The article deals with the relationship between T. G. Masaryk and the Catholic Church after the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918. The paper reflects actual synthesis of the relationship of T. G. Masaryk and Catholic Church, their mutual association and struggle at the turn of the 10´s and 20´s of the 20th century. The analysis presents important editions of documents, Czech archives regarding the religious person of T. G. Masaryk and new open archive collections of the Vatican Secret Archives.
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The paper deals with two Catholic intellectuals, R.I. Malý and J.K. Miklík, who endeavored to reform Czech society through their political papers published during the existence of what is known as the First Czechoslovak Republic. They found inspiration in European authoritarian movements of the interwar period of time, such as the French Action française, Belgian Rexist movement, Italian fascism, or the Polish ‘sanation’ regime. Their views strongly reflected particularly the ideas of Italian fascism, as much as it outwardly manifested its sympathy for Catholicism. Nevertheless, these Catholic intellectuals were not only critical of the existing social order, parliament-based liberalism, capitalism, political parties and democracy in the First Czechoslovak Republic, but also of some particular representatives of political life, mainly T.G. Masaryk. Their texts contained not only critical views, but also creative constructs of the new reality according to their Catholic doctrine constituting – in Plato’s idealistic spirit – a conserved closed society. Their opinions represent an interesting sample of Czech political thought and provide an inspiring view of a certain alternative of development for the First Czechoslovak Republic.
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