Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Snow on the Gridiron: A Brief History of Canadian Football

100%

Fogel C.

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EN

Football is played throughout the far regions of the world. There is no other sport that brings so many people together locally, nationally, and internationally. Football is not, however, a unified sport with shared rules, customs and histories across time and space. In contrast, football is largely a different sport depending on where it is being played. This paper traces the development of Canadian football as a unique sport with strong similarities to and subtle differences from American football, as well as clear distinctions from forms of football played outside of North America.

2

“Blood Will Tell”. The Eugenics Movement in Canada Prior

100%

Albański Ł.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2010

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nr 1(13)

241-250

EN

Until the eugenics movement got under way, “race” was always in some sense a popular science. In the nineteenth century there were important attempts to identify nationality with race.2 Racialism thus provided a powerful framework for interpreting and explaining other cultures, and for articulating the racial supremacy of one race. Moreover, racial heredity implied that there must be a unity of descent. Once upon a time there must have existed a number of ancestors of definite bodily form, from whom the present population has descended. This is clearest in the case of a homogenous population.

3

The Pliensbachian/Toarcian boundary in Canada: ammonite succession and correlations

100%

Macchioni F. , Palfy J. , Smith P.

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tom Vol. 4, no. 1

182-182

EN

The Pliensbachian-Toarcian transition in North America is best typified by the Queen Charlotte Island ammonite succession where 3 assemblages are recognized, all of which include representatives of Lioceratoides, Protogrammoceras and Tiltoniceras. The lower assemblage also includes Fanninoceras, Amaltheus and Arieticeras, and is placed in the Pliensbachian (Carlottense Zone). The upper assemblage also includes the first occurrences of Dactylioceras and is placed in the Toarcian (Kanense Zone). The correlation of the intermediate assemblage is uncertain and it was initially placed in the Pliensbachian because it occurred beneath Dactylioceras and above Amaltheus. However, Pleuroceras that characterizes the northwest European uppermost Pliensbachian does not occur in British Columbia and it is also questionable whether the incoming of the genus Dactylioceras can be used as a means of correlation with the basal Toarcian (Tenuicostatum Zone) of northwest Europe. Consequently, it has been difficult to confidently correlate the Pliensbachian-Toarcian transition as defined in North America with the boundary as defined in northwest Europe. Light is being shed on this problem by recent work on faunas from the Laberge Group in the Yukon Territory and the Spatsizi Formation (Hazelton Group) in northcentral British Columbia. As has often been noted, Canadian sequences show stronger affinities with Mediterranean successions rather than the Boreal successions of northwest Europe. In addition to representatives of Fontanelliceras, Neolioceratoides, Canavaria, Bouleiceras and Tauromeniceras, there are several new occurrences of Dactylioceras. The Tethyan Dactylioceras cf. simplex occurs low in the Kanense Zone and suggests a correlation with the D. simplex horizon of the basal Polymorphum Zone in the Mediterranean area, which predates the basal Tenuicostatum Zone of NW Europe.

4

From surveying and mapping to geomatics challenges and opportunities

100%

Zarzycki G. J. M.

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2009

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tom T. 7, z. 3

19-21

EN

The computer, information technology, digital mapping, GPS, satellite imagery and the Internet have unleashed profound changes in the way geospatial information is acquired, managed and used.

5

Snow on the Gridiron: A Brief History of Canadian Football

100%

Fogel C.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2012

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tom 54

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nr 1

49-54

EN

Football is played throughout the far regions of the world. There is no other sport that brings so many people together locally, nationally, and internationally. Football is not, however, a unified sport with shared rules, customs and histories across time and space. In contrast, football is largely a different sport depending on where it is being played. This paper traces the development of Canadian football as a unique sport with strong similarities to and subtle differences from American football, as well as clear distinctions from forms of football played outside of North America.

6

Thank God it’s just COVID!

88%

Milliken A. D.

