Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The Formation and Effects of Clusters in the European Union

100%

Pilarska C.

Argumenta Oeconomica Cracoviensia

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2012

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nr 8

97-126

EN

The article describes issues connected with the functioning of clusters in the EU, which is not homogenous in this matter. The EU-15 countries vastly exceed the newly accepted EU countries both in terms of the number of functioning clusters, their degree of development and their level of technological advancement. This article consists of five parts, which, among other things, define a cluster and present factors that are decisive in the formation of these structures and the stages of their formation. The article also focuses on the effects of cluster functioning in the EU, particularly in the context of their influence on employment, innovativeness and revenue generated. In the study the role of public authorities in forming and functioning of cluster structures in the EU area is also emphasised.

2

CLUSTERING IN THE ECONIMIC DEVELOPMENT OF POLAND (Powiazania klastrowe w procesie gospodarczego rozwoju Polski)

80%

Szostek D. J.

Pieniądze i Więź

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2009

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tom 12

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nr 3(44)

EN

Cluster is a group of spatially concentrated enterprises and institutions linked by a net of interrelations that are very often informal. The aim of the cluster is to use concentrated resources to reach permanent competitive advantage. In a cluster enterprises can reach synergy effect and better results than alone. It is possible thanks to many advantages of clusters such as: less bureaucracy, more investments, more innovations and the possibility to get grants from the EU. In the article the author presents the figures from desk research conducted on enterprises located in the east of Poland. The figures let us look ahead with optimism, because a large number of these enterprises see advantages in creating clusters.

3

Polityka rozwoju klastrów w województwie podlaskim – dotychczasowe doświadczenia i kierunki rozwoju

80%

Klimczuk-Kochańska M.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2012

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nr 4(58)

155-173

EN

The development of clusters is part of the process of deindustrialisation of the economy. However, there is a scarcity of guidelines for future management aimed at the creation of new efficient structures of this type. In other words, a lack of clear policies of cluster development can be observed in most countries and regions. This is partly justifiable, as the development of enterprises, and the establishment of cooperation between firms, is largely dependent on the specific economic, social and legal conditions of individual countries, and these can vary widely from one state to another. The author attempts to analyse the cluster development policy carried out in Podlaskie Voivodeship, which is among Europe’s most challenged regions. The analysis is based on the guidelines for cluster development proposed by S.A. Rosenfeld.

4

THE SIGNIFICANCE OD BORDERS FOR THE FLOW OF CAPITAL

80%

Goetz M.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2008

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nr 3(328)

170-179

EN

The article is an attempt to trace the changing role of international borders in the international flow of capital in the form of direct foreign investments (DFI). Borders understood in the conventional sense as factors hindering a free migration of investments (disruption of optimal allocation) but at the same time also vindicating the existence of many capital flows (the motive of availing oneself of broadly understood differences) seem to be losing significance. However, what is being observed is the growing role of informal, 'soft' and tacit borders that render the making of full profit impossible. They can be particularly painful in the case of knowledge-seeking investments made in clusters. Narrow specialization accompanied by a hermetic character of many such clusters is a major barrier in the activity of foreign business entities. Contrary to state borders, this barrier cannot be lifted by means of imposed administrative decisions.

5

Klaster jako forma organizacyjna współpracy gospodarczej opartej na wiedzy

80%

Łukasik P. , Potocki A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2011

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nr 871

45-57

EN

This article describes the role of clusters in knowledge sharing. It presents a general theory of clusters including a definition, types of clusters, and ways of setting them up. The main part of the article concentrates on: – the knowledge creation process in a cluster, described using SECI model, – cluster typology.The article is based on the study of both Polish and foreign literature.

6

CREATING OF CLUSTERS RELATIONS CAPITAL (Budowanie kapitalu relacji w klastrach)

80%

Buszko A. , Wierzbicka W.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2009

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nr 1(41)

34-46

EN

The aim of this paper is to present the role of clusters as an important factor in region's intellectual capital. Special attention was paid to relations capital which develops the intellectual capital not only in the region but in the company as well. The clusters play a very important role in company development in a way of gathering different kinds of organizations, stimulate innovation and help to maintain the relations. The net of clusters connection is based upon the human capital (relation) that helps to create new and more effective relations. The effects are not related to the members of the cluster but to the business environment as well. This relations capital is very important for intellectual regional assets and determines competitiveness.

7

THE ROLE OF CLUSTERS IN NEW FORMS OF INNOVATION (Znaczenie klastrów w tworzeniu nowych form innowacji)

80%

Kowalski A. M.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2010

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nr 3 (47)

228-245

EN

The article focuses on the concept of clusters and its importance in creating new forms of innovation. By new forms of innovation we mean new methods of creating innovation and enhancing innovation processes, for example through engaging final users from the early stages of research and development (R&D) according to the user driven innovation (UDI) approach, as well as new types of created innovations, especially non-technological ones. Cluster structures which are one of the best diagnosed methods to stimulate horizontal cooperation in the economy, may be an effective mechanism for creating new forms of innovation. It is supported by the fact that both the concept of clusters and new forms of innovation are connected to the strategy of open innovation, derived from the modern model of innovation processes, based primarily on interactions and cooperation between different types of actors of national innovation systems. Case studies of clusters from Austria, France and Sweden confirm that cluster structures create favourable conditions for new forms of innovation, which require that companies acquire new skills and also enter into interactions with external actors, customers and other enterprises.

8

COOPERATION OF ENTERPRISES WITH OTHER ENTITIES IN THE AREA OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY

80%

Strychalska-Rudzewicz A. , Grzybowska B.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2007

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tom 2

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nr 1

124-139

EN

The paper presents the results of empirical studies on cooperation of enterprises with other entities in the area of innovation activity that involved 156 enterprises from the region of northeastern Poland. It was studied whether enterprises cooperate in the area of innovation with three groups of partners, i.e. their suppliers and buyers, with other enterprises and with scientific institutions (institution carrying scientific research) as well as organizations dealing with transfer of innovations. Attempts were made to obtain an answer concerning the objective of cooperation and its subject. The cooperation was much more frequently undertaken by larger entities and it involved a wide range of partner institutions. Quite frequently other enterprises with the same or similar type of activity were partners. The cooperation occurred most frequently within the chain of supplier-processor-buyer, which is consistent with the global trends. The cooperation with suppliers most frequently focused on searching for new raw materials of better quality than those used so far while that with the buyers focused mainly on obtaining knowledge on expectations and preferences of clients. Unfortunately small and medium enterprises represent a low level of cooperation with innovation transfer institutions. As a consequence, activities supporting that transfer are necessary.

9

FUNDING STRUCTURE OF THE EUROPEAN AND NORTH AMERICAN CLUSTERS: RESULTS FROM AN INDEPENDENT QUESTIONNAIRE

60%

Burger P. , Baumöhl E. , Výrostová E.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2017

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tom 65

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nr 6

485 – 504

EN

We use a unique dataset of 167 North American and European clusters’ funding structures, obtained from an independent questionnaire survey carried out in the first half of 2016. The aim of this study is to determine possible differences in the proportions of public and private funds in the financing clusters from these two regions. Our results show that there is not a statistically significant difference in public-to-private funding sources among the European vs. American clusters. The proportion of public-to-private sources is on average approximately 43:57 in both regions. However, overall private sources of financing are significantly higher than funds obtained from public sources when we compare average values without respect to geographical regions. Furthermore, using a seemingly unrelated regression model, we identify dominant sources of public funding – in the European clusters dominate European Union budgets (24.29%), and for American clusters, the more prevailing sources are national (26.25%) and local budgets (10%).

10

KLASTRY TECHNOLOGIÍ JAKO POTENCIÁLNÍ FAKTORY EFEKTIVNOSTI PODNIKU

60%

Janeček V. , Hynek J. , Skalská H.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2014

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tom 62

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nr 9

959 – 974

EN

The article is focused on selected problems of manufacturing firms’ efficiency. One of the factors increasing efficiency should be utilization of advanced manufacturing technologies. The article deals with the hypothesis that technologies are utilized in sophisticated groups which can be named clusters of technologies. The content of the second hypothesis is an idea that the companies using clusters of technologies can have higher level of efficiency and better ability to response the economic depression than the other ones. The both hypotheses were verified on the base of results of the survey conducted among Czech manufacturing companies and the analysis of their financial reports during the period 2007 to 2011. Financial business indicators describing various aspects of firm efficiency are analysed and presented with the aim to verify the second hypothesis.