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Znaczenie zaufania w procesie komercjalizacji badań naukowych

100%

Makowiec M. , Szeląg-Sikora A. , Cupiał M.

nr 1

11-124

The paper analyzes the issues related to the problems of commercialization of research and the importance of trust between the partners between science and economy. Commercialization of research, in a broad sense, means all activities related to the transfer of knowledge to economic practice. This process cannot properly take place in conditions of limited confidence of the participating entities. Commercialization is an inherent and

Innowacyjność jako postulat całożyciowego uczenia się

88%

Jurzysta K. , Staszewicz M.

tom R. 2012

170-187

Lifelong learning is one of the long-term strategic objectives of the European Union. The concept has evolved from an academic theory into an essential part of the performance and development of companies, institutions, organizations and individuals with various levels of education, age and work experience. Innovative research and development projects and their transfer to the real economy play a special role in that concept. This paper presents Renewed European Agenda for Adult Learning for years 2012 -2014. It points out the areas and the role of innovative research in the development of the knowledge-based economy. The paper lays out ways to promote innovation and facilitate commercialization of scientific research and discusses the main barriers (i.e. lack of talents, insufficient protection of intellectual property rights, complex procedures, low research spending). It also presents the list of innovation and entrepreneurship hubs in Poland.

GLOBALIZATION OF SPACECRAFT INDUSTRY: TENDENCIES AND PROSPECTS

88%

Dyachuk I.

2008

nr 2

12-24

The economic role of the spacecraft industry can be adequately judged only when it is regarded as a value added chain. A considerable segment of this chain is related with services, which value may exceed tenfold the value of space techniques. The current developments in the spacecraft industry were predetermined by the series of changes at the end of XX century, such as slowing down of the economic growth with budgetary pressures on relevant R&D, the increasing influence of globalization with the growing competitive pressure at relevant markets, liberalization leading to deregulation of spacecraft services and privatization, technological advancements etc. New political and economic conditions refocused resources of the spacecraft industry on commercial objectives. Commercial segments in the spacecraft industry, which have proved their commercial capacity and are expected to grow, are satellite communication, remote probing and geographic information systems. Other ideas concern spacecraft advertising, orbital platforms for electric energy transmission to the Earth and for use of microwave technology for energy transmission. High technology level and complexity of new products/services offered by the spacecraft industry evolve demand for specialized services (engineering, business consulting, technical supply, financial and legal services, insurance, printing & publishing) allowing new companies to have a segment at the spacecraft market. Also, the spacecraft industry can bring by-side benefits, such as technology transfer.