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1

The Chronology of the Bronze Age Tell and Tell‑like Settlements in the Carpathian Basin. Revisited after 15 Years

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Gogâltan F.

Studia Hercynia

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2019

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nr 24

198-214

EN

Fifteen years ago, during an Alexander von Humboldt fellowship at the Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie, Freie Universität Berlin I have put together a catalogue of Early Bronze Age (EBA) and Middle Bronze Age (MBA) multi stratified settlements in the Carpathian Basin (ca. 2500–1600/1500 BC). A total of 188 multi stratified sites ascribed to five horizons were placed in chronological order. The new AMS data have substantially modified the absolute chronology of this period. The present paper focuses only on recent information regarding the chronology of the tell and tell like settlements in the Carpathian Basin.

2

Kresťanstvo u Germánov v Karpatskej kotline v 6. storočí

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Bystrický P.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2014

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nr 1(6)

13-41

EN

The fourth century saw the beginning of spreading Christianity among Germanic people. The mission of bishop Ulfi las, however, ended in 348 and persecuted Christian Goths fl ed to the territory of the Roman Empire. After the destruction of Gothic kingdoms, the fl eeing Goths were allowed by the Roman emperor Valens to cross the Danube, probably only on condition that they would adopt new faith. Since the emperor himself was an Arian and Arianism preferred theological teaching in the Roman Empire, the Goths, and later other East Germanic tribes, adopted this doctrine instead of Nicene Creed. Germanic people learned only the basic principles of faith and then just continued with their beliefs. Moreover, Jesus was deemed not the only God, but one of many gods. The second part of the study offers a survey of written sources on the Christianity among Germanic tribes in the Carpathian Basin in the sixth century – Rugians, Heruls, Gepids and Lombards. The Rugians led by the king Feletheus (Feva) and his Arian wife Giso dwelt on the left bank of the Danube, opposite the Roman province of Noricum, where at that time St. Severinus preached Christianity, established monasteries, organised defence or evacuation, redeemed captives, procured corn for the starving and healed the sick. Humble and pious Severinus won himself such a reputation that even barbarian kings respected him and listened to his advice and prophecies. The neighbouring Heruls, however, were pagans and sometimes invaded barely defended provinces of Noricum and Pannonia. Though their king received baptism in 528, many of them remained pagans and, according to Procopius, they were the wickedest people in the whole world. The Gepids, like Goths, converted to Arianism. The most signifi cant traces of Gepid Christianity are found in the territory of Pannonia II, especially near the Roman town of Sirmium. Sirmium was one of the most important centres of early Christianity and in the late sixth century, the town having become a seat of Gepid Arian bishop. On the other hand, Lombard Arianism is very problematical. The fi rst mention of their orthodox faith comes from Procopius. Paganism, however, was retained not only by the majority of the tribe, but also by the king and his retinue, even at the time 568 invasion in Italy. Arianism among Lombards probably gained strength only in Italy, where a number of subjugated Gepids accompanied them and where remnants of Arian Goths continued to live. From Alboin to Aripert (altogether 9 rulers) only two kings are mentioned as Arians and only two as Catholics. Though these Germanic tribes adopted Christianity in the Carpathian Basin, they did not stay there long enough to become true Christians. With Slavs and Avars replacing them, the Christianisation of Central Europe had to start from scratch.

3

Middle Bronze Age social networks in the Carpathian Basin

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Przybyła M. S.

Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie

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2016

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tom 8

47-84

EN

The paper discusses the development of pottery traditions in the Carpathian Basin around 1600 BC. Set of data describing decoration of vessels originating from 94 archaeological sites is analysed using tools developed by so called network science. Results of this investigation are confronted with the current discussion concerning the cultural change at the transition of Middle and Late Bronze Age. In the last part of the paper I try to draw more general conclusions as regard the nature of social networks in prehistory.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie stopnia podobieństwa tradycji ceramicznych rozwijających się w Kotlinie Karpackiej mniej więcej pomiędzy XVIII i XII stuleciem p.n.e. W tym celu wyselekcjonowane zostały 94 stanowiska, które dostarczyły wystarczająco licznej serii dekorowanej ceramiki. Pochodzący z nich materiał został poddany klasyfikacji, a następnie przeanalizowany z użyciem narzędzi statystycznych, w tym zwłaszcza techniki analizy sieci. W rezultacie możliwe było określenie stopnia pokrewieństwa pomiędzy poszczególnymi stanowiskami, wyróżnienie grup o zbliżonych „recepturach” dekoracji ceramiki oraz zbadanie zależności pomiędzy podobieństwem stylistycznym i bliskością geograficzną. Analiza ta dostarczyła jednocześnie obserwacji wspierających pogląd o chronologicznym zazębianiu się tradycji kultur tellowych oraz licznej grupy zjawisk kulturowych pojawiających się w Kotlinie Karpackiej po XVII–XVI stuleciu p.n.e., które tutaj łącznie określane są jako tradycja mogiłowa. Ostatnia część artykułu poświęcona jest ogólniejszej dyskusji nad charakterem społecznych sieci kontaktów w prehistorii. Miedzy innymi konfrontuję w niej obraz sieci manifestujący się w stylu ceramicznym z kontaktami wyznaczanymi przez reguły deponowania przedmiotów brązowych i wzorce w zakresie architektury.

4

Connections between the Mediterranean and the Carpathian Basin inthe 8th century AD. On the hinged strap-ends of the Late Avar Period

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Szenthe G.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2013

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tom XLVIII

195-225

EN

The paper examines hinged strap-ends adopted from mediterranean sources into the material culture of the Avar Period carpathian basin (7th–8th centuries Ad). According to the common patterns in the local use of several formal or technical elements the appearance of the hinged strapends inter alia in the Avar context must be related to direct and contemporaneous contacts with the mediterranean. Two levels of communication could be identified in the archaeological material. if hinges generate more complex variations of object types embedded in simpler form in the common material culture of the same period, the mediator was most probably the late Avar elite, deriving a material culture from an elite communication that was not structured primarily by geographical distances. A second group of hinged strap-ends clustering at the borders, but principally in the western region of the carpathian basin, are largely independent of the common Avar types. Their characteristics, alien in the local context, originated from direct interregional exchange with the neighbouring mediterranean peripheries.

5

The Early Medieval hillfort in Bojná — Valy, Slovakia, and its defence system

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Pieta K. , Robak Z.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2017

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tom LII

6

Palaeoecology of Late Pliocene and Quaternary mammalian communities in the Carpathian Basin

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Pazonyi P.

Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. Ser.A Vertebrata

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2011

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tom 54A

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nr 1-2

7

The first cremation traces in the Eneolithic period north of the Carpathian Mountains

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Wilk S. , Szczepanek A.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2017

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tom 69

353-371

EN

The subject of this article is the fi rst eneolithic cremation burial in south-eastern Poland which was discovered on the cemetery of the Lublin-Volhynia culture at site 2 in Książnice, voiv. świętokrzyskie. Grave 14 was unearthed while exploring the western part of the necropolis in August 2012. The burial pit, 122 x 75 cm, was shaped like a rectangle with rounded corners, elongated along the north-south axis. In the southern part of the grave, at the depth of 40-45 cm, a concentration of charred human bones was found belonging to an individual at the age of maturus. The grave goods consist of two clay vessels (a pear-shaped cup with knobs on the larger bulge of its body, and a miniature pot with a gooseneck profi le and notched spout) and twelve fl int artefacts. The analyzed burial is another example of the intense cultural infl uences of the Hunyadihalom-Lažňany horizon to the late younger Danubian communities inhabiting Lesser Poland at the turn of the 5th and 4th millennia BC.

8

Transcarpathian influences in the Early Neolithic of Poland. A case study of Kowalewko and Rudna Wielka sites

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Kabaciński J. , Sobkowiak-Tabaka I. , Kasztovszky Z. , Pietrzak S. , Langer J. J. , Biró K. T. , Maróti B.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2015

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nr L

9

Rhinoceros exploitation at Érd (Hungary). What a place for the megaherbivores in the Neanderthal diet in Hungary?

