Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Energetyczne aspekty procesu i skuteczności mycia płytowego wymiennika ciepła

100%

Piepiórka-Stepuk J. , Diakun J.

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tom nr 2

86--91

PL

W pracy zaprezentowanej w artykule podjęto próbę określenia zależności pomiędzy skutecznością mycia płyt płytowego wymiennika ciepła a ilością energii elektrycznej potrzebną do przeprowadzenia procesu. Uzyskane wyniki przedstawiono w postaci graficznej wyznaczając korzystne i niekorzystne warunki mycia w aspekcie energetycznym.

EN

The paper attempts to define the relationship between the degree of cleaning plates the heat exchanger and the amount of energy needed to carry out the process. The results in graphical form, determining positive and negative conditions for cleaning in the aspect of energy consumed was shown at the figures.

2

Ocena skuteczności mycia linii brzeczki w oparciu o analizę suspensji koloidalnych w instalacjach CIP

100%

Wawrzacz B.

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tom R. 10, nr 7(82)

431-438

PL

Przedyskutowano warunki procesowe programu mycia instalacji linii brzeczki w browarze. Oceniono właściwości chemiczne i fotooptyczne roztworów pobranych na kolejnych etapach mycia. Stwierdzono wytrącanie się bardzo drobnych cząstek w badanych roztworach. Oceniono tendencję tworzenia aglomeratów cząstek o rozdrobnieniu koloidalnym w roztworach myjących. Wyniki badań wskazują na potrzebę modyfikacji programów mycia instalacji CIP, poprzez wydłużenie czasu wszystkich etapów płukania tj. wstępnego, międzyfazowego i końcowego przy jednoczesnym obniżeniu stężenia substancji chemicznych stosowanych w myciu.

EN

Process conditions of the program of washing of installation of wort line in a brewery were discussed. Chemical and photoptical properties of solutions taken at subsequent washing stages were assessed. Precipitation of very small particles was found in the analysed solutions. The tendency of creation of agglomerate particles with colloidal dispersion in washing solution was assessed. The results of the study indicate a need to modify the programs of installation washing with simultaneous decrease of concentration of chemicals used in washing.

3

Ustawa o substancjach chemicznych i ich mieszaninach

85%

Górniak L. , Bańkowska A. , Palczewska-Tulińska M. , Krześlak A.

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tom Vol. 65, nr 8

773-778

PL

W artykule przedstawiono najważniejsze zmiany, które wprowadza nowa Ustawa o substancjach chemicznych i ich mieszaninach (Dz. U. 63 poz. 322 z dnia 25 lutego 2011 r.). Ustawa ta zaczęła obowiązywać od 8 kwietnia br. i zastąpiła starą Ustawę o substancjach i preparatach chemicznych z dnia 11 stycznia 2001 r. z późniejszymi zmianami.

EN

This paper presents the major changes introduced by the New Act on Chemical Substances and Mixtures Thereof (Dz. U. No. 63, item 322 of 25 February 2011). This Act became effective 8 April this year and has replaced the former Act on Chemical Substances and Preparations of 11 January 2001, subsequently amended.

4

Critical infrastructure preparedness : cascading of disruptions considering vulnerability and Dependency

71%

Eid M. , Hakkarainen T. , Terhi K. , Souza-Cursi-de E. , El-Hami A.

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2016

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tom Vol. 7, No. 1

61--66

EN

Critical Infrastructures’ disruptions may result in crises of unacceptable outcomes in modern societies. Thus, it is important to develop models that allow describing CIs’ disruptions and their propagation characteristics. CI disruptions depend on both the type of the threat and on the nature of the CIs’ mutual dependencies. A model describing the cascade of disruptions should, then, be able to consider the CI-threat vulnerability and the CI-CI dependency. The paper presents a model where cascades are exactly described using an integral equation. The integral equation admits an analytical solution if the occurrence probability distribution functions (pdf) of the disruptions obey Stochastic Poisson Processes (SPP). The introduction of the “vulnerability to the threat” and the “CIs’ (inter)dependencies” is carried out with the help of time constant factors called: “vulnerability strain factor” and “disruption strain factor”, respectively. An academic case is presented in order to demonstrate the applicability of the model and illustrate some interesting features of the model. A complete set of numerical applications will be published separately.

5

Decision Making in Crisis Management : Time Criticality Assessment

71%

Eid M. , Souza de Cursi E. , Abdelkhalak E.

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2017

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tom Vol. 8, No. 1

13--22

EN

The paper is proposing a methodology for assessing the time-criticality in the scope of a crisis resulting from a cascade of disruptions of a set of Critical Infrastructures (CIs). The success of the management of the crisis depends on taking the good decisions and undertaking the corresponding actions at the good timing. Identifying time intervals for decisions and actions requires dynamic models capable to assess the crisis time evolution. While, measuring the “criticality” of different time-intervals requires the use of suitable metrics. Based on previous works for modelling cascade of CIs’ disruptions incorporating CIs dependency and vulnerability, the authors propose a methodology to assess the time-criticality and propose the appropriate metrics. The methodology is based on the idea of comparing the time-profile of a given cascade of disruptions between two configurations: unstressed and stressed CIs. The CIs become stressed under the action of a threat and combined with the dependency between CIs. The unstressed configuration represents a risk-noise. Two metrics are proposed in order to carry on the comparison between the time-profiles of the stressed and the unstressed CIs. The proposed metrics are: the time to attend 90% of the asymptotic occurrence probability and the time to attend the most probable occurrence rate, describing the cascade likelihood. An academic case is presented in order to demonstrate the applicability of the methodology and illustrate some interesting features.