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  3. 9 Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
  4. 6 Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
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  1. 8 Sładek J.
  2. 7 Ratajczyk E.
  3. 5 Gąska A.
  4. 4 Gapiński B.
  5. 4 Glazowski P.
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1
Content available Badania porównawcze w wyznaczaniu dokładności CMM za pomocą wybranych wzorców długości
100%
Zawacki M. , Ratajczyk E.
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
|
2010
|
tom R. 56, nr 1
80-81
PL
Przeprowadzono badania, mające na celu sprawdzenie możliwości zastosowania nowej metody sprawdzania dokładności współrzędnościowych maszyn pomiarowych (CMM) w odniesieniu do metody klasycznej. W nowej metodzie dokładność CMM określana jest na podstawie pomiaru przemieszczenia elementu optycznego wchodzącego zarazem w skład układu interferometru laserowego. Zastosowanie interferometru pozwala na sprawdzenie dokładności CMM na dowolnie długich odcinkach pomiarowych w przeciwieństwie do obecnie używanych wzorców końcowych tzn. płytek wzorcowych, których długość nie przekracza jednego metra.
EN
The conception of an accuracy test for Coordinate Measuring Machine with use of a laser interferometer is presented. In this method [1, 2] the CMM accuracy is evaluated basing on the displacement of an optics element (Fig. 1.) which is a part of the interferometer system. Interferometer allows checking the CMM accuracy along an unlimited distance in contrary to the most popular gauge blocks which are no longer than one meter. A cube corner fixed in the special adapter (Fig. 2.) was used as an artifact. Repeatability of measurements of the cube corner was checked on CMM ACCURA made by C.Zeiss manufacturer, CMM was equipped with a VAST Gold central head probe. The measurement results of the reference sphere and cube corner are shown in Fig. 3. The experiment results confirm that a cube corner can be used as the measurement artifact for coordinates measuring machines. It also works very well as a mirror in the interferometer system. The cube corner measurement repeatability (0.2 žm) is similar to that reached during measurements of the reference sphere (0.4 žm). The methods was also checked during the accuracy test for the ZEISS ACCURA CMM. The results are presented in Fig. 4. The differences between the measurements of the gauge block and cube corner change from -0.8 to 0.6 žm. In the future research it will be important to assess all factors which can influence the accuracy of this method during the CMM length measurement test.
2
Content available Model kinetyczny przetwornika pasywnych głowic skaningowych CMM
100%
Krajewski G. , Woźniak A.
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
|
2010
|
tom R. 56, nr 1
50-51
PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę teoretyczną budowy przetwornika głowic skaningowych pasywnych stosowanych do pomiarów w technice współrzędnościowej. W efekcie podjętych prac autorzy otrzymali wstępny model dynamiczny pracy głowic, który może posłużć do kompensacji ich błędów powstałych na skutek zwiększenia prędkości pomiarowej.
EN
Scanning probes, also known as measuring probes, are one of the most often used equipment of coordinate measuring machines (CMM) owing to ability of collecting large number of measuring points as well as taking fast measurements. High speed of measurements and high accuracy of the measuring system are two critical parameters deciding about the machine effectiveness. Dynamics is the most significant factor limiting the measurement accuracy. In most investigations of scanning CMM there is not separated the probing system performance from other sources of the machine errors, so the true error influenced by the probing system is not profoundly determined. This paper presents the scanning probe model regardless of the machine links. The worked out model allows for better understanding of the probing process with higher speed and optimising the measuring process. The future works will aim at proposing optimisation algorithms and applying them to the probing system as well as obtaining improvement in the accuracy.
3
Content available The use of Gage R&R in suitability analysis of a CMM used at FAMOT Pleszew
94%
Michalski R. , Wieczorowski M. , Gapiński B. , Glazowski P.
Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials
|
2020
|
tom Vol. 40
1--6
EN
The subject of the article is the suitability analysis of a measuring system, specifically the Zeiss MMZ T 20 30 16 coordinate-measuring machine utilizing an extended procedure. The article outlines the measurement preparation process and presents the research station as well as the procedure for determining Repeatability & Reproducibility (R&R).
4
Content available Ants Colony Optimisation of a Measuring Path of Prismatic Parts on a CMM
94%
Stojadinovic S. M. , Majstorovic V. D. , Durakbasa N. M. , Sibalija T. V.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
|
2016
|
tom Vol. 23, nr 1
119--132
EN
This paper presents optimisation of a measuring probe path in inspecting the prismatic parts on a CMM. The optimisation model is based on: (i) the mathematical model that establishes an initial collision-free path presented by a set of points, and (ii) the solution of Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) obtained with Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO). In order to solve TSP, an ACO algorithm that aims to find the shortest path of ant colony movement (i.e. the optimised path) is applied. Then, the optimised path is compared with the measuring path obtained with online programming on CMM ZEISS UMM500 and with the measuring path obtained in the CMM inspection module of Pro/ENGINEER® software. The results of comparing the optimised path with the other two generated paths show that the optimised path is at least 20% shorter than the path obtained by on-line programming on CMM ZEISS UMM500, and at least 10% shorter than the path obtained by using the CMM module in Pro/ENGINEER®.
5
Content available Towards the development of feature - based ontology for Inspection Planing System on CMM
94%
Stojadinovic S. M. , Majstorovic V. D.
Journal of Machine Engineering
|
2012
|
tom Vol. 12, No. 1
89--98
EN
The paper define the basic geometrical primitives as classes of Engineering Ontology in order to develop feature - based ontology for Inspection Planning System for CMM. The process of acquisition the properties of individuals and properties of classes is proposed, as one of the main components of Engineering Ontology suitable for implementation in the software for development the ontology - Protégé. The proposed method describes derived geometrical characteristics or characteristics that are measured on the mechanical part. The results indicate that further development of methodology for Engineering Ontology is justified in the field of production metrology and implementation in the appropriate software.
6
Content available Sharing Experiences
94%
Schenk K.
Advanced Technologies in Mechanics
|
2015
|
tom Vol. 2, no. 3 (4)
31--34
EN
Companies repeatedly determine that not all purchase parts fit exactly despite extensive specifications and controlled production. For fear of expensive recalls and complaints, many companies therefore go on the offensive and check all purchased parts despite extensive measurement reports. Many companies would be able to skip this time-consuming, resource-intensive work by having the measuring process of their suppliers checked and certified by external experts.
7
Content available Analysis of measured workpiece’s form errors influence on the accuracy of probe heads used on five-axis measuring systems
94%
Harmatys W. , Gąska A. , Gruza M. , Gąska P. , Sładek J.
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
|
2017
|
tom Vol. 11, no 4
305--310
EN
The five-axis measuring systems are one of the most modern inventions in coordinate measuring technique. They are capable of performing measurements using only the rotary pairs present in their kinematic structure. This possibility is very useful because it may cause significant reduction of total measurement time and costs. However, it was noted that high values of measured workpiece’s form errors may cause significant reduction of the accuracy of a five-axis measuring system. The investigation on the relation between these two parameters was conducted in this paper and possible reasons of decrease in measurement accuracy was discussed on the example of measurements of workpieces with form errors ranging from 0,5 to 1,7 millimetre.
8
Content available Coordianate measurment systems CMM and CMA – characteristic and methods of their accuracy evaluation
94%
Kupiec M.
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
|
2012
|
tom Vol. 6, nr 16
18--23
EN
The article presents the conception of coordinate measurement. The characteristic of two systems (Coordinate Measuring Machine – CMM and Coordinate Measuring Arm – CMA) which are based on this measurement is also shown. Further on their construction, working principle, application, advantages and disadvantages are described. Finally, the methods of accuracy evaluation of these devices are presented and compared.