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Daschek É. J.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2021

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tom LVI

13-66

EN

The Hungarian Transdanubian site of Érd, where a Mousterian industry and abundant osteological material were discovered in the early 1960s is well known to prehistorians. The remains of megaherbivores (Mammuthus primigenius, Coelodonta antiquitatis) are re-examined here under the taphonomic and archaeozoological components in order to complete the Hungarian and European s.l. data and reassess the potential exploitation of these two pachyderms in the Neanderthal diet and economy. The cut marks, the intense activity of carnivores/hyenas and the skeletal profiles indicate a mixed origin of the carcasses. Mortality patterns of rhinoceros are characterized by the presence of young, subadult and adults, and suggest multiple acquisition by active scavenging and/or hunting with quick access. Skeletal profiles suggest a selective transport of rich/nutritive elements by humans to the site. The cut marks and fracturing of some elements (in situ butchery treatment) confirm that Neanderthals consumed these species on site and that they had at least partial primary access. The mode of acquisition seems active with rapid access for a young mammoth. Érd confirms the Neanderthal exploitation of rhinos and mammoths in their steppic environment during the Middle Palaeolithic. Érd is currently the only Hungarian Middle Palaeolithic site with a proven exploitation and consumption of these megaherbivores.

10

Some new 14C data to the bronze age in the Slovakia

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Görsdorf J. , Marková K. , Furmánek V.

Geochronometria

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2004

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tom Vol. 23

79-91

EN

The data come from samples from the archaeological site Včelince (Slovakia). It is a settlement of a multicultural character. The stratigraphy of the layers VII .I assigns chronological sequence: the Hatvan culture, Hatvan-Otomani Horizon of the Hatvan culture, Otomani/Füzesabony culture circle, the Koszider Horizon, Piliny culture. There were applied animal bones for the samples of 14C. They came from the pits as well as from the layers dated by typology, horizontal and vertical stratigraphy. The 14C data confirm the chronological order indicated by the stratigraphical observations in the site. It is the very first 14C measurement in the case of the Hatvan culture in Slovakia. Mesurment of the earliest layer of the Hatvan culture in Včelince provides the data (Bln 5560: 3710š38 BP) which is comparable with the data of the earliest Hatvan culture in Hungary. A part of the teritory of Slovakia can not be excluded from the process of its origin also in spite of the data mentioned above. As the dates are coming from tratigraphically and typologically clearly defined contexts, they are of high importance for the Bronze Age archaeology of the region.

11

The analysis of the discoid braid ornament from Andreyevskaya Shhel (Anapa, Russia) (10th century)

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Lezsák G. M. , Novichikhin A. , Gáll E.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2018

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tom LIII

12

Funerary eye and mouth plates in the Carpathian Basin in the 10th Century

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Balogh Bodor T.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2018

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tom LIII

13

Production and characterization of tissue cultures of four crocus species from the Carpathian Basin

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Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2017

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tom 59

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nr 2

EN

We aimed to produce tissue cultures and plant regeneration from endangered Crocus species: C. scepusiensis, C. tommasinianus, C. vittatus (“Verni” series of the genus) and C. banaticus. For initiation of cultures we used a plant growth regulator (PGR) combination used for in vitro culture of saffron and its relatives: 10 mg L-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg L-1 6-benzyladenine (BA). Shoot tips of young seedlings (C. scepusiensis) and corms (for the rest of species) were used as explants. C. scepusiensis explants developed into organogenic calli. On media with decreased NAA and with or without increased BA concentration, calli produced stigma-like structures and/or shoots and whole plants. In the other species, callus initiation medium induced callus formation with abundant somatic embryos. In C. tommasinianus, embryos developed shoots when auxin content of medium was decreased. In C. banaticus, a decrease of auxin with or without an increase in cytokinin content led to shoot or whole plant regeneration, as in C. scepusiensis. In the case of C. vittatus and C. banaticus, initiation and/or maintenance of cultures on indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and increased sucrose concentration stimulated whole plant regeneration and in vitro cormlet development. C. scepusiensis and the rest of cultures (organogenic vs. embryogenic) differed at the biochemical level: C. scepusiensis cultures had higher (yet still low) enzymatic antioxidant (catalase, peroxidase) activities. With respect to catalase isoenzyme patterns, C. banaticus was different from the rest of cultures, demonstrating its distinct taxonomical position. Besides germplasm preservation use of the present cultures, they have a potential biotechnological value.

14

New data about chronology of the impact of the Hunyadihalom-Lažňany horizon on Younger Danubian cultures north of the Carpathian Mountains

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Wilk S.

Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie

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2016

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tom 8

7-27

EN

The subject of this article is connections from Carpathian Basin in the Lublin-Volhynian (LV-C) culture – the first Eneolithic culture in Lesser Poland. Comparative analysis of the pottery from the LV-C child grave no 7 in Książnice (Lesser Poland) points towards the Hunyadihalom-Lažňany horizon as the mainstream source of analogies; and, according to the scheme proposed by Sławomir Kadrow and Anna Zakościelna, the LV-C drew on these analogies at the end of phase III or approx. 3700 –3600 BC (Kadrow, Zakościelna 2000). While, the radiocarbon dating (5180±35BP) dates the grave to approx. 4050 –3940 BC, which according to the scheme proposed by Kadrow and Zakościelna would mean that we are dealing with a feature from phase II. Of extreme importance which influenced the interpretation of the grave were the new data related to absolute chronology of the of the Copper Age in the Carpathian Basin. In the light of new radiocarbon chronology of the Hunyadihalom-Lažňany horizon (ca. 4200 –3800 BC, according Raczky, Siklósi 2013; ca. 4000 –3800 BC according Brummack, Diaconescu 2014), the date of grave 7 from Książnice corresponds well to the ceramic inventory with the characteristics of the Hunyadihalom-Lažňany horizon. The presence of the Hunyadihalom-Lažňany influences in Lesser Poland in the late 5th and 4th millennia BC forces us to pose the questions about their role in the spread of “Chalcolithic” attributes north of the Carpathian Mountains. There is clearer support for the thesis that the new cultural trends, which were expressed by the sepulchral ideology borrowed from the area of the Carpathian Basin emphasizing the elitism of burials, drawing clearer distinctions between the sacred and the profane in the spatial sense, and strongly emphasizing sexual dimorphism, could be to a greater extent the result of the influences of the Hunyadihalom-Lažňany horizon, and not just – as has traditionally been accepted – of the Tiszapolgár and Bodrogkeresztúr cultures.

PL

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są wpływy ugrupowań środkowej epoki miedzi z Kotliny Karpackiej na kulturę lubelsko-wołyńską – pierwszą eneolityczną kulturę w Małopolsce. Analiza porównawcza ceramiki z grobu 7 kultury lubelsko-wołyńskiej z Książnic (Małopolska) wskazuje jako główny nurt analogii horyzont Hunyadihalom-Lažňany, do którego nawiązania wg schematu Sławomira Kadrowa i Anny Zakościelnej, występują w KLW pod koniec fazy III, czyli ok. 3700–3600 BC (Kadrow, Zakościelna 2000). Jednocześnie data radiowęglowa (5180±35BP) dość precyzyjnie umieszcza omawiany zespół na przełomie V i IV tysiąclecia BC, a dokładniej ok. 4050–3940 BC, co wg schematu S. Kadrowa i A. Zakościelnej oznacza, iż mielibyśmy do czynienia z obiektem z fazy II. Niezwykle ważnym czynnikiem, który wpłynął na interpretację omawianego grobu okazały się nowe dane dotyczące chronologii absolutnej epoki miedzi w Kotlinie Karpackiej. W świetle nowej chronologii radiowęglowej horyzontu Hunyadihalom-Lažňany w Kotlinie Karpackiej (ok. 4200 – 3800 BC wg Raczky, Siklósi 2013; ok. 4000 – 3800 BC wg Brummack, Diaconescu 2014), data z grobu 7 z Książnic dobrze współgra z inwentarzem ceramicznym o cechach horyzontu Hunyadihalom-Lažňany. Obecność wpływów Hunyadihalom-Lažňany w Małopolsce na przełomie V i IV tysiąclecia BC zmusza do postawienia pytań o ich znaczenie w rozprzestrzenianiu się atrybutów „epoki miedzi” na północ od Karpat. Coraz wyraźniej rysuje się teza, że nowe trendy kulturowe, których wyrazem była zapożyczona z terenu Kotliny Karpackiej ideologia sepulkralna podkreślająca elitaryzm pochówków, wyodrębniająca sacrum i profanum w sensie przestrzennym, oraz silnie akcentująca dymorfizm płciowy, mogły być w większym stopniu wynikiem oddziaływań horyzontu Hunyadihalom- -Lažňany, a nie tylko, jak tradycyjnie zakładano, kultur Tiszapolgár i Bodrogkeresztúr.

