Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The Effect of Wealth on Consumption Expenditures: Cross Country and Cross Socio-Demographic Group Comparisons

100%

Sierminska E. , Takhtamanova Y.

Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo

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2008

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nr 20

68-95

EN

This study is a contribution to literature on the impact of wealth on consumption (the wealth effect). We assess within- and between-country differences in the housing and financial wealth effect and analyze these differences according to socio-demographic characteristics. Our interest in separating the wealth effect into two is motivated by increases in housing prices in many industrialized countries. The fact that many developed countries are undergoing demographic changes prompted us to consider the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and wealth effects. Differences are found in the magnitudes of financial and housing wealth effects by age, gender, as well as family composition of the households in all three countries. This paper reports some of the first findings based on data from a new source, the Luxembourg Wealth Study (LWS), built within the larger Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). LWS is a database containing harmonized wealth micro-datasets from a number of industrialized countries. In our analysis we use data from three countries: Canada, Finland and Italy.

2

AMERICAN MODELS OF CONSUMPTION

100%

Grzeszczyk E.

|

2004

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tom 48

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nr 4

125-146

EN

The aim of the paper is to analyse the models of consumption which have evolved in the American culture. In the course of the history of the American society several such models co-existed, some of them have always been popular, others emerged at a specific moment of history and evolved into specific forms. Three dominant models of consumption in American culture are discussed: the puritan model (formed under the influence of the protestant ethic), the veblenesque model (consumption as a way of signalling social status) and the model of contemporary hedonist (based on the theory of Colin Campbell). Additionally, each of these models has some variations. The authoress describes certain social groups whose patterns of consumption are characteristic for a given model. The criterion used for differentiating the afore-mentioned models is the dominant motivation inducing an individual to consume in a specific manner. The models of consumption described by the authoressr are characteristic not only for American culture but also for the cultures of advanced capitalism. One can also observe certain analogies in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, undergoing the process of transformation.

3

CONSUMPTION OF FOOD IN POLAND AND EUROPEAN UNION-15 IN YEARS 1993-2008 (Spozycie artykulow zywnosciowych w Polsce w porownaniu ze spozyciem w Unii Europejskiej-15 w latach 1993-2008)

100%

Fajczak-Kowalska A. J. , Motowidlak U. M.

Pieniądze i Więź

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2010

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tom 13

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nr 4(49)

191-199

EN

The article presents consumption of selected foodstuffs in Poland in comparison with consumption in selected countries of the European Union. The article shows changes that have taken place in the volume of consumption in the years 1993-2008. The analysis was based on primary data obtained from GUS and Eurostat, and with the help of descriptive econometric models. The analysis shows that, in relation to food consumption in Poland the overall downward trend should be noted throughout the period. However, in relation to food consumption in the EU countries it can be seen that the average annual consumption of sugar in all the countries remained at an equal level. Cereal consumption is highest in Greece, while it is lowest in the Netherlands. Finland is a country with the highest intake of milk, whereas the inhabitants of Greece consume the lowest amounts of it. Spain, Denmark and France are leading in consumption of meat per capita, while the lowest meat consumption is in Finland.

4

Sesteynovaya ekonomika kak osnova perehoda k sesteynovomu razvitiyu

80%

Melnyk L. G.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2014

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tom 4 (66)

9-23

EN

The concept of “sustainable development” and “sustainable economy” is analyzed. The Russian equivalent “sesteynovy” is suggested for the English term «sustainable». Needed features of SE such as renewable resources base, dematerialization, innovative orientation, close to nature, used processes and cycles, social orientation and so on are analyzed. Such directions for sustainable economy (SE) as (1) transformation of material-energy component; (2) improvement of information programs of economic systems; (3) improvement of synergetic base; (4) increase of self-organization level are formulated. The sustainable consumption as an important component of sustainable economy is studied. A comparative analysis of traditional (industrial) and sustainable economy is given. Preconditions for development of sustainable economy in Ukraine are investigated. Key components for knowledge formation in the field of sustainable economy such as the contents and principles of sustainable development and SE; greener demand and greener supply; social institutes and democratic values as preconditions of SE; anatomy of sustainable consumption; reproduction of human factors for SE; the best EU practices for SE development; future of SE are studied.

