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2 Polish Journal of Ecology

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Inter - and intrapopulation variation of leaf morphological traits in natural stands of Buxus hyrcana [Pojark.] in Caspian Forests [Iran]

100%

Yosefzadeh H. , Tabari M. , Espahbodi K. , Jalali G. A. , Bussotti F. , Abdi E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2009

tom 57

nr 2

291-301

The leaf morphology of Buxus hyrcana (Pojark.), shade-tolerant and evergreen species growing in understorey of Caspian Forest was studied in five natural Iranian populations in order to recognize the pattern of within- and among-population variation of selected leaf morphological traits. Fifteen traits were selected and measured or calculated – list in Appendix. Leaves were collected from different geographical (between 36°13′N and 53°15′E) populations of B. hyrcana growing in the Caspian Forests located in Mazandaran Province (northern Iran) in the similar vegetation and site conditions but on different altitudes. Ten mature trees from five relatively small areas (0.5–1 ha) were selected in June. Then ANOVA model was used with both crossed and nested effects. The results showed that variation among the populations was significant in 13 of 15 traits (P <0.05); variation among the trees in the population was significant in 14 of 15 traits (P <0.05). Among all characters measured, the greatest plasticity was found for weight, leaf area mass and specific leaf mass. Function 1 explained 30% of the total variance and Function 2 represented another 17% of the total variance. PCA analysis showed that the most important role in function 1 allocated to width of lamina and leaf figure ratio (length of lamina/width of lamina) and in function 2 to top of leaf figure (width of lamina in 0.1 its length/width of lamina). The results of the average linkage clustering method evidenced four distinct clusters. Generally, morphological traits of leaves of B. hyrcana showed low variation among the considered populations based on clustering analysis, although some trees inside the population showed significantly different values in comparison with other trees.

The effects of Viscum album L. on foliar weight and nutrients content of host trees in Caspian forests [Iran]

100%

Hosseini S. M. , Kartoolinejad D. , Mirnia S. K. , Tabibzadeh Z. , Akbarinia M. , Shayanmehr F.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2007

tom 55

nr 3

Caspian forests (in the region it is called – Hyrcanian Forests) with an area of about 1.9 million ha are located in north of Iran, in southern coast of Caspian Sea. It is exclusive site for some valuable species like Populus caspica Bornm., Gleditsia caspica Desf., Parrotia persica Meyer. and Pterocaria fraxinifolia (Lam.) Spach., and the forests are dominated by Fagus orientalis Lipsky, Quercus castanifolia C. A. M., and Alnus glutinosa Gaertn. The mistletoe (Viscum album L.) effects on the area and weight of leaves of the two host tree species ( hornbeam Carpinus betulus L. and ironwood Parrotia persica Meyer.) were studied on a number of severely infected individuals and control trees in selected parts of Hyrcanian Forests. Almost 100 leaves from infested and non-infested branches of two host species were sampled in order to compare with control trees (non-infested trees growing near each host). Results showed, that area and weight of leaves taken from infested branches of ironwood were significantly lower (at 95% confidence level) than leaf area and weight in non-infested branches and control trees. The amount of K, Mn and Zn was higher in infested branches of both species compared to control trees. However, the amount of nitrogen in infected branches of ironwood was lower. The results suggest that V. album may have detrimental effect on leaf structure, physiology and chemical composition of strongly infested host trees.