15

Der spätrömisch-frühbyzantinische Münzfund von Firtosváralja (Siebenbürgen, 1831) im Lichte neuentdeckter Archivdaten

63%

Somogyi P.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2016

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tom LI

169-255

EN

Within the confines of the small Szekely village of Firtosváralja, on the Firtos Mountain, rising a thousand meters above sea level, a large quantity of Byzantine gold coins was found in 1831. Later these coins were sold out by their discoverers. Given this, it is hardly surprising that a hundred years later only sixteen specimens of coins from this hoard could have been identified. Since 1960, three more gold coins, kept in the Numismatic Cabinet of the National History Museum of Transylvania in Cluj-Napoca, have been identified as belonging to this modest collection. Although the coin assemblage from Firtosváralja entered scholarly literature and has repeatedly come up in issues of concerning the early medieval settlement history of Transylvania, there has been no source study relating either to the discovery of the hoard or to the coins themselves. After years of archival research in Romania and Hungary, it was now possible to track down some of the contemporary official reports on the find, which capture the true history of the discovery of the gold coins. It was also found that already in the mid-nineteenth century, several scholars from Transylvania dealt intensively with the hoard investigated here. Many descriptions and illustrations of hitherto unknown coins from Firtosváralja are among the preserved legacy of these researchers. Thus, the number of coins for which we now have a full set of data, or at least the information about the issuer, increased to 54 pieces. Eleven gold coins preserved to this day in the museums of Székelyudvarhely and Cluj as well as other issuances known thanks to pencil frottage drawings or wax impressions allow to describe precisely the group of coins of our interest here. The detailed analysis of the oldest information about the hoard proves that associating of the solidi of Emperor Maurice (582–602) and Heraclius (610–641) with the hoard from Firtosváralja is ambiguous; hence the issuances by Justinian the Great (527–565) are the youngest coins from this set. This means that the gold coins accumulated here since the 430s are likely to have been deposited much earlier than previously assumed. Based on this new-early-dating, an interpretation, hitherto not offered, of the late Roman-early Byzantine coin hoard of Firtosváralja is also presented.

16

A lost carbonate platform deciphered from clasts embedded in flysch : Štramberk-type limestones, Polish Outer Carpathians

63%

Hoffmann M. , Kołodziej B. , Kowal-Kasprzyk J.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2021

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tom Vol. 91, No. 3

203--251

EN

Limestones designated the Štramberk-type are the most common carbonate exotic clasts (exotics) embedded in the uppermost Jurassic–Miocene flysch deposits of the Polish Outer Carpathians. About 80% of stratigraphically determinable carbonate exotics from the Silesian, Sub-Silesian and Skole units (nappes) are of Tithonian (mostly)–Berriasian (sporadically Valanginian) age. A study of these exotics revealed eight main facies types: coral-microbial boundstones (FT 1), microencruster-microbial-cement boundstones (FT 2), microbial and microbial-sponge boundstones (FT 3), detrital limestones (FT 4), foraminiferal-algal limestones (FT 5), peloidalbioclastic limestones (FT 6), ooid grainstones (FT 7), and mudstones-wackestones with calpionellids (FT 8). Štramberk-type limestones in Poland and the better known Štramberk Limestone in the Czech Republic are remnants of lost carbonate platforms, collectively designated the Štramberk Carbonate Platform. Narrow platforms were developed on intra-basinal, structural highs (some of them are generalized as the Silesian Ridge), with their morphology determined by Late Jurassic synsedimentary tectonics. An attempt was made to reconstruct the facies distribution on the Tithonian–earliest Cretaceous carbonate platform. In the inner platform, coral-microbial patch-reefs (FT 1) grew, while the upper slope of the platform was the depositional setting for the microencruster-microbial-cement boundstones (FT 2). Microbial and microbial-sponge boundstones (FT 3), analogous to the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian boundstones of the northern Tethyan shelf (also present among exotics), were developed in a deeper setting. In the inner, open part of the platform, foraminiferal-algal limestones (FT 5) and peloidal-bioclastic limestones (FT 6) were deposited. Poorly sorted, detrital limestones (FT 4), including clastsupported breccias, were formed mainly in a peri-reefal environment and on the margin of the platform, in a high-energy setting. Ooid grainstones (FT 7), rarely represented in the exotics, were formed on the platform margin. Mudstones-wackestones with calpionellids (FT 8) were deposited in a deeper part of the platform slope and/or in a basinal setting. In tectonic grabens, between ridges with attached carbonate platforms, sedimentation of the pelagic (analogous to FT 8) and allodapic (“pre-flysch”) Cieszyn Limestone Formation took place. The most common facies are FT 4 and FT 1. Sedimentation on the Štramberk Carbonate Platform terminated in the earliest Cretaceous, when the platform was destroyed and drowned. It is recorded in a few exotics as thin, neptunian dykes (and large dykes in the Štramberk Limestone), filled with dark, deep-water limestones. Reefal facies of the Štramberk Carbonate Platform share similarities in several respects (e.g., the presence of the microencrustermicrobial-cement boundstones) with reefs of other intra-Tethyan carbonate platforms, but clearly differ from palaeogeographically close reefs and coral-bearing facies of the epicontinental Tethyan shelf (e.g., coeval limestones from the subsurface of the Carpathian Foredeep and the Lublin Upland in Poland; the Ernstbrunn Limestone in Austria and Czech Republic). Corals in the Štramberk Limestone and Štramberk-type limestones are the world’s most diverse coral assemblages of the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition. The intra-basinal ridge (ridges), traditionally called the Silesian Cordillera, which evolved through time from an emerged part of the Upper Silesian Massif to an accretionary prism, formed the most important provenance area for carbonate exotic clasts in the flysch of the Silesian Series. They are especially common in the Lower Cretaceous Hradiště Formation and the Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene Istebna Formation. The Baška-Inwałd Ridge and the Sub-Silesian Ridge were the source areas for clasts from the Silesian and Sub-Silesian units (e.g., in the Hradiště Formation), while the Northern (Marginal) Ridge was the source for clasts from the Skole Unit (e.g., in the Maastrichtian–Paleocene Ropianka Formation).

