Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The use of cell lines and the methods of cell cycle synchronization in mammalian cloning

100%

Modlinski J. , Karasiewicz J.

Biotechnologia

|

1998

|

nr 2

86-100

EN

Studies aimed at improving the effectiveness of cloning by nuclear transfer have shown that proper development of the majority of reconstituted embryos is secured by G1 phase of the donor nucleus or by using 'universal recipients' i.e. enucleated pre-activated oocytes. Donor nuclei for cloning may by derived from cell lines of embryonic stem cells (mouse), embryonic cells after short in vitro culture (sheep, pig, cattle) or even from fetal cells or adult cells after in vitro culture and inducing quiescence in their nuclei (sheep). The use of fetal cells for transgenesis in vitro and the production of transgenic sheep after nuclear transfer from these cells opens the way to profitable technology of cloning transgenic farm animals.

2

Animal transgenesis: state of the art and applications

80%

Melo E. O. , Canavessi A. M. O. , Franco M. M. , Rumpf R.

Journal of Applied Genetics

|

2007

|

tom 48

|

nr 3

47-61

EN

There is a constant expectation for fast improvement of livestock production and human health care products. The advent of DNA recombinant technology and the possibility of gene transfer between organisms of distinct species, or even distinct phylogenic kingdoms, has opened a wide range of possibilities. Nowadays we can produce human insulin in bacteria or human coagulation factors in cattle milk. The recent advances in gene transfer, animal cloning, and assisted reproductive techniques have partly fulfilled the expectation in the field of livestock transgenesis. This paper reviews the recent advances and applications of transgenesis in livestock and their derivative products. At first, the state of art and the techniques that enhance the efficiency of livestock transgenesis are presented. The consequent reduction in the cost and time necessary to reach a final product has enabled the multiplication of transgenic prototypes around the world. We also analyze here some emerging applications of livestock transgenesis in the field of pharmacology, meat and dairy industry, xenotransplantation, and human disease modeling. Finally, some bioethical and commercial concerns raised by the transgenesis applications are discussed.

3

Multiple generational cloning of livestock embryos

80%

Piotrowska K. , Modlinski J.

Biotechnologia

|

1998

|

nr 2

130-136

EN

The main purpose of nuclear transfer in domestic species is to produce a large number of identical animals. There are two main ways to produce clones by nuclear transfer. One is to use the ICM and ED cells cultured under special conditions, as donor nuclei. The other way is to use the nuclear transfer embryo itself as the donor for the next generation of cloning (multiple generational cloning). The in vitro and in vivo developmental ability of nuclear transferred embryos is the same in the case of the first three generations. A limited number of multiple-generation clones were transferred into recipient heifers, resulting in offspring from I, II and III generation clones. The strategy to increase the efficiency of multiple generational bovine embryo cloning is discussed as well as the possible use of rabbit embryos as an experimental model.

4

Animal transgenesis: state of the art and applications

80%

Melo E. O. , Canavessi A. M. O. , Franco M. M. , Rumpf R.

Journal of Applied Genetics

|

2007

|

tom 48

|

nr 1

47-61

EN

There is a constant expectation for fast improvement of livestock production and human health care products. The advent of DNA recombinant technology and the possibility of gene transfer between organisms of distinct species, or even distinct phylogenic kingdoms, has opened a wide range of possibilities. Nowadays we can produce human insulin in bacteria or human coagulation factors in cattle milk. The recent advances in gene transfer, animal cloning, and assisted reproductive techniques have partly fulfilled the expectation in the field of livestock transgenesis. This paper reviews the recent advances and applications of transgenesis in livestock and their derivative products. At first, the state of art and the techniques that enhance the efficiency of livestock transgenesis are presented. The consequent reduction in the cost and time necessary to reach a final product has enabled the multiplication of transgenic prototypes around the world. We also analyze here some emerging applications of livestock transgenesis in the field of pharmacology, meat and dairy industry, xenotransplantation, and human disease modeling. Finally, some bioethical and commercial concerns raised by the transgenesis applications are discussed.

5

Bogusława Wolniewicza ocena moralna dzialan biotechnologicznych

80%

Smakulska J.

Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej

|

2011

|

tom 12

19-32

EN

The paper refers to Bogusław Wolniewicz’s deliberations on moral problems whicare being generated by cloning of human embryo cells which is one of the rapidly develop-ing biotechnological methods. The philosopher perceives serious moral dilemmas of using human embryos for experiments as in his opinion a human embryo is a human being.Although it is deeply immoral method, it is very unlikely that scientists will abandon it because the expectations of improving quality of human life or prolonging it, due to using genetic material, are great. What is more, cloning of embryo cells is closely linked with transplantations. Furthermore, the philosopher points out that such experiments are in their essence the same as doctor Mengele’s criminal experiments during World War II.

6

The possible role of cell cycle stage in mammalian cloning

80%

Modlinski J. A. , Grabarek J. , Plusa B. , Karasiewicz J.

