0.023) and 9.86±5.05 days in the elder controls (n.s.). Duration of subsequent sinusitis episodes was also shorter in SF1 patients (15.2±13.6 days) compared with controls (22.7±14.8 days; p=0.030). No adverse events were observed. Probiotic Enterococcus faecalis adjuvant to conventional therapy can reduce the number and duration of rhinosinusitis episodes in children and adolescents.

10

Determination of risk factors associated with seizure relapse after antiepileptic drug withdrawal

80%

Vurucu S. , Saldir M. , Unay B. , Akin R.

Open Medicine

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2010

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tom 5

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nr 2

251-256

EN

There is no consensus regarding the time of antiepileptic drug withdrawal and the relevant risk factors for seizure relapse. In this study, we aimed to determine the seizure relapse rates and the associated risk factors for seizure relapse in childhood epilepsy. Two-hundred sixty-six epileptic patients who discontinued the antiepileptic drug therapy after a seizure-free period of at least two years, were enrolled into the study. The data of the patients regarding sex, febrile convulsion history, family history, age at onset, type of epilepsy, total number of seizures and antiepileptic drugs, seizures during treatment, mental status, first and last electroencephalography, brain imaging findings, etiological factors and seizure relapse in the first two years after antiepileptic drug withdrawal were obtained from the patients’ files. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed for each variable. The variables which were found to be statistically significant in univariate analysis, were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis. The overall seizure relapse rate after antiepileptic drug withdrawal was 19.2%. There were no significant differences for seizure relapse rate after antiepileptic drug withdrawal between patient groups with respect to sex, family history, type of epilepsy, febrile convulsion history, seizures before treatment, first electroencephalography findings, brain imaging findings and etiology. However, there were statistically significant differences for seizure relapse rate among patient groups concerning age at onset of epilepsy, new seizure during treatment, the total number of antiepileptic drugs, mental status, and last electroencephalography findings. We imply that the clinical status of the patients should be considered before the cessation of drug therapy rather than the etiological factors or laboratory findings.

11

Major salivary gland tumors in children - diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties

80%

Zielinski R. , Zakrzewska A.

Open Medicine

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2012

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tom 7

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nr 5

624-627

EN

Major salivary gland tumors are very rare in the developmental period. Confirming tumor changes of the salivary gland requires precise diagnostic imaging involving an ultrasonography scan, computed tomography and magnetic resonance. A needle aspiration biopsy (NAB) of a tumor is of high importance. Excision of the tumor is the main treatment method in the case of parotid gland tumors. Statistical data concerning tumors suggest choosing less invasive methods, which seems very logical in children. The operational methods used in the tumor treatment are: extracapsular excision of a tumor, partial parotidectomy, total parotidectomy, sometimes proceeded with lymphatic nodes operations. Extracapsular excision of a tumor is a noninvasive method chosen because of simplicity and lesser risk of serious complications. This method is reserved only for the cases of benign tumors of the gland. Most authors, however, consider a partial parotidectomy as a method of choice in benign tumor cases and a total parotidectomy in cases of carcinomas of the parotid gland. Submandibular gland tumors need total gland excision. The clinical cases presented in this paper show the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment choices in cases of major salivary gland tumors in children.

12

Prevalence of faulty posture in children and youth from a rural region in Iran

80%

Gh M. E. , Alilou A. , Ghafurinia S. , Fereydounnia S.

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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2012

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tom 4

121-126

EN

Study aim: To assess the presence of musculoskeletal deformities in lower extremities and to detect faulty posture in schoolchildren living in a rural region of Iran. Material and methods: 172 schoolchildren aged 5-20 years, including 66 boys and 106 girls were screened deviations in the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, the postural muscles including the hamstring and gastroc-soleus were examined for finding any shortness. Results: The prevalence of cervical lordosis (22.6% vs. 6.1%), forward head posture (24.1% vs. 9.1%) and thoracic kyphosis (27.8 % vs. 7.6%) was significantly higher in girls than in boys. The prevalence of cervical lordosis, FHP, thoracic kyphosis, and genu varum increased with age; in the case of genu valgum, the situation was reversed. Genu varum was almost twice as frequent in girls as in boys (44.4% vs. 25.8%; p<0.01), while the genu valgum was more frequent (p<0.001) in boys than in girls (13.6 and 2.8, respectively). No significant age or gender-dependent differences were found for hamstring shortness (29%), gastroc-soleus shortness (21%), genu recurvatum (22%), and hallux valgus (31%). Conclusions: Faulty posture and lower limb deformities were highly prevalent in school children in this rural region. More attention should be paid to implementing school-based screening programs aimed at early detection of any musculoskeletal-related abnormalities and taking preventive steps to reduce their negative consequences.

13

Selected risk factors of fractures in children - own observation

80%

Jakubowska-Pietkiewicz E. , Fendler W. , Młynarski W. , Klich I. , Chlebna-Sokół D.