European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine

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2020

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tom 3

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nr 2

7-10

EN

We have been lucky with the COVID-19 pandemic: it got the attention of the first world, yet (unlike other pandemics) has not threatened the very existence of humankind. COVID-19 has given us a chance to see how well we were prepared for something that was predictable.

7

Rolnicze ubezpieczenia gospodarcze w Kanadzie i USA jako składnik systemu zarządzania ryzykiem w nowoczesnym agrobiznesie

88%

Soliwoda M.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

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2013

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nr 4(337)

41-59

EN

The aim of this paper is the attempt to assess the system of agricultural business insurances in Canada and the USA. The axis of the article is the following thesis: designing systems of agricultural business insurances, decision-makers of the agricultural policy should take regional natural and social factors, besides international competitiveness of the agricultural sector, into account. Solutions concerning the analyzed systems, that were adopted for several decades in Canada and the USA, are very innovative (for example, index-based insurances and multiple-peril crop insurances). That implies the need for their prudent adaptation to the European agriculture, taking the priorities of the CAP 2014-2020 into account. What we need is a deeper integration of the system of agricultural business insurance into the tools of agricultural income stabilization. Moreover, it is necessary to raise the qualifications of farmers in area of financial management (including financial planning). It is important to incorporate the private sector into the system of agricultural business insurances, for example in the projects based on public-private partnership.

8

Entrepreneurial Growth Aspirations and Familiarity with Economic Development Organizations: Evidence from Canadian Firms

88%

Dossou-Yovo A.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

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2015

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tom 11

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nr 4

161-184

EN

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the entrepreneurship ecosystem and the entrepreneur’s willingness to grow. This study is particularly interested in exploring the relationship between entrepreneur’s familiarity with the key economic development organizations in the entrepreneurship ecosystem and the willingness to grow. Several studies have investigated the growth process in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) since the case has been made that high growth SMEs contribute to economic growth through job creation. To date, these studies have identified multiple internal and external determinants including their effects on small business growth. There is evidence in the literature that characteristics of the entrepreneurs such as the willingness to grow and the entrepreneur’s network are important factors in growth process. However, the relationship between growth process and the entrepreneur’s networking behavior is yet to be fully understood. Drawing from the entrepreneurship ecosystem literature, the growth process literature and the resource dependence theory, this study uses the business confidence survey from 2011 to 2013, which targeted all businesses across all of Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM) in Nova Scotia, Canada, to explore the relationship between the entrepreneur willingness to grow and the propensity to network with key economic development organizations of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The findings support the assumption that the proportion of businesses that are willing to grow (i.e. hire additional staff and enter new markets within the next twelve months) is higher for the group of businesses that are familiar with the key economic development organizations than for the group of businesses that are not familiar with them. However, the results are not homogeneous across all populations. Our findings also indicate that the higher the expectation to enter new markets over the next twelve months, the higher the odds to be familiar with the key economic development organizations. Our findings contribute to the literature around the association between networking and small business growth.

9

Early Hettangian ammonites and radiolarians from the Queen Charlotte Islands (British Columbia, Canada) and their bearing on the definition of the Triassic/Jurassic boundary

88%

Longridge L. , Carter E. , Smith P. , Tipper H.