17

Rewaloryzacja zabytków dziedzictwa kulturowego małych miast Podkarpacia na przykładzie Sieniawy

63%

Kuśnierz-Krupa D.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2013

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tom z. 60, nr 4

97--111

PL

Niniejsza praca omawia zagadnienie rewaloryzacji zabytków na terenie małych miast Podkarpacia, które jest regionem o dużym zasobie cennych zabytków dziedzictwa kulturowego. Oprócz większych miast, takich jak Rzeszów, Przemyśl, Krosno, Przeworsk czy Jarosław, na terenie Podkarpacia istnieją także mniejsze ośrodki o równie bogatej tradycji i walorach kulturowych. W miastach tych niejednokrotnie znajdują się cenne obiekty o ponadprzeciętnych wartościach, które należy otaczać troską, a ich historię przekazywać lokalnym społecznościom. W publikacji zaprezentowano dwa przykłady obiektów zabytkowych, których rewaloryzacja przyniosła miastu wymierne korzyści w postaci podniesienia rangi najważniejszych obiektów w mieście, a także zaszczepienia świadomości i lokalnego patriotyzmu wśród jego mieszkańców. Omówione przykłady interwencji konserwatorskich dobudowy wieży do zabytkowego ratusza oraz rewaloryzacji budynku Towarzystwa Gimnastycznego „Sokół” pochodzą z Sieniawy, miasta położonego na terenie powiatu przeworskiego. Są one przykładem prawidłowej dbałości właścicieli i użytkowników obiektów zabytkowych o ich stan techniczny. Władze miasta oprócz obowiązku, jaki nakłada na nie jako na użytkowniku i właścicielu obiektu zabytkowego ustawa o ochronie zabytków i opiece nad zabytkami, zwracają uwagę lokalnej społeczności na potencjał, tradycję i historię miasta, a także dążą do przywrócenia najważniejszym obiektom i przestrzeniom publicznym w mieście właściwego wyglądu i rangi. Należy mieć nadzieję, że także inne miasta Podkarpacia o bogatym zasobie dziedzictwa kulturowego wezmą przykład z działań realizowanych na rzecz ochrony i rewaloryzacji zabytków w Sieniawie.