5

THE ETHICAL DIMENSION OF CONSUMPTION IN THE LIGHT OF CHALLENGES OF XXI CENTURY (Etyczny wymiar konsumpcji w swietle wyzwan XXI wieku)

80%

Wildowicz-Giergiel A.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2009

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nr 1(41)

3-17

EN

This article is an attempt to look at consumption from an ethical point of view. It highlihts social and ecological consequences of ethical consumption that indispensably accompany the consumption process, which was already discerned in 1970s. In this context the notions of both ethical consumption and ethical consument are formulated. According to such approach the ethical consumer, having taken full moral responsibility for the amount and quality of goods and services which he consumes is able to minimize the side effects which are perceived as a result of an imperfect market mechanism. The ethical premises form the basis for the environmentalism of consumption. The ecological movements, in turn, represented a contribution to the development of the contemporary consumer movement referred to as ethical consumerism. Ethical consumers, considering consumption in terms of ethics, are trying to make consumer decisions taking into account the way in which commodities are manufactured, distributed, used and utilized. The spread of the idea of ethical consumer among societies of developed countries allowed not only the development of a certain kind of ecological consciousness but also contributed to a greater sensitivity to the problem that is inseparably connected with consumption.

6

PLACES NON-PLACES

80%

Nieszczerzewska M.

|

2005

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tom 49

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nr 1

17-36

EN

The article deals with the process of shaping modern city space. The authoress points to the following questions related to the development of post-modern metropolises: suburbanization and the disappearance of city centers, shopping malls as miniature city spaces, fringe cities as exopolis, i.e. reversed cities, and the process of thematization in the streets of famous metropolis. All the above-mentioned spaces called non-cities are characterized by the policy of exclusions, excesses of history produced for the sake of social spectacle and collective consumption. Non-cities are also objects of speculation, major construction, i.e. corporate public spaces.

7

FOOD DEMAND AND CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN THE NEW EU MEMBER STATES: THE CASE OF SLOVAKIA

80%

Cupák A. , Pokrivčák J. , Rizov M.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 4

339 – 358

EN

We estimate a food demand system for Slovakia using a recent Household Budget Survey data collected by the Slovak statistical office covering the period 2004 – 2010. The Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) augmented with demographic, regional and expenditure controls is employed based on preliminary non-parametric Engel curve analysis. Results indicate that demand for dairy products and fruits and vegetables is expenditure and own-price elastic indicating that such goods is perceived as luxuries. On the other hand, commodity bundles such as cereals, meat and fish and other food are found to be normal goods with positive budget elasticity smaller than one and price inelastic demand. Rural and low-income households appear more expenditure and, especially, price sensitive compared with the urban and high-income ones. Overall the food consumption patterns changed and food security situation improved in Slovakia between 2004 and 2010.

8

Rynek środków ochrony roślin w Polsce w latach 2005-2009

80%

Piwowar A.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

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2012

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nr 1(23)

86-93

EN

Chemical pesticides have a very big significance in increasing the efficiency of agricultural production. The aim of this article was to present the market of plant protection products in Poland in 2005-2009, taking into account the changes in supply, demand and prices of pesticides. The article presents the changes in the number of entities engaged in trading of plant protection products in the studied years in Poland.

9

FOOD DEMAND IN THE YEARS 2004-2007

70%

Swietlik K.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

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2007

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nr 3(312)

44-60

EN

Food market is a specific market segment which is very sensitive to the influence of different factors, both economical and environmental ones. The article's thesis is that the factor leading and organizing the market should be the demand, the development of which is closely connected to the general macro-economic situation in the economy. The purpose of the years 2004-2006. Focusing on some basic determinants of this growth, i.e. GDP, global personal income of the population, household income and food prices, the authoress discussed the influence of this factor on the amount of expenditures and quantitative food consumption in the period mentioned, and indicated the directions of food demand expected in 2007.

