It is concluded that it is necessary to monitor the influent toxicity on-line in order to optimise and control such processes. A cheap and rugged on-line toxicity monitor can be realised in the form of an fiber optoc toxicity sensor based on fluorogenic compounds.
The complexity of biological systems, and the explosion of the quantity of biological information which is rapidly becoming available from experimental and clinical studies, necessitate the use of theoretical tools, namely, mathematical and computational modeling. The vertebrate adaptive immune system, with its learning and memory capabilities, is a particularly rich source of modeling challenges. Most difficult within this area is the study of lymphocyte repertoires ? the generation of their diversity and the forces that shape the ever-changing dynamics of lymphocyte clones. I review several examples of problems in lymphocyte repertoire modeling, demonstrate the types of solutions employed, and highlight the contribution of these theoretical studies to immunological research.
The concept of the statistical control chart was developed in 1924 by W. A. Shewhart. The control chart is a graphical display of a quality characteristic such as sample mean, standard deviation or range. The classical control charts are constructed under such assumptions as the form of distribution and independence, and the normality of the distribution is usually assumed. In many situations we may have reason to doubt the validity of the independence assumption – for example, in chemical processes where consecutive measurements on process characteristics are often highly correlated. The paper presents a proposal for a control chart for monitoring auto-correlated processes. The properties of this control chart were analysed in a Monte Carlo study.
The complex phenomena in a global knowledge-based society and economy are causing difficulties in understanding by conventional modes. The economists should consequently analyse new phenomena. They need to build new theories and disseminating them to wide community. New results in cognitive sciences and progressing ICT, advances in applied informatics and computational intelligence there are arising new opportunities for a dialogue with mental models and theories in the economic sciences. In economics the creation of virtual laboratories and of simulation experimentation with them is useful, for the author uses name “Economic Softbot”. He refers to the dialogue with such softbots as storytelling. The topic of the essay belongs to the class of emergent research/education/learning technologies. Their innovative power is in the dominance of constructive upon instructive approaches and based on holistic qualitative perception of the various complexities.
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