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tom Vol. 4, no. 1

290-290

EN

The extinction that marks the Triassic/Jurassic boundary (T/J boundary) is one of the so-called "big five" that punctuate the Phanerozoic. Two sequences spanning the boundary occur in the Queen Charlotte Islands (QCI) of British Columbia; one is located at Kennecott Point on Graham Island (section I), the other on the southeastern shore of Kunga Island (section III). A second section at Kennecott Point contains fossils of Early Hettangian age only (section II). Eleven ammonite taxa are present in the Lower Hettangian sections of the QCI. Ammonite faunas indicate an Early Hettangian age for the upper portion of section I and permit correlation of the upper portion of section II with the middle Lower Hettangian Minutum Zone. Section III contains moderately diverse Early Hettangian ammonites that allow correlation of the lower portion of the section with the Minutum and Pacificum zones and the upper portion with the upper Lower Hettangian Polymorphum Zone. Lower Hettangian radiolarians from the Canoptum merum Zone are present in all three sections; a few Upper Rhaetian holdovers from the Globolaxtorum tozeri Zone are also present in sections I and II. The T/J boundary radiolarian faunas correlate closely with those in the Inuyama area of Japan indicating that radiolarians were globally distributed at that time. Although ammonite preservation is poor, radiolarian preservation is excellent and the turnover combined with continuous deposition and lack of facies changes over this interval marks the most distinct boundary level currently recognized worldwide. Section I has also produced a carbon isotope curve which records a prolonged negative excursion spanning the T/J boundary while section III has provided a U-Pb date of 199.6±0.3 Ma which constrains the boundary. The latter section has already been proposed as a potential basal Hettangian Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). Although all three QCI sections lack ammonites from the basal Hettangian Spelae ammonite Zone, sections I and III have both yielded earliest Hettangian radiolarian collections which contain Rhaetian holdovers suggesting an approximate correlation of the lower portion of these sections with the Spelae Zone. A section in New York Canyon, Nevada has also been proposed as a potential GSSP. This section provides a virtually complete ammonoid succession but lacks geochronology and microfossils. In essence, the sections at Kunga Island and New York Canyon are complementary. Close correlations between the two sections are possible using ammonite faunas as well as the negative carbon isotope anomalies which span the T/J boundary in Nevada and at Kennecott Point. We suggest the section from Nevada be designated as holostratotype (and datum) for the basal Hettangian and the QCI section be designated as a parastratotype to improve recognition of this interval.

10

ВИКОНАННЯ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯМИ СТУДЕНТСЬКОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ В КАНАДІ СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ ФУНКЦІЇ

88%

Підгаєцька А.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2015

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nr 4(48)

106-118

EN

This article has two major objectives: to describe the structure of the student movement in Canada and the formal role of the students in higher education governance, and to describe and analyze the «Maple Spring», the dramatic mobilization of the students in opposition to proposed tuition fee increased in Quebec that eventually led to a provincial election and the fall of the government. Based on an analysis of the documents, news reports, and a small number of interviews with the student leaders, the author will analyze what became the largest student protest movement in Canadian history. We will begin by conceptualizing the student organizations as political pressure groups, and then reviewing the major structural characteristics of Canadian student organizations. We will then turn to the special case of the student protests in Quebec in 2012. University-level student organizations have considerable organizational capacity (stable membership, mandatory fees, paid staff) and can be viewed as institutionalized pressure groups working within university policy networks. There are also student pressure groups functioning at the provincial and federal levels of the authority. Then we will identify activity strategies of the students’ organizations, analyze their main functions, and describe the main categories of university clubs and organizations. At the end we will give a description of the «Maple Spring» – the debate over tuition in Quebec which is not simply about the level of user fees, but rather the issue is embedded in a much broader vision of the role of higher education, and the discourse used by the student movement is based on a set of social-democratic values that resonate with the collective imaginary of Quebec society. Building upon their organizational capacity (membership, resources, paid staff and official recognition), using innovative strategies to maintain media coverage and pressure on the provincial government, and benefiting from circumstantial factors as well as the unique political context of Quebec, the student organizations in the province engaged in a protest have been unique in Canadian history because of its length and size, the magnitude of media attention that it received (in Canada and internationally), and its impact on the Quebec government and the provincial higher education system.

11

„My jeździmy do Polski, bo my tam mamy wspomnienia”: o pamięci Ukraińców z Polski w Kanadzie. Komunikat z badań terenowych

88%

Trzeszczyńska-Demel P.

