Fifteen years ago in 1990, the Code of Canons of Oriental Churches was promulgated by Pope John Paul II. This study introduces the Czech translation of the Principles of 1974 to guide the revision process of the code according to the mind of the Second Vatican Council and the ancient eastern traditions. A few historical comments introduce the preparation of the oriental codification since the Vatican Council I to the Vatican Council II. The outline of the Code of 1990 completes the article with some suggestions for further studies
In the paper the author pays attention to how A. Christie in particular texts rewrites the fixed codes of the detective genre by their variations. For instance in the 'Murder on the Orient Express', she symmetrically turns the code of the detective story: a criminal used to be found as one of the persons from the closed circle of suspicious people - in case of the Orient Express - each of those who took part in the case are the criminals except the one who was considered to be a suspicious. In the story 'The Murder of Roger Ackroyd' the murderer is a narrator, who concealed his crime (that course was not new: before Christie it had been used by Cechov, M. Leblanc a S. Elvestad). In 'The A.B.C. Murders', Christie first simulated the method typical for the criminal genre, than the text finally resulted in the detective story according to all literary rules. She also introduced 'topoi' of camouflaging murders later used many times in the detective stories. We can follow up further plots in the texts transforming the mentioned proto-text of A. Christie (M. P. Schaffer, J. Symons, A. Kristof, F. Vargas).
The organizational and legal issues regulating the movement of goods through the Ukrainian border by the business entities are described in the article. The practical implementation of foreign economic activity of business entities within the Customs Code of Ukraine contributed to increasing the volume of exports and imports to Ukraine to 57.2 billion US dollars and to 69.9 billion US dollars respectively for the ten months of 2012. It is proved that during the five years after Ukraine's accession to the WPA, an increase of import and a reduction of export in the domestic production are observed on the domestic market of the state. The positive implementation of customs clearance documents in an electronic way is emphasized, the simplified organizational and technical components of customs operations, the examples of companies, and customs documents in electronic form are given as examples. The ways of further improvement of customs enforcement activities of business entities in the connection with the increasing possibility of Ukraine international contracts, which are aimed at improving transport and other infrastructure in border areas of the state are suggested. The questions of the protection of national interests in the determination of the time and conditions at the end of import operations, the strengthening of the control over compliance with the currency legislation and completeness of tax declaration by the importing companies are put.
The paper deals with the problematic relation between word and image as articulated by Claude Lévi-Strauss’s and Roland Barthes. Occasionally, both of them analysed this relation. Lévi-Strauss was convicted, that the principle of double articulation, discovered by structural linguistics, can be applied even on fine art, although he acknowledged, that the principle doesn’t operate universally. Early Barthes was a persuaded supporter of semiology built on structural linguistics base. That led him to a privilege verbal language among other semantic systems. For him as well as for other French structuralists, verbal language was a system mixed with other system, which makes the understanding of rituals, military commands, pictograms, images etc. possible. Later, he made substantial amendments, which led him to accepting the irreducible autonomy of image and its independence of language.
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Vševlad Jozef Gajdoš contributed significantly to the preservation of Slovak historic libraries. His study of library collections enabled him to discover several unique pieces written in Croatian Glagolitic (The Hlohovec Glagolitic Letters and The Svätý Anton (Báč) Fragment). The Hlohovec Glagolitic Letters contain texts from the missal written in the 14th century. The Svätý Anton (Báč) Fragment is a fragment of the Croatian-Glagolitic Breviary, which originated in the 15th century. In the collections of the Apponyi Library in Oponice, Vševlad Jozef Gajdoš discovered a reference about a Slavonic Code that was part of the Medici Library collection (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana) in Florence. He established that the Code was written in Croatia in the 14th century and it contains an incomplete breviary along with ritual, as well as a translation of the sequence Dies irae.
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