10

FINANCIAL INTEGRATION BEFORE AND AFTER THE CRISIS: EULER EQUATIONS (RE)VISIT THE EUROPEAN UNION

70%

Globan T. , Soriċ P.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2017

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tom 65

|

nr 3

237 – 262

EN

This paper aims to provide a rare application of several types of Euler equation tests to estimate the degree of financial integration of 28 EU countries with the Eurozone. The analysis is done separately for risk-free and risky assets in three types of financial markets (bond, stock and money markets). To examine whether the recent crisis impacted the levels of financial integration in EU member states, all models were estimated for the entire period of available quarterly data (1995 – 2014), as well as for the pre-crisis period only. We construct an Euler integration index (EII) that measures the integration level of countries across financial markets and show that the old member states (OMS) recorded higher integration levels than the new member states (NMS) in the pre-crisis period. The crisis has considerably decreased the gap, resulting with NMS surpassing the OMS in EII values.

11

BUSINESS CYCLE IN THE ECONOMY OF POLAND. OBSERVATIONS DERIVED FROM MARKOV CHAINS (Cykl koniunkturalny w Polsce. Wnioski z modeli Markowa)

70%

Fic T.

Ekonomista

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2009

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nr 1

49-65

EN

The article concentrates on the attempt to identify phases, turning points and the character of business cycle observed in Poland during 1995 - 2005. The switch-on and -off Markov models suggested by Hamilton (1989) have been applied. The obtained results indicate that during slowdown periods growth rate amounted to 2%, while during business prosperity the economy grew at the rate of 5.5% per year. Three cycles, in which similar cyclic changes in individual consumption, exports and imports as well as in inflation, have been discerned. When capital formation activities and unemployment rate are examined, the analysis points to the operation of only one cycle.

12

PRESADZOVANIE ZÁSAD TRVALO UDRŽATEĽNÉHO ROZVOJA AKO PROCESU PREKONÁVANIA KORISTNÍCKEHO PRINCÍPU V KULTÚRE A INŠTITÚT SPOLOČENSKEJ ZODPOVEDNOSTI FIRIEM

70%

Melkusová H.

Annales Scientia Politica

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2014

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tom 3

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nr 1

52 – 58

EN

The acceptation of the environmental problems leads people towards the promotion of sustainable development as a mean that could help to overcome the predatory principle in the anthropologically orientated Euro-Atlantic culture. An important condition to achieve radical changes is to leave behind the consumption lifestyle and to create the mechanisms that will be able to achieve collective interests. This tendency has been shown in the market economy through the institute of Corporate Social Responsibility. This institute is a manifestation of introducing a certain form of the basic moral principles to the economical practice. CSR accepts the compliance not only of ethical standards and principles, but also social, cultural and environmental requirements for its own production.

13

ECONOMICS OF LUXURY – WHO BUYS LUXURY GOODS?

70%

Rod A. , Rais J. , Schwarz J.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 5

451 – 464

EN

This paper provides an analysis of economics of luxury, more specifically of consumption behaviour focusing on buying luxury goods and their counterfeits. We employ data from own omnibus research in the Czech Republic in a discrete choice model with binary dependent variables and so determine a probability of certain action. Our results imply that people who buy luxury goods could be taken (and are taken) as role models for both supply and demand sides on the market with counterfeits. The data also implies that consumers, who buy luxury goods, buy fake goods as well.