Journal of Applied Genetics

|

2001

|

tom 42

|

nr 2

153-176

EN

Progress in mammalian cloning started from cloning embryos (of mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle and rhesus monkeys) and culminated in obtaining clones of sheep, cattle, pigs and mice from adult somatic cells. Knowing the relationship between the cell cycles of the recipient and the donor of cell nucleus in embryonic cloning by nuclear transfer one can adjust the phases of the cell cycle properly. Metaphase II recipients accept G1 (in most species) or G2 donors (in the mouse). Interphase recipients can harbour nuclei in all stages of cell cycle. Relatively little is known about somatic cloning. Two attitudes are applied: either the donor is in the G0 phase or the recipient is in a prolonged MII phase.

7

The role of cell cycle co-ordination in the development of nuclear transfer reconstructed embryos

80%

Campbell K. H. S. , Ritchie W. , Loi P. , McWhir J. , Wilmut i.

Biotechnologia

|

1996

|

nr 2

68-80

EN

The purpose of this paper is to review information regardind the co-ordination of nuclear and cytoplasmic events during embryo reconstruction, in particular the direct and indirect effects of maturation (meiosis) mitosis promoting factor (MPF), upon the transferred nucleus.These will be discussed in relation to DNA replication, the maintenance of correct ploidy, the occurence is primarilu concerned with the reconstruction of mammalian embryos, specific examples from amphibians will also be cited.

8

Cloning a DNA marker associated to wheat scab resistance

80%

Yu G. , Ma H. , Xu Z. , Ren L. , Zhou M. , Lu W.

Journal of Applied Genetics

|

2004

|

tom 45

|

nr 1

17-25

EN

Wheat head blight caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, is an important wheat disease, causing yield and quality losses. The breeding of resistant varieties is the key measure to control this disease, but the conventional breeding method is of low efficiency. The marker-assisted selection (MAS) can significantly improve the breeding efficiency. In this study, four RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers linked to FHB resistance were obtained and one was cloned and sequenced. F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were derived from the F1 of the cross Ning894037 (resistant)/Alondra (susceptible) by the single-seed descent method. Scab resistance of F7 RILs was evaluated in the greenhouse by injecting conidiospores into a central floret. Scab symptoms were evaluated on the 21st day after inoculation. Disease severity was assessed as the percentage of infected spikelets/spike. The F7 RIL population displayed a normal distribution, transgressive segregation and significant variation for FHB severity. DNA from resistant and susceptible parents was analyzed with 520 RAPD primers. Four markers (S1384-640,S1360-600, S1319-350,S1319-820) linked to FHB resistance were obtained. DNA of S1384-640 was recovered, subjected to re-amplification by using S1384 primer and the same protocol as for RAPD analysis and identified the rightness. The PCR product of S1384-640 was ligated into the pUCm-T vector, and cloned into fresh competent cells of Escherichia coli strain DH5 RAPD anlysis showed that the inserts of the recombinant plasmids were DNA of S1384-640. The sequencing result showed that the cloned fragment was 648 bp.

9

DNA libraries ? a way to understand genome structure

70%

Wolko L. , Slomski R.

Biotechnologia

|

2003

|

nr 3

159-179

EN

Wide genome physical mapping is becoming a main goal of current genomic research on many plant and animal species. It provides essential basis for large-scale genome sequencing, but requires well-saturated large-insert DNA genomic libraries. This review presents a progress in the construction and application of genomic libraries. New trends towards the improvement of cloning vectors and adjustment to new tasks of molecular genetics are also presented.

10

Development of the studies on somatic cell cloning in goats

70%

Skrzyszowska M. , Samiec M.

Biotechnologia

|

2006

|

nr 1

133-150

EN

Domestic goat as a species with a relatively great biodiversity of dairy breeds, which possess high genetic merit and yield of milk production, can be a valuable tool for embryo gene engineering. This involves the generation of transgenic specients, providing with xenogeneic (human) recombinant proteins (i.e. biopharmaceuticals), not only by the standard zygote intrapronuclear microinjection of gene constructs, but above all with the use of somatic cell cloning technology.

11

Phage display as a tool for rapid cloning of allergenic proteins

70%

Appenzeller U. , Blaser K. , Crameri R.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

|

2001

|

tom 49

|

nr 1

19-26

EN

Allergic diseases represent an immune disorder associated with the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) against normally innocuous antigens (allergens). Almost 20% of the population in industrialised countries suffer from Type I allergic symptoms like allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria or asthma. Although the mechanisms responsible for these allergic reactions are quite well understood, knowledge about the repertoire of molecules able to elicit Type I symptoms is still limited. To clone and characterise entire allergen repertoires from complex allergenic sources in a fast and efficient way, new technologies are required. The phage surface display of cDNA libraries described here has proven to be a versatile cloning system to selectively isolate allergens physically linked to their genetic information. The screening of cDNA libraries displayed on phage surface with immobilised serum IgE from allergic patients reduces the time required for the selection of candidate clones to a few weeks. Robot assisted high throughput screening of enriched library provides a fast and cost-effective way to isolate complete allergen repertoires. The biotechnological production of recombinant allergens derived from these sequences bear a high potential for the improvement of the diagnosis of allergic diseases.