EN

This article addresses the issue of monument revalorization in small towns of Podkarpacie which is a region with valuable cultural heritage. Besides larger cities such as Rzeszów, Przemyśl, Krosno, Przeworsk or Jarosław, in the area of Podkarpacie there also exist smaller towns with equally rich traditions and high cultural values. Those towns can frequently boast precious objects representing more than the average value, which should be taken care of, and their history popularized among local communities. The article presents two examples of historic buildings whose revalorization gave the town concrete benefits in the form of upgrading the rank of the most important objects, as well as instilling the awareness and local patriotism among its inhabitants. The examples of conservation interventions discussed below namely: addition of the tower to the historic town hall and revalorization of the building of The „Sokół” Gymnastic Association come from Sieniawa, a town located in the Przeworsk County. They represent proper care which owners and users of historic buildings should take about their technical condition. Apart from the obligation imposed on them as the user and owner of the historic object by the Heritage Protection Act, town authorities draw the attention of the local community to the potential, tradition and history of the town, as well as aim at restoring the crucial objects and public spaces in the town to their proper appearance and rank. It is to be hoped that other towns in Podkarpacie with rich cultural heritage will also imitate the activities geared towards heritage protection and revalorization which are currently realized in Sieniawa.

18

The importance of forest patches in supporting steppe-species: a case study from the Carpathian Basin

63%

Erdos L. , Tolgyesi C. , Kormoczi L. , Batori Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 2

EN

Moderating effects of trees on the environment in their immediate proximity are considered an important force in structuring plant communities, especially in harsh environments. In the semi-arid regions of the middle Carpathian Basin, such facilitative influences are expected to become crucial for the survival of several plant species, given the current warming and drying tendencies. We used 20 × 20 m plots to analyze whether grassland species adapted to mesic conditions penetrate forest patches, where they are able to survive. Using transects and the moving split window analysis, we also investigated how far the positive effects of the forest patches extend into grasslands, and whether this enables the existence of a steppe community that cannot tolerate extreme dry conditions and unfavorable soils. We found that beside forest-related species, forest patches hosted large numbers of grassland-related species. Among them, plants of closed steppe grasslands were the most numerous, which usually cannot tolerate the harsh conditions of open sandy grasslands, and are often confined to areas with better water and soil conditions. Our results showed that there is a 5–8 m wide closed steppe zone around the forest patches. Some species that are not able to survive in open xeric sandy grasslands are restricted to this zone. Unfortunately, while considerable attention is paid to the research, protection and restoration of sandy grasslands, forest patches are usually neglected. Our results emphasize that the establishment of individual trees and groups of trees should be actively promoted, because they have considerable nature conservation benefits by supporing closed steppe species.

19

Relation between gravity time variation, vertical surface movements and sediment thickness in the Carpathian Basin

63%

Völgyesi L. , Csapó G. , Szabó Z.

Reports on Geodesy

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2005

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tom z. 2/73

255-262

EN

The investigation of phenomena, influencing the short time variation of gravity, has gained importance with the increasing accuracy of gravity meters. Accordingly, we have studied vertical surface movements, attributable to two effects: compaction of sediments, on the one hand, and structural movements, on the other in the young sedimentary Pannonian Basin. ln most of the deep sedimentary regions positive correlation can be found between sediment thickness and subsidence. As a consequence of subsidence, observation pointsof the surface get into a different equipotential level of the Earth's gravity field. Calculating the effects of the vertical surface movements, determined by repeat levelling, for a 10-year time span, the variation of gravity io general should be about 3 μGal (1 μGal = 10-8m/s2), but at special places it may reach as much as 10-20 μGal.

20

Characteristics of the northernmost population of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum in the Carpathian Basin

63%

Bihari Z.

Acta Theriologica

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2001

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tom 46

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nr 1

EN

Roost utilisation by Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) was investigated between 1984 and 1998 in north-eastern Hungary. Exploration of summer and winter roosts, monitoring and bat-banding were implemented to find movements between the colonies. Data on roost utilisation by this species in south-eastern Slovakia, collected in a similar way, were included for comparison. Twenty-two marked bats were recaptured. The studied bats created nursery colonies in Hungarian churches and moved to Slovakian mines and caves to hibernate in winter. The population used two main hibernacula, two large nursery roosts and one temporary roost but several other roosts were also visited. The area occupied by the population was 5180 km . R. ferrumequinum living in SE Slovakia and NE Hungary formed probably a separate population on the northern edge of the species range. This population is a part of the metapopulation of the species.