14

RITUAL AND EVERYDAY CONSUMPTION PRACTICES IN THE CZECH AND POLISH COUNTRYSIDE: CONCEIVING MODERNITY THROUGH CHANGING FOOD REGIMES

70%

Haukanes H. , Pine F.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2004

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tom 52

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nr 2

103-121

EN

This article is concerned with consumption, and with ways in which practices. We are particularly interested in ways local preparation and consumption of food may reflect and hence give us insight into ideas and ideologies of tradition and modernity. The material we discuss comes from two former socialist countries, the Czech Republic and Poland. These countries present a particularly interesting field for comparative thinking, as both were part of a particular state-driven modernity project, that of the (post 1945) Soviet Union, and both have had to deal with the failure, and abandonment (post 1989), of that project in favour of another one with very different notions of the modern: western, globally driven, capitalism. So, in some senses, the end of communism has heralded for the people of these countries a shift in understanding of the modern, or of what it means to be modern. For Soviet systems the modern was the plan, represented in scientific socialism's vision of gigantic industrialization, the ambitious collectivization, the regulatory procedures of full (mandatory) employment in exchange for full entitlements to social services. For those living under these systems, however, particularly those in the more ambivalent satellite states such as Czechoslovakia and Poland, there was concurrently a strong emphasis, outside state discourse as well as within it, on tradition. 'Traditional' material culture, practices and ideas operated on at least two levels. On one level, they formed part of the repertoire of the socialist state, in terms of being promoted and sometimes invented in association with the state's claims to legitimacy through evocation of 'pure', even essentialist cultural identities which did not depend on or generate dangerous claims of ethnicity.. On another level, with which we are more concerned in this paper, they were associated with the family, with local identity or belonging, and with the nation. In these latter contexts they frequently served to contest the modernist project associated with external regulation, rules and the machinery of the (intrusive, Soviet directed) state. We focus here particularly on food and consumption as they epitomize changing understandings of what constitutes traditional and modern aesthetics and practices. Any examination of food brings with it at least some consideration of family and kinship. The importance of food in constituting kinship has been demonstrated in many anthropological studies: for example, how kinship is performed through commensality; how generational hierarchy is reflected in the etiquette of meals or more simply in access to or share of food. Food is central in family-life, not only in so-called traditional societies, but also in the Western world; the sharing of food is seen as a key to 'proper family relations' while a perceived evaporation of family meals is portrayed as a threat to the basic structures of society.

15

IDENTITY PROJECT AND CONSUMPTION GOODS (DRAFT OF THEORETICAL FRAME) (Projekt identity a predmety spotreby (teoreticky nacrt vymedzenia problematiky))

70%

Hudakova E.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 3

386-396

EN

The aim of the paper is to put stress on self- identity in a form of life-stories in consumption processes of a person, as a field for further research in frame of not only psychology or marketing sciences, but also consumption anthropology. The authoress tries to assign the influence of life stories on purchasing decision and future purchasing plans of a person to obtain consumption goods he/ she dreams about. The attempt is to show one of the possible explanations for consumer's choice when deciding about a purchase, based on life stories. Those are created in order to provide one's life with unity or purpose to be either kept for one's explanation of life or to communicate one's stories to other people. Concept has the ambition (for now only theoretical) to explain different preferences for consumption goods among people as members of relatively equal social groups and that identity in form of life stories has deeper influence on purchasing decision of a person as the actual social environment one lives in has.

16

Społeczne uwarunkowania gustów i praktyk konsumpcyjnych. Zbieżność pozycji społecznych i stylów życia czy autonomizacja kultury?

60%

Cebula M.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2013

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nr 2(209)

97-125

EN

The article reflects on the relationship between social sphere (social standing) and cultural configurations such as tastes, practices and consumption orientations. It is raised a problem whether traditional sociological concepts (e.g. social position, class membership or status) are still relevant to a description of cultural differentiation or otherwise differences in cultural taste and consumption are losing their grounding in social stratification. As a point of departure three main arguments concerning the relationship between social structure and cultural variables were considered: i.e. a) ‘homology’ argument, b) ‘individualisation’ or ‘neotribalism’ argument, and c) ‘omnivorousness’ argument. The relevance of structuralist approach to consumption is considered from the point of view of Pierre Bourdieu’s social theory. Contrary to some current theories of mass or postmodern culture, the results of analysis sustain the view that traditional social cleavages (including social class) still play an important role in structuring consumption and lifestyles. Consumption and culture serve as a consequential site for the reproduction of social divisions, inequalities and domination.