9
Content available One dimensional kinetic model of CMM passive scanning probes
94%
Krajewski G. , Woźniak A.
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
|
2009
|
tom Vol. 3, No. 4
172-174
EN
Scanning probes, also known as measuring probes, are one of the most used solution for coordinate measuring machines (CMM), because of ability to collect large amount of measuring points as well as fast measurements. Fast measurement and accuracy of measuring system have recently determined two critical parameters which decide about effectiveness of the machine. Dynamic is the most significant factor limiting accuracy of measurement. Majority of research into scanning CMM does not separate the performance of the probing system from the other error sources of the machines, so a real error influenced by the probing system is not deeply determined. This paper presents the scanning probe model regardless the machine links. Determined model makes possible to better understand the probing process with higher speeds and optimize the measuring process. Finally (future work), optimization algorithms will be proposed and applied to the probing system and the result will be improved accuracy.
10
Content available Axis location and scale factors estimation for three-axis machines from periodic performance checks with laser distance measurements - risks and opportunities
94%
Nafi A. , Łoś A. , Mayer J. R. R.
Journal of Machine Engineering
|
2010
|
tom Vol. 10, No. 4
89--99
EN
Users of coordinate measuring machine and large gantry machines need to ensure the volumetric performance of their machines in order to inspect, or machine, mechanical parts with precision. In the case of CMMs, the ASME B89.4.10360.2-2008 document imposes seven directions for a volumetric check. These directions offer some redundancy for axis location (out-of-squarenesses) and scale factor estimation. The paper looks at the opportunity of using the data for immediate machine correction and the risks involved. In particular, the fact of using test data for calibration and verification, the potential contamination from non-modelled motion errors and the representativity of the estimated parameters are considered. Experimental results obtained using laser interferometry on a LEGEX CMMs are used to present the main concepts.
11
Content available Wybór strategii pomiarowej w kontroli konstrukcji spawanych z wykorzystaniem ramion pomiarowych
94%
Tyka A. , Góralczyk A.
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
|
2010
|
tom R. 56, nr 1
78-79
PL
W artykule przedstawiono problemy związane z wyborem strategii pomiarowej w odniesieniu do kontroli wymiarów geometrycznych spawanych konstrukcji zespołów jezdnych pojazdów szynowych. Konstrukcje te, ze względu na znaczne wymiary można zaliczyć do obiektów wielkogabarytowych. Ich cechą szczególną są wysokie wymagania dokładnościowe wynikające z niewielkich wartości tolerancji niektórych wymiarów geometrycznych. Dokonano analizy wpływu wyboru strategii pomiarowej z wykorzystaniem współrzędnościowego ramienia pomiarowego, którego właściwości metrologiczne, obejmujące statystyczne charakterystyki błędów pomiarów w sposób doraźny rozpoznano z wykorzystaniem typowych procedur badawczych oraz opracowanych wzorców kontrolnych. Wykorzystano procedury kontrolne zalecane przez normę ASME dedykowaną dla WRP.
EN
Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine (AACMM) belongs to a group of hybrid construction machines. These machines are commonly used for inspections of large elements. Their construction imposes a specific measurement strategy. Choice of a proper strategy might result in significant improvement in measurement results and error minimising. Some problems of the measurement strategy are presented in Paragraph 2. There are also given the results obtained from examinations of two different AACMMs in Fig. 1 and Table 1. The problems dealing with choice of the proper strategy and factors influencing it are presented in Paragraph 3. Railway sets and their measurements are used as an example of large objects. Comparison of two AACMMs is performed. The final conclusions are formulated in Paragraph 4.
12
Content available Assessment of the impact of probe head hysteresis on the accuracy of five-axis coordinate measuring systems
94%
Gąska P. , Gruza M. , Gąska A. , Harmatys W. , Sładek J.