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nr 3

257–278

EN

The paper is a report from anthropological fieldwork research carried out in Canada between March and September of 2014. My aim was to recognize the shape and content of social and cultural memory of Ukrainian Canadians, born in Poland, who emigrated to Canada in 1980s. They live in Edmonton and Toronto among other members of Ukrainian diaspora: descendants of Alberta pioneers, interwar period immigrants, displaced persons, Ukrainians from Ukraine and former Yugoslavia. Their memories concerning local Ukrainian history in Poland encounters institutionalized, well designed project of Ukrainian cultural memory in Canada. Actual situation in Ukraine (Euromaydan, Crimea annexation, civil war in the Donbas region) updates the memory and identity questions of Ukrainian diaspora in Canada in general and makes answers even more complicated for the Ukrainians born in Poland.

12

The Specifics of Post-War Canadian Immigration Policy (1945–1957)

75%

Burtseva M.

Historia i Polityka

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2017

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nr 22(29)

69-86

EN

Immigration plays a significant role in various areas of the society’s life and the international policy. Investigating the Canadian experience of immigration is one of the major elements for understanding different aspects of actual mass relocation. The principal objective of this study is to investigate the specifics of Canadian immigration policy following the Second World War. The research is based on analyzing legislation regulations that established Canadian immigration policy from 1945 to 1957. The findings indicated that there were multilateral causes for the after-war immigration changes. And that in reality, Canadian immigration policy in the post-war decade was quite ambiguous because of enacting liberal and discriminatory legislation at the same time.

13

The Hans Island Dispute and the Doctrine of Occupation

75%

Rudnicki J.

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tom 68

307-320

EN

The tiny Hans Island, claimed by both Canada and Denmark, is the latest disputed land in Arctic. The aim of this article is to analyse whether this sovereignty question can be resolved by referring to the doctrine of occupation. The methods used are historical analysis and the dogmatics of international law. The historical examples and doctrinal views lead to the first level conclusion that in certain circumstances a land that belongs to no one can be occupied by a state merely by means of symbolic actions. Further considerations focus on the questions of whether Hans Island should be considered as possessing such certain qualities and if so, whether any of the contestants has ever performed any actions that can be interpreted as taking it into its possession. The conclusion points out that although it is very unlikely that analyzed solutions would be used to determine the fate of the Island, it is still crucial to realise that doctrines of international law, which may seems archaic, are to some extent still applicable and could be used in the Arctic disputes.

14

Pomiędzy miastem a jeziorem

75%

Chojecka-Sarnowicz E.

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2010

|

tom Nr 12

36-39

PL

Toronto jako największe miasto Kanady i stolica swojej prowincji, czerpiąca dodatkowo korzyści z położenia nad jeziorem Ontario, jest miejscem jedynym w swoim rodzaju. Nic, zatem dziwnego, że władze stawiają sobie za cel "umieszczenie Toronto w czołówce miast XXI wieku o znaczeniu globalnym oraz zredefiniowanie sposobu, w jaki Toronto, Ontario i Kanada są postrzegane przez świat".

15

Špatná strana hranice? Anglicky mluvící levicová komunita v Československu na počátku studené války

75%

Geaney K.

Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

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2013

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tom 5

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nr 1

40–62

EN

The paper deals with the English-speaking community in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s. It attempts to illustrate that although international communism was supposed to cross national boundaries, it was not always the case in reality. There were invisible boundaries – mental, language, cultural, ethnic and racial – that proved to be difficult to overcome for both the guests and their hosts. The paper concentrates on questions such as the role of Czechoslovakia and Prague in the international communist movement, anti- Western propaganda, political asylum, housing and job related issues the English-speakers had to face, family questions, language issues and free time activities.

16

THE TERMINOLOGICAL TOOLKIT OF COMPARATIVE PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH OF GIFTED STUDENTS’ EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES, CANADA AND THE UK

75%

Boichenko M.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2016

|

nr 6(60)