Open Medicine

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2012

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tom 7

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nr 5

635-641

EN

Bone fractures may depend on Vitamin D Receptor Gene (VDR), bone mineral density, bone turnover markers. Patients and methods. 161 patients were recruited and underwent: skeletal densitometry (DXA) method and bone turnover studies (Osteocalcin and Ntx).The study group was evaluated using restriction enzyme digestion at BsmI (rs1544410), FokI (rs2228570), ApaI (rs7975232) and TaqI (rs731236), polymorphic sites of the VDR gene. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factor significance. The model included variables with sex- and age-standardized parameters, VDR genotypes, and bone metabolism marker levels. Results. Factors associated with fractures were: osteocalcin concentration and Z-score BMDt. Odds Ratio (OR) values equaled: 1.01 (95%Confidence Interval (95%CI) 1.00–1.02) for osteocalcin (p=0.006), and 0.66 (95%CI 0.42-1.03; p=0.07) for Z-score BMDt. In patients with reduced bone mass, factors related to fractures were: osteocalcin (0.04) and carriage of BsmI b (0.07) or ApaI a alleles (0.08). ORs were 1.01 (95%CI 1.00–1.02) for OC, 0.29 (95%CI 0.07–1.14) for BsmI, and 2.13 (95%CI 0.91–4.99) for ApaI polymorphic allele carriage. Conclusions. Carriage of BsmI b allele reduces, while carriage of ApaI a allele and heightened osteoclacin level increase the risk of fractures in study children with reduced bone mass. VDR polymorphism, bone mineral density and bone formation’s marker - osteocalcin maybe considered as risk factor for fracure in children from Lodz region.

14

Increasing pupil physical activity: a comprehensive professional development effort

80%

Kulinna P.

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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2012

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tom 4

6-11

EN

Study aim: To determine if pupil physical activity and Body Mass Index classifications maintained or improved after a one-year professional development program involving both classroom and physical education teachers. Guskey's model of teacher change guided this study.Material and methods: Indigenous children from ten schools (N = 320) in grades 3-12 from one community participated in this year-long comprehensive school change effort. Classroom (n = 31) and physical education teachers (n = 7) participated in this study as intervention (n = 27) or comparison (n = 11) teachers. Intervention teachers participated in a year-long professional development program to increase physical activity and healthy behaviour knowledge of pupils.Results: ANOVA results for pupil physical activity (measured using pedometry) indicated that both groups of pupils (intervention and comparison) became significantly more active over time. The intervention groups' behaviour was less stable (α = 0.71) over time versus the comparison group (α = 0.86), suggesting positive behaviour changes. No significant Body Mass Index changes were found.Conclusions: Although the intervention resulted in physical activity increases for both intervention and comparison pupils at the schools, change takes time and these initial findings show progress in increasing physical activity behaviours at school in an understudied and disadvantaged population of indigenous USA youth.

15

Multifocal osteoma of external auditory canal in a child. A case report

80%

Zielinski R. , Zakrzewska A.

Open Medicine

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2013

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tom 8

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nr 1

96-98

EN

Osteomas of external auditory canal are most often unilateral, solitary, pedunculated hard tumors located on the anterior and superior wall of the structure in its distal part. They have to be distinguished from exostoses of external auditory meatus. Osteomas of external auditory canal are very rare and apart from isolated cases are not described in children population. The case presented in the paper shows the possibility of a presence of unilateral multifocal osteoma of an external auditory canal in a child, which is not described in the literature concerning the topic.

16

Hypovitaminosis D and cardiometabolic risk factors among non-obese youth

80%

Al-Daghri N. , Al-Attas O. , Alokail M. , Alkharfy K. , Yousef M. , Nadhrah H. , Al-Othman A. , Al-Saleh Y. , Sabico S. , Chrousos G.

Open Medicine

|

2010

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tom 5

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nr 6

752-757

EN

Hypovitaminosis D and increased cardiometabolic risk have been well established in adults. This study aims to determine whether or not vitamin D also influences cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. To test this hypothesis, we recruited 186 boys (mean age 12.4 ± 3.7 years) and 114 girls (11.6 ± 3.7) in a cross-sectional observational study. Anthropometrics were obtained and morning fasting blood samples were collected. Serum glucose and lipid profile were determined using routine methods. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In our population, approximately 10% of subjects had severe 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency (< 12.5 nmol/L), while 50% of the boys and 40% of the girls had mild vitamin D deficiency (12.5–24.9 nmol/L). Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were inversely correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, waist and hip circumferences and serum triglyceride concentrations, and positively associated with HDL-cholesterol. Age and systolic blood pressure were significant predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, explaining about 30% of the variance (p = 0.0005). In conclusion, significant associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiometabolic parameters support promising cardioprotective benefits from vitamin D sufficiency at an early age. Follow-up with prospective clinical intervention studies are needed to validate this hypothesis.

17

Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in children: predictive factors and outcome

80%

Coccia P. , Ruggiero A. , Attinà G. , Cerchiara G. , Battista A. , Arena R. , Scalzone M. , Puma N. , Ridola V. , Riccardi R.

