The politician, humanist and democrat Alexander Dubček, a leading personality from the Czechoslovak or Prague Spring of 1968, held the position of chairman of the Federal Parliament of the Czecho – Slovak Federal republic from 1990 until the parliamentary elections of June 1992. The parliament, together with the national councils of the Czech and Slovak republics laid the foundations of parliamentary democracy during this period. Dubček, a leading supporter of Czecho – Slovak partnership, had an important role in the political, social and constitutional development of Czecho-Slovakia and its two national republics. He participated in the preparation of a proposed constitution of Czecho-Slovakia and he chaired the Federal Constitution Commission. He took part in many discussions of the national and federal representatives on constitutional questions. He was a supporter of political agreement between representatives, and he also applied this policy in the Federal Parliament. After the parliamentary elections of June 1992, he influenced no longer the development of Czecho-Slovakia.
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The liberal-democratic weekly Pritomnost played a very important role among the Czechoslovak periodicals during the existence of the First Czechoslovak Republic. It helped shape the spiritual and political atmosphere in the country. Its focus could not avoid the relations between Czechs and Slovaks, whose coexistence constituted the main axis of political stability in the new state. From the very beginning these relations were complicated by the idea of 'Czechoslovak Nation' that was intended to compensate for the absence of a 'state-forming nation'. Being weaker partners, the Slovaks viewed this concept as a discriminating factor and felt a need to preserve their national identity. A debate on different aspects of this ideological construction started on the pages of the above weekly. Heavy polemic focused on the notion of what was called 'Czechoslovak language', formally including both Czech and Slovak. However, the whole complex of Czecho-Slovak relations failed to be solved, and in the 1930s the debate on the idea of common Czechoslovak State was pushed into the background by a stronger struggle of the Slovak side for Slovakia's autonomy. Research into the debate may help us better learn the character of the First Czechoslovak Republic as an important stage in the evolution of Czech and Slovak society.
The composer Ján Levoslav Bella (1843 – 1936) maintained close contacts with personalities of Czech musical culture, especially in the years 1868 – 1881 and 1921 – 1936. Tanks to this he took a more intensive interest in Czech literature, which ultimately led to his taking a number of Czech literary models to set to music. The following works are extant: choirs to words by František Sušil (St. Cyril’s Deathbed Prayer) and Adolf Heyduk (Little White Shirt, I’m a Great Lady!), songs for the voice and piano Good Night and To the Singers to words by Eliška Krásnohorská, the opera fragment Jaroslav and Laura according to the verse drama by Václav Pok Poděbradský, and a song for higher bass and orchestra Credo to words by Jaroslav Martinec. The study is centred on analysis of individual works, taking into account the circumstances of their emergence and reception.
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