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1

Chromosomes of Lupinus hispanicus subsp. hispanicus Boiss. et Reut., L. luteus L. and their hybrids

100%

Naganowska B. , Ladon D.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2000

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tom 41

|

nr 3

167-170

EN

Cytological observations of mitotic chromosomes were performed for two species and interspecific hybrid lines: Lupinus hispanicus subsp. hispanicus (line Badajoz 2, cat. no. Wt 96383), L. luteus cv. Topaz (cat. no. Wt 98006), L. ? hispanicoluteus (cat. no. Wt 98301 and Wt 98302). It was found that L. hispanicus, L. luteus and L. ? hispanicoluteus have the same chromosome number 2n = 52. Chromosome morphology is, generally, similar. Centromeres are located mostly in median or submedian region. Chromosome differentiation appears to be very poor, except the first (the longest) pair which is easily discernible in both parental species and in the hybrid.

2

Linkages in Pisum L. VII. Locus for the sterile gene calf (cabbage leaf)

100%

Swiecicki W. K. , Wolko B. , Kruszka K.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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1998

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tom 39

|

nr 2

163-169

EN

Genetical analyses were conducted to find linkages and the locus of the gene calf on the Pisum chromosome map. The recessive, pleiotropic gene calf (enlarged and undulated leaflets, stipules, flowers and pods, plant sterile), artificially induced (the initial line - Large Podded G-20, the mutagene - DES and NMU) was described by Sharma in 1975. An identical mutant gene at the same locus was isolated in our research (the initial line - cv. Pegro, the mutagene - fast neutrons). Two lines were included in the Pisum gene bank - the type line for the gene calf - Wt 15873 and the representative line - Wt 16024. In linkage studies the representative line was crossed with tester lines bearing gene markers. Analyses of dihybrid segregation in F2 generations revealed linkages of the gene calf with chromosome 2 markers. Two isozymic markers helped to reveal the calf locus on chromosome 2 with the following gene order: Orp - Calf - K - Pgm-p - Fum. This is in agreement with the current Pisum linkage map.

3

Chromosomes of ichneumon flies of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)

80%

Gokhman V. E. , Kolesnichenko K. A.

Folia Biologica

|

1997

|

tom 45

139-141

EN

Chromosomes of ichneumonids of the subfamily Pimplinae, Dolichomitus terebrans (Ratzeburg) (2n = 34), Scambus nigricans (Thomson) (2n = 28), Pimpla turionellae (Linnaeus) (2n = 30) and Perithous scurra (Panzer) (= mediator (Fabricius)) (2n = 42) were studied for the first time. Chromosome numbers of the examined species of Pimplinae are comparatively high (2n = 28 or more, with the single exception of 2n= 18), and that of P. scurra is the highest in all parasitic wasps.

4

Experimental hybridisation between X0 and XY chromosome races in the grasshopper Podisma sapporensis Shir. (Orthoptera, Acrididae). I. Cytological analysis of embryos and F1 hybrids

80%

Bugrov A. G. , Warchalowska-Sliwa E. , Sugano Y. , Akimoto S.

Folia Biologica

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2004

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tom 52

|

nr 1-2

39-45

EN

The results of experimental hybridisation between some chromosome subraces belonging to the X0 and XY chromosome races of the brachypterous grasshopper P. sapporensis are presented. Pre-zygotic reproductive isolation mechanisms in experimental pairs were not confirmed. In crossings of XY-standard x X0-standard and XY-standard x X0-Naganuma chromosome subraces, a zygotic barrier has been found. All embryos of XY-standard x X0-standard crosses and the vast majority of embryos of XY-standard x X0-Naganuma crosses were obtained from female diploid or haploid/diploid cells as a result of parthenogenesis. In very rare cases, when the zygotic barriers had been surmounted, normal embryo heterozygotes and a F1 hybrid generation were obtained in XY-standard x X0-Naganuma crosses. On the contrary, crosses between the XY-Tanno and X0-standard subraces gave viable offspring in spite of many chromosome differences such as a X-A translocation and fixed pericentric inversions in four pairs of autosomes. The results obtained do not support the hypothesis that chromosomal differences play a key role in restricting gene flow between X0 and XY races of P. sapporensis. The presence of crossing barriers explains the phenomena of the purity of the X0 and XY chromosomes races.

5

Chromosomal localization of a novel repetitive sequence in the Chenopodium quinoa genome

80%

Kolano B. , Plucienniczak A. , Kwasniewski M. , Maluszynska J.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2008

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tom 49

|

nr 4

313-320

EN

In this study, a novel repetitive sequence pTaq10 was isolated from the Taq I digest of the genomic DNA of the pseudocereal Chenopodium quinoa. Sequence analysis indicated that this 286-bp monomer is not homologous to any known retroelement sequence. FISH and Southern blot analysis showed that this sequence is characterized by an interspersed genomic organization. After FISH, hybridization signals were observed as small dots spread throughout all of the chromosomes. pTaq hybridization signals were excluded from 45S rRNA gene loci, but they partly overlapped with 5S rDNA loci. pTaq10 is not a species-specific sequence, as it was also detected in C. berlandieri.

6

Evolution of eukaryotic chromosomes ? from databases to computer modeling

80%

Mackiewicz D. , Waga W. , Cebrat S.

Biotechnologia

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2010

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nr 4

131-145

EN

Computer simulations of chromosomes' and genomes' evolution suggest that the genes located on relatively large and densely packed chromosomes should be grouped in clusters. Clusters located on homologous chromosomes may complement their defects or they may co-operate providing selective advantage to their hosts. Since recombination inside clusters is harmful, selection leads to the uneven distribution of recombination events along chromosomes - relatively high recombination in the subtelomeric regions and low recombination in the central regions of chromosomes. Uneven distribution of recombinations enables sympatric speciation which can not be predicted by the mean field theories of evolution. Further studies of chromosome evolution require more precise data (the best ? full sequences) of many closely related genomes belonging to the same species.

7

The C-banding technique for Coleoptera (Insecta)

80%

Rozek M.

Folia Biologica

|

2000

|

tom 48

|

nr 1-2

29-31

EN

The heterochromatin bands were obtained after modification of standard procedure. The modification eliminated or greatly reduced treatment in 0.2 N HCL, and prolong treatment in Ba(OH)