The funds of the Vatican Secret Archives, which were recently made available, cover the period from 1922 to 1939 (the pontificate of Pope Pius XI). It is an immense amount of archival materials, which are principally engaged in the religious affairs of the interwar period. Among the thousands of pages of documents, the article analyses the view of the Holy See on important political persons of the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1929). The work is an interesting “probe” into interwar Czechoslovakia and illustrates the familiar context with interesting details and brief remarks by the Church hierarchy. The author of this study reveals to what extent opinions and views of the Holy See were relevant in politics in Czechoslovakia and how consistent or changeable they were over time. The work is complemented by numerous references to literature and other sources.
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The study is devoted to relations with Russia and Russophilia as a traditional komponent of Czech nationalist thinking. It summarizes the development of Czech sympathy for the Great War at home, in exile propaganda and among Russian Czechs and later legions. The analysis of the interwar disputes primarily between Masaryk and Edvard Beneš on the one hand, and Kramář on the other hand, concerning relations with the Russian Empire, wartime Russophilia and the problem of their image in interwar Czechoslovakia, which refers to the issue of the political legitimacy of the struggle between the Castle and the right and the existence of two parallel discourses, that of the Castle and that of the right, based on different premises and promoting a different view of the meaning and purpose of the nation-state.
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