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
|
2017
|
tom Vol. 11, no 3
277-282
EN
One of the factors affecting the accuracy of Coordinate Measuring Systems is hysteresis of a probe head. It is important especially in case of touch trigger probes and should be taken into account during the determination of probing strategy. In this article, the authors try to assess how this phenomenon affects the accuracy of five axis coordinate systems which utilize articulating probe head. Such systems allow to measure point coordinates using rotary movements of the head what introduces changes to the probing process. The experiments presented in this paper are based on multiple measurements of the reference elements such as gauge blocks and standard ring.
13
Content available remote The application of coordinate measuring machines in the garment industry
94%
Lukic S. A. , Rakic M. J.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Włókiennictwo / Politechnika Łódzka
|
2000
|
tom z. 59
189-194
EN
By measuring of the dummy-model it is possible to obtain data for making its virtual model which enables simulating the dummies having different dimensions. The dummy measuring can be conducted by using either contact or contactless methods. The contact methods are assumed to be direct measuring the dummy dimensions and among the contactless methods are worth mentioning stereophotogravimetry and three-dimensional scanning. In this study the contact measuring methods were used by application of coordinate measuring machine. Sections of the dummy obtained by measuring were used as the input data for forming interpolative polynomial. AutoCAD software was applied for the calculation of surface model of the dummy, modeling of wire model as well as surface model. Analysis of obtained "wire model" shows that it is possible to provide dummies having remaining garment sizes by using procedure of geometrical transformations. An object of this study was to answer to a question if it is possible to apply CMM in the garment industry.
14
Content available An analysis of influence of sampling strategy and scanning speed on estimation of straightness and flatness deviations with CMMs
94%
Stępień K.
Advanced Technologies in Mechanics
|
2015
|
tom Vol. 2, no. 2 (3)
2--8
EN
The paper deals with the problem of influence of scanning speed and measuring strategy on results of flatness and straightness deviations with CMMs. The straightness was studied for various numbers of sampling points and for various scanning speeds. The flatness was investigated for various measurement paths and for various levels of scanning speeds. The results of the study indicate that applied measurement speed and selected measurement path can change obtained results very significantly.
15
Content available Determination of influence of the parameters connected with the stabilization of the position on the 5-axis manipulators’ operation accuracy
94%
Gaska A. , Harmatys W. , Gruza M. , Gaska P. , Sladek J.
Journal of Machine Engineering
|
2018
|
tom Vol. 18, No. 2
54--63
EN
The 5-axis systems, especially those that use in their kinematic chain both prismatic joints and revolute kinematic pairs are gaining popularity in many scientific disciplines with manufacturing, metrology and robotics at the forefront. This is therefore important to undertake research aiming in identification of sources of inaccuracies in their functioning and investigation on possibility of eliminating or compensating them. A significant impact on 5-axis kinematic structures accuracy may be assigned to parameters associated with the stabilization of the machine position and angular position, such as position stabilization time, position overshoot and drift of positioning accuracy. These parameters are well described in ISO 9283 standard related to performance criteria and test methods for industrial robots. The methodology presented in this standard is adapted for testing the impact of mentioned parameters for functioning of 5-axis kinematic structures other than industrial robots, which mainly include five-axis coordinate measuring systems and machine tools. A series of experiments performed on five-axis coordinate measuring system is presented in this paper, their results are assessed in a quantitative manner and basing on them a general algorithm for assessing the significance of impact of position stabilization parameters on functioning of the manipulator is proposed.
16
Content available remote Wpływ długości trzpienia pomiarowego-na błędy pomiarów wykonywanych na maszynach współrzędnościowych. Cz. 1
84%
Glazowski P. , Michalski R.
Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie
|
2020
|
tom nr 7-8
58--66
PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę wpływu długości trzpienia pomiarowego na dopuszczalny błąd graniczny (MPE – Maximum Permissible Error) współrzędnościowej maszyny pomiarowej Zeiss MMZ M. Wyznaczono parametry EL, MPE oraz R0, MPE dla maszyny współrzędnościowej Zeiss MMZ M z użyciem trzpieni o wybranych długościach oraz przeanalizowano uzyskane wyniki w celu określenia wprowadzanych przezeń błędów. Proces pomiaru oparto na wytycznych zawartych w normie ISO 10360-2, a program przygotowano w środowisku programowym Zeiss Calypso. Wzorcem użytym w badaniach był stopniowy liniał pomiarowy certyfikowany świadectwem DKD.
EN
The article presents an analysis of the impact of the stylus length on the Maximum Permissible Error (MPE) of the Zeiss MMZ M coordinate measuring machine. The EL, MPE and R0, MPE parameters were determined on a Zeiss MMZ M coordinate measuring machine using selected mandrel lengths and the obtained results were analyzed to determine the errors it introduces. The measurement process was based on the ISO 10360-2 standard, and the program was prepared in the Zeiss Calypso programming environment. The standard used in the tests was a graded measuring ruler certified with a DKD certificate.
17
Content available remote Badanie świadomości użytkowania narzędzia klasy CMMs na przykładzie wybranego przedsiębiorstwa
84%
Szulc T. , Loska A. , Wieczorek A.
Mechanik
|
2011
|
tom R. 84, nr 7(CD)
869-876
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań dotyczących poziomu świadomości oferowanych funkcji, akceptacji wdrożonego rozwiązania oraz oczekiwań użytkowników wobec systemu wspomagającego działania obsługowo-naprawcze w wybranym przedsiębiorstwie wodociągowym.
EN
The article presents the results of research related to the level of consciousness of offered functions, acceptance of implemented solution and expectations of users regarding the system supporting maintenance activities in selected water company.
18
Content available Korekcja odchyłek obróbkowych profili krzywoliniowych wytwarzanych na frezarkach CNC
84%
Czerech Ł. , Werner A.
Postępy Nauki i Techniki
|
2011
|
tom nr 6
104-112
PL
Wytwarzanie elementów na obrabiarkach sterowanych numerycznie jest techniką bardzo prężnie rozwijającą się i wykorzystywaną do produkcji różnych komponentów w wielu gałęziach przemysłu. Produkowane współcześnie obrabiarki charakteryzują się konstrukcją umożliwiającą uzyskanie wysokiej dokładności geometrycznej maszyny. Niestety najlepiej skonstruowana i wykonana obrabiarka z powodu zmiennego środowiska pracy lub zużycia elementów współpracujących, często nie jest w stania stawić czoła wysokim wymaganiom dokładnościowym produkowanych elementów. W artykule zaprezentowana została metodyka off-line korekcji błędów obróbkowych Opracowana metoda korekcji pozwala na wykonanie komponentów z większą dokładnością niż w przypadku tradycyjnego podejścia.
EN
The manufacture of components on numerically controlled machines is very rapidly developing technique and it is used for production of various components in many industrial sectors. Currently produced machine tools are characterized by construction that allow to achieve high geometrical accuracy. Unfortunately, best designed and constructed machine tool in addition to the variable work environment or wear of associated components, is unable to face the above-mentioned requirements. In this paper was presented off-line correction of machining errors methodology. The elaborated correction method allows to part manufacture with greater accuracy than in traditional approaches.
19
Content available Wpływ elementu odniesienia na wynik pomiaru okręgu na CMM
84%
Gapiński B. , Kołodziej A. , Grzelka M.
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
|
2012
|
tom R. 16, nr 4
78-81
PL
Współrzędnościowa technika pomiarowa rozwija się dynamicznie od wielu lat. Dziś jest reprezentowana przez szereg urządzeń, takich jak współrzędnościowe maszyny pomiarowe czy skanery optyczne. Przy pomocy tych urządzeń dokonuje się pomiarów współrzędnych punktów reprezentujących mierzony obiekt. Następnie, stosując odpowiednie oprogramowanie komputerowe, wykonywane są obliczenia pozwalające na ocenę zmierzonych obiektów. Wśród najczęściej kontrolowanych elementów są otwory i wałki reprezentowane przez pojedynczy przekrój, czyli okrąg. W zależności od przyjętej strategii możliwy jest pomiar impulsowy lub ciągły (skaningowy). Następnym krokiem jest dobór elementu odniesienia, który pozwala na obliczenie parametrów elementu integralnego skojarzonego, jakim w rozpatrywanym przypadku jest okrąg zastępczy, oraz elementu pochodnego zastępczego, jakim w tym przypadku jest środek okręgu. Możliwe jest również wyznaczenie odchyłki kształtu na podstawie punktów pomiarowych oraz okręgu zastępczego. Zgodnie z normą ISO/TS 12181, do oceny parametrów okręgu możliwe jest stosowanie jednego z czterech elementów odniesienia. Możliwość zastosowania różnych elementów zastępczych oraz różnej liczby punktów pomiarowych wpływa na uzyskane wyniki pomiaru. W artykule przedstawiono wpływ strategii pomiarowej na uzyskiwane rezultaty, a także zalecenia wpływające na uzyskiwanie poprawnych metrologicznie rezultatów.
EN
Coordinate measuring technique has been developed strongly for many years. Today this technique is represented by a number of devices, such as coordinate measuring machines and optical scanners. Using these devices coordinates of points that represent the object are measured. Then, in order to valuate geometry of the measured object, calculations with appropriate computer software are performed. Some of the most often controlled elements are holes and shafts, represented by a single section or a circle. Depending on the adopted strategy there are possible pulsing or continuous (scanning) measurement. The next step is to select a reference element, which allows to calculate parameters of an integral associated element. In considered case, this is a circle component replacement. What is more, the derivative component replacement (in this case it is the centre of the circle) is determined. On the basis of both measurement points and the circle replacement, shape deviations might be evaluated. In accordance with ISO/TS 12181 to estimate parameters of the circle it is recommended to use one of four reference elements. The opportunity of applying alternative reference elements and different number of points affect measurement results. The aim of this paper is to present the influence of measurement strategy on the obtained results, and recommendations about how to get metrologically correct measurement results.
20
Content available Pomiary cech geometrycznych przedmiotów obrotowo - symetrycznych
84%
Grzelka M. , Gapiński B. , Marciniak L. , Wieczorowski M. , Matliński K. , Olszewska I.
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
|
2010
|
tom R. 56, nr 1
35-37
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań różnych wariantów szybkiego pomiaru elementów obrotowo - symetrycznych z wykorzystaniem współrzędnościowej maszyny pomiarowej oraz specjalizowanych urządzeń pomiarowych stykowych i optycznych. Skrócenie czasu pomiaru, przy jednoczesnym zapewnieniu metrologicznej poprawności uzyskiwanych rezultatów, możliwe jest dzięki opracowaniu odpowiedniej strategii pomiarowej oraz wprowadzeniu własnych rozwiązań np. konstrukcja kła mocującego.
EN
The goal of the presented paper is to work out the measurement strategy with a shortened measurement time but ensuring the required measurements accuracy of round symmetrical details. Nowadays the customer requirements are very high and they force the producers to improve the manufacturing methods and quality control systems. It refers also to the motor and aerospace industry. All details of a truck or a plane have to work long without failures. Therefore, the attention is paid to the accuracy of each responsible detail. The Company FOS POLMO Łódź SA and the Institute of Mechanical Engineering (Poznan University of Technology) have started the joined research program on the strategies of quick and accurate measurements of round symmetrical details. The research is based on the CMM and specialized measuring devices. The appropriate software provides the processing of the obtained data and the possibility to create a correction file for the machining center. It is crucial, however, to work out the measurement strategy with shorter measuring time but ensuring the needed accuracy. As a result of the investigations, the recommendations are formulated, which will lead to rise in the effectiveness and competitiveness of the POLMO Company.
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