Open Medicine

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2012

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tom 7

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nr 4

525-528

EN

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common cause of acquired thrombocytopenia in children. In 20% of cases, this condition is classified as chronic when the thrombocytopenia is persistent 6 months after diagnosis. The aim of the present study is to identify the potential factors correlating with a favorable outcome in patients with chronic ITP. Some 71 patients affected by ITP were retrospectively analyzed. Results show a higher rate of spontaneous recovery that is statistically significant for patients with platelet count at diagnosis <20,000/µL. These observations suggest the possibility to delay or avoid aggressive surgical treatment for these patients.

18

The impact of repeated blood pressure measurements on detecting hypertension in children and youths

80%

Platschek A.-M. , Steinkamm S. , Tokarski W. , Graf C.

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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2010

|

tom 2

42-46

EN

Study aim: To examine the differences between the second and first measurements of blood pressure and to show the necessity of designing a standardised protocol.Material and methods: Anthropometric data of 1618 children were assessed. Blood pressure and heart rate values were determined twice after 5-min sitting with a sphygmomanometer (Omron M5-I, Germany). The differences between the second and first measurements were assessed using Student's t-test.Results: A group of 921 boys and 697 were studied. Mean systolic blood pressures in the first and second measurements were 124.9 ± 15.7 and 121.4 ± 14.9 mm Hg, respectively, mean diastolic blood pressures - 78.0 ± 13.6 and 76.0 ± 12.4 mm Hg, respectively, the between-measurement differences being highly significant (p<0.001). No significant differences were noted for the heart rate. The prevalence of hypertension assessed from the first and second measurement was 23.9 and 4.4%, respectively.Conclusion: The results point to the indispensability of designing a valid, standardised protocol of conducting blood pressure measurements in paediatric epidemiological studies.

19

Butterkinder - austriacki epizod z historii europejskich dzieci.

80%

Kosińska-Krippner B.

Kwartalnik Filmowy

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2013

|

nr 81

104-116

PL

Szkicując sytuację Austrii po 1945 r. i odwołując się do filmu "Butterkinder – Überleben nach dem Krieg. Kinderverschickung aus Österreich 1945-1950" (reż. Alois Hawlik, prod. Austria –Hiszpania, 2007) autorka przypomina mało znany epizod z historii Austrii dotyczący Butterkinder, czyli dzieci wysyłanych z Austrii zaraz po wojnie za granicę, by odżywiły się i odzyskały wiarę w lepszy świat. Od 1945 r. rodziny ze Szwajcarii, Belgii, Irlandii, Danii, Holandii, Szwecji, Norwegii, Hiszpanii, Portugalii i Węgier przyjęły od 80 000 do ponad 100 000 austriackich dzieci. Niektóre z nich pozostały na zawsze u swych nowych opiekunów. Autorka zwraca uwagę, że film pokazał okres powojenny nie z punktu widzenia zwycięzców lub pokonanych, ale dzieci, i po raz pierwszy dał szansę przemówić samym – dorosłym już – „maślanym dzieciom”, przywrócił światu i samym Austriakom pamięć o tym wydarzeniu, przypominając przy okazji jedną z pierwszych powojennych europejskich akcji pomocowych, która pozostawiła ślad ponad granicami i była demonstracją europejskiej solidarności na długo przed zjednoczeniem Europy.

EN

By sketching the situation of Austria after 1945, and by referring to the film 'Butterkinder – Überleben nach dem Krieg. Kinderverschickung aus Österreich 1945-1950' (directed by Alois Hawlik) the author recalls generally little-known episode in the history of Austria concerning the Butterkinder, the children sent abroad from Austria after the war to regain their strength and faith in a better world. From 1945 onwards, families from Switzerland, Belgium, Ireland, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Spain, Portugal and Hungary took in from around 80 000 to over 100 000 Austrian children. Some of them remained forever with their new guardians. The author points out that the film presents the post-war period not in terms of the winners or the losers, but from the point of view of the “butter children”, who, for the first time are given the chance to speak, and restore to the world and the Austrians the memory of this event, and recall the occasion of one of the first post-war European humanitarian actions, which left a trail across borders and was a demonstration of European solidarity long before the unification of Europe.

20

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: CONSIDERATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ADMINISTRATI ON

80%

Pleban F. T. , Barney D. , Burke R.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2014

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tom 5

|

nr 1

15-26

EN

While diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is clear, misconceptions of ASD create barriers and challenges for children with ASD and their interaction in the educational environment around them. The social model of disability states people with disabilities are more limited by social constraints than actual impairment (Llewellyn and Hogan, 2000). In hopes to diminish these social constraints, continued education and progression of programs for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders is essential. When observing the different teaching strategies educators used to assist children with ASD, no one educational strategy was deemed appropriate for use. Findings revealed there were no defined guidelines on how to interact with autistic children and left teachers to use their own teaching methods. Literature reflect a lack of educational strategies for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in an academic setting; at the various grade levels. One of the newer strategies to be investigated is the role of physical activity in children with ASD. Regular physical activity is highly beneficial towards the health of all children with or without disabilities. However, social and behavioral impairments leave little opportunity for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders to be successful in participating in physical activity; resulting in a possible higher risk of being inactive. Exercise options such as martial arts, swimming and yoga programs have been shown to be successful for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.