17

PREMENY ŽIVOTNÉHO ŠTÝLU – SOCIOLOGICKÉ VÝCHODISKÁ A PREDPOKLADY

60%

Chorvát I.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2015

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tom 47

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nr 1

5 – 30

EN

A lifestyle is complicated and ambivalent concept that can be used as a tool for reflecting social change. The operationalization of this concept is rather difficult, and if it is done, the lifestyle is mostly reduced to the spheres of leisure and material consumption. In this article, it is argued that nowadays, when previously solid institutions have become optional, the lifestyle has also been influenced by individual choices in the spheres of paid work and private life. Therefore, the article focuses on a description of changes in four main areas of everyday life that influence individual and group lifestyles in a decisive way: paid work, leisure, consumption, and family and intimate life. These changes indicate that people's lives have become more differentiated, not only through a manifestation of traditional social distinctions (such as income and social status), but to a large extent also through spheres that previously were able to provide people with feelings of stability and certainty.

18

NIEKTORÉ MAKROEKONOMICKÉ SÚVISLOSTI VÝVOJA TRHU S LIEHOVINAMI V SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKE

51%

Válek J. , Zubaľová A.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2014

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tom 62

|

nr 9

975 – 989

EN

A characteristic feature of any excise tax is that it represents a significant component of price-settings. Expectations of the government, related to the change of the tax rate for this type of tax, consists in a presumption of the increased revenues to the state budget, even though it could bring so called lateral shift of the tax. Its impact would be a decrease in a consumption of the other commodities. The aim of article is to highlight some macroeconomic consequences of the Spirit market development in Slovakia, with an emphasis on increasing excise taxes on alcohol, its consumption, production and foreign trade balance. The attention of the authors is drawn to the fact that in addition to the high rate of tax affecting the amount of revenue collected by the state, other factors such as consumer saving, lifestyle change, counter advertising and the introduction of more stringent measures in relation to road traffic as well as pressure on imports of identical commodities from abroad, can equally affect state revenue.

19

SÚVISLOSTI PRÍJMOVEJ STRATIFIKÁCIE POPULÁCIE SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY

51%

Pauhofová I. , Martinák D.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2014

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tom 62

|

nr 8

842 – 860

EN

The paper explores changes in income stratification of Slovak population for determination of the possibility of space “maneuver” for consumption. We analyse the results of the pre-crisis and crisis period. We focus on the macroeconomic framework of the income formation and the space for household consumption and propensity to save. The paper primarily examines the regional dimension of income stratification and focuses on the worst regions and of the availability of incomes in these regions. Differences in income stratification of residents in urban and rural areas and also some differences in the distribution of income between genders are examined. Partial attention is directed to the area of income stratification “silver population” (aging, older and oldest people) because of anticipation of their growing influence in the consumer market of the EU. Analysis uses data based on national accounts data from the Slovak Statistical Office, Eurostat data and administrative data on individual income from Social Insurance Agency in Slovakia.

20

Twórczość w Internecie. Prosumenci, kognitariat, demokratyzacja

51%

Pręgowski M. P. , Juza M.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

|

2011

|

tom 47

|

nr 4(190)

701-709

EN

Academic considerations regarding creativity and the status of authors in the 21st century cannot miss such important field as the Internet and corresponding new technologies. The aim of this article is to track and describe the social change in regard to creativity and its effects. The authors describe key contemporary theoretic approaches regarding the concept of creativity, pointing out that new social formations profit from the (re)democratization of the creative process thanks to popularization and common access to the Internet. The paper deals with such issues as democratization of creativity online, participatory culture and participatory inequity. The authors outline why those who actively create cultural goods online – the elite, now called the digitariat, the prosuments or the netocrats – are of special interest these days.