226-235

EN

The article is aimed at revealing the approaches to defining giftedness and gifted in the USA, Canada and the UK. The following research methods were used:terminological analysis with the help of which the essence of the basic concepts is defined; comparative analysis aimed at defining common features and differences in the approaches to defining giftedness and gifted education in the studied countries. It is emphasized that the definition of “giftedness” and “gifted”, presented in the official documents of the USA, Canada and the UK, often differ from the definitions formulated by leading researchers of the studied countries. It is found out that in order to define the studied category of children and youth foreign researchers often use two concepts – “giftedness” and “talent”. It should be noted that the views of the theorists on the relationship of these concepts in the definition of the studied category differ significantly. The requirements to the definition of giftedness, proposed by a well-known American theorist of gifted and talented education J. Renzulli are highlighted, namely: 1) the definition should be based on evidence from scientific research that contains the characteristics of gifted individuals; 2) the definition should provide guidance in the identification process in this category of children and youth; 3) the definition should guide and be logically related to existing practice; 4) the definition should synthesize the research that shows its validity On the basis of analysis of the research works of foreign theorists of gifted and talented education and documents of the state education authorities of the USA, Canada and the UK the main types of giftedness are identified, in particular: 1) intellectual giftedness; 2) specific academic aptitude (math, language, etc.); 3) technical design talent; 4) musical and performing talent; 5) artistic talent; 6) sports talent; 7) creativity; and 8) leadership. The basic concept of “giftedness”, under which in our studywe understand natural inclinations and abilities (intellectual, specific academic, technical-design, musical-performing, artistic, sports, creative and leadership), which are manifested in high achievements, and the potential for such achievements, is clarified. The prospects for further research are seen in the revealing the peculiarities of the outlined types of giftedness.

17

Kanada pagulaseestlaste kodud kultuuriidentiteedi valjendajatena

75%

Kalajarv J.

Mäetagused

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2012

|

tom 50

29-46

EN

The article is about the domestic culture of a vanishing generation – Canadian exile-Estonians – and its role in their national identity. The refugees’ adaptation process and community sustainability are supported and influenced by material culture and visual representations: the familiar objects from earlier times that have a symbolic meaning for them. Even random items, which were brought along accidentally, have developed a deeper meaning. The unique language of these objects helps the refugees to overcome difficult cultural dilemmas and maintain their individual and collective identities. The strategies that helped to design the appropriate domestic and cultural environment were used in order to survive the first years in exile; later on the new environment became self-evident. The refugees of older generations find it important that their descendants preserve the Estonian cultural identity. The domestic environment is seen as the most important component in preserving culture because home is the centre of our spatial world and home design is significant from the point of view of cultural identity. Social networking with compeers outside the domestic environment is not less important. The ones living apart and communicating less with other Estonians assimilate into the new culture more easily. Exposing Estonian items in home design is individual – some refugees are proud of their heritage, some are not. Depending on that, it is different how many Estonian items can be found in one’s home. As the informants belonged to the active Estonian community, emphasising Estonian cultural identity was clearly perceivable. In discussions with the informants it appeared that not in all Estonian households the heritage was proudly presented. In domestic environment some refer to their heritage as an important part of their lives, for others, being an Estonian is something marginal and just a part of their past. Despite the efforts of the older generation to preserve Estonian culture in Canada as it is being remembered from the childhood when they lived in Estonia, the process of acculturation is under way. This research supports the two-dimensional acculturation model, which says that a human being can belong into two or several cultures, whereas the strengthening of the affiliating one does not weaken other affiliations. The informants have preserved features of Estonian culture in their homes, and Canadian culture is being treated with the same respect. Canadian-Estonians’ material culture in domestic environment is unique as it is being influenced by a multitude of factors. Estonian features are disappearing or other aspects are becoming more important when presenting the Estonian heritage within every new generation. The main reason for it is selective memory, which shapes the descendants’ cultural identity and exile culture. Home reflects and shapes cultural identity. From one point of view, we design the environment surrounding us, but from another, the environment surrounding us designs ourselves. The more we live in certain environment conditions, the more the values represented in that environment entrench themselves. For that reason, parents are the designers of Estonian cultural identity, presenting Estonia and Estonian culture to their children and influencing the development of Estonian culture in Canada.

18

Gettoizacja czy tolerancja, czyli spór o wielokulturowość.

75%

Śliz A. , Szczepański M. S.

Kultura i Polityka

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2013

|

nr 13

97-114

PL

Współczesny świat uwikłany jest w procesy o znaczeniu globalnym. Najważniejsze z nich to globalizacja i metropolizacja, których rezultat to między innymi wzmożone przemieszczanie się ludzi, czyli współczesny nomadyzm. Migracje wynikają z różnych przyczyn, wśród których najważniejsze to silne zróżnicowanie cywilizacyjne świata. Widocznym efektem współczesnych migracji jest etniczna i kulturowa różnorodność wielu społecznych przestrzeni, a niektóre z nich stają się wielokulturowymi. Przestrzenie wielokulturowe nie są jednak nowym zjawiskiem, ale współcześnie przeżywają spektakularny renesans. Dzisiaj istnieją dwa państwa, których polityka opiera się na oficjalnie przyjętych założeniach wielokulturowości: Kanada i Australia. Wiele innych krajów między innymi Europy Zachodniej wielokulturowymi się staje, chociaż przywódcy niektórych z nich już ogłosili zmierzch polityki wielokulturowości. Zjawisko wielokulturowości to ważne wyzwanie współczesności, a jego skomplikowaną egzystencję społeczną zobrazujemy przykładem współczesnej Kanady. Czym więc jest wielokulturowość, które to pojęcie coraz częściej gości na ustach nie tylko przedstawicieli różnych dyscyplin naukowych, ale także polityków? Zjawisko, które wzbudza emocje, niekiedy skrajne?

EN

Today’s world is undergoing many processes of global significance. The most important of them are globalization and metropolisation causing, among others, an increase in the number of migrations and the contemporary nomadism. There is a number of reasons why migrations occur, the primary ones including the enormous variation in the level of civilization development that can be observed in various parts of the world. A tangible result of contemporary migrations is the ethnic and cultural diversity of many social spaces, some of which eventually become multicultural. Multicultural spaces are by no means a novel phenomenon, yet they are undergoing a great revival. There are currently two countries whose policies are based on the formally embraced principles of multiculturalism: Canada and Australia. Multiculturalism is a big challenge for today’s world and the example of Canada will be used in this article to show its social complexity.

19

Margaret Atwood’s "The Blind Assassin" as a Social Chronicle of 20th Century Canada

75%

Feldman-Kołodziejuk E.

|

tom 7

EN

The aim of this article is to demonstrate through Margaret Atwood’s novel "The Blind Assassin" the social changes that took place in 20th century Canada. Depicting the fall of a once respected Toronto bourgeois family of Chase, the book covers the period from the early 1900s through World War I, the Depression years, and World War II to the late 1990s. By situating the story of the Chase sisters against the broader backdrop of Canadian history, Atwood presents the transformation from the rigidly divided society of the past into an egalitarian society of the present day Canada. To give "The Blind Assassin" a deeper sense of history the author incorporated into the novel various documents from the past, such as newspaper clippings. Although many of these cuttings are of Atwood’s contriving and were merely inspired by actual events, they allow the author, through the use of pastiche, to poke fun at a number of dominant ideologies of the past and highlight how profound and inevitable the social changes of the last century were.

20

Podwójne wykorzenienie: Losy Japończyków w Kanadzie w czasie drugiej wojny światowej

75%

Wacławik M. P.

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

|

2016

|

tom Białostockie Teki Historyczne, 2016, tom 14

EN

In Poland there has been very little research on Japanese Canadians and their experience of incarceration during the Second World War. Therefore, this paper intends to fill in this gap. In particular, the article aims to examine the reaction of the Canadian government and society towards the Japanese Canadians in the face of the Pacific War. The paper also offers a review of the situation of the Japanese Canadian community in the pre-war Canada and describes the events that preceded and influenced the decision of the federal government to remove the Japanese Canadians from the West Coast. Since the wartime experiences of Japanese Americans and Japanese Canadians were similar, I decided to compare the fate of those two minorities after the Pearl Harbor attack. Also the Canadian policy towards the people of Japanese origin after the war is discussed here.