12

The role of domestic pig in somatic cell cloning and transgenesis

70%

Skrzyszowska M. , Samiec M.

Biotechnologia

|

2006

|

nr 1

53-67

EN

A stimulus for development of the studies on pig somatic cell cloning, especially in recent years, was above all the possibility of its practical application for production of transgenic piglets using in vitro transfected nuclear donor cells and multiplication of genetically-engineered sows and boars generated so far, on the grounds of important implications for biomedicine, pharmacy and agriculture. However, effective pig somatic cell nuclear transfer, avoiding the sexual reproduction pathway, creates a possibility of providing numerous monogenetic and monosexual offspring derived not only from genetically-transformed individuals, but also from adult (postpubertal) animals of high genetic merit. Generation of cloned transgenic pigs for biomedical purposes to obtain recombinant xenogeneic proteins or organs suitable in xenotransplantology, or to create cell (gene) therapy foundations for a number of serious monogenic diseases that induce heritable (congenital) developmental anomalies, is perceived as a service to humanity.

13

Improvement of beta-galactosidase properties and conditions for its microbial biosynthesis

70%

Bednarski W. , Kowalewska-Piontas J.

Biotechnologia

|

2000

|

nr 2

131-141

EN

We present examples of genetic modification of microorganisms capable of beta-galactosidase synthesis. The technological characteristics as termostability, high activity in a low temperature is improved. We also describe intensification of beta-galactosidase secretion to the medium.

14

The use of new strategies in the cloning studies on somatic cell cloning in pigs

60%

Skrzyszowska M. , Samiec M.

Biotechnologia

|

2006

|

nr 1

68-81

EN

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique in pigs remains relatively low (2% to 5% of produced piglets), that is why further efforts have to be made to optimize both a multi-step cloning procedure and to improve a structuro-functional quality of recipient oocytes and nuclear donor cells. Pre- and postimplantation developmental potential of porcine SCNT-derived embryos depends to a high degree on not only coordination of mitotic cycle stage with phenotype of nuclear donor cell, but also proper combination of the methods of maternal chromosome elimination (enucleation), oocyte reconstruction techniques, the systems of artificial activation of generated nuclear-cytoplasmic hybrids (clonal cybrids) and in vitro culture of reconstructed embryos. Generally, it can result in increasing the competences of both somatic nuclear and mitochondrial genome for epigenetic remodeling/reprogramming in developing cloned embryos.

15

Reproduction biotechnology of farm animals

60%

Smorag Z.

Biotechnologia

|

2002

|

nr 4

30-40

EN

This paper presents the most important research and application of biotechnology of farm animals reproduction: semen sexing, embryo in vitro production, embryonic and somatic cloning and transgenesis.

16

Odpovědnost za integritu lidských bytostí

60%

Šipr K.

Studia theologica

|

2006

|

tom 8

|

nr 1

97-100

EN

Human persons were created in the image of God in order to enjoy personal communion with the triune God, and in order to exercise responsible stewardship of the universe. Responsible stewardship requires a deep respect for a person as an image of God. The creation of the world ex nihilo is the action of a personal God and the immediate creation of each human soul is the proof of a deep and intimate relationship of God with each human being. The ethical questions of organ transplants, surgery associated with mutilation, reproductive medicine, genetic engineering, gene therapy, human cloning, embryonic stem cells, futile therapy, euthanasia and assisted suicide must be resolved through the use of principles of totality and integrity, the principle of double effects, and the principle of proportionality. Human beings are called to participate in divine creativity while acknowledging their position as creatures.

17

Achievements in biotechnology of animal reproduction over the past 20 years - case studies

51%

Smorag Z.

Biotechnologia

|

2010

|

nr 3

64-74

EN

Animal reproduction biotechnology is an area of fast development with possibilities of practical applications not only in breeding, but in pharmacy and biomedicine as well. Its growth has been achieved thanks to the results of last decades of the previous century in embryology, endocrinology, and molecular biology. The paper contains very brief description of the achievements of NRIAP Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology during the last 20 years in mammalian sex regulation, cryobiology of gametes and embryos, in vitro production of embryos, cloning and animal transgenesis.

18

The transpositional elements as a tool for plant genome mapping

51%

Wochniak P. , Malepszy S.

Biotechnologia

|

1994

|

nr 3

15-29

EN

This work aims at reviewing current progress in the field of plant transposble elements, especially those described as Ac/Ds and En/dSpm systems, first discovered in maize.We gave the molecular characteristics of plant transposones and the rules of their behaviour within a genome.The procedure for a particular gene mapping and for mapping of many genes responsible for biochemical pathway were cited.In comparison with other genome mapping methods the advantages and drawbacks of "gene tagging" were envisaged.The enclosed tables provide many documental examples of plant genes identification via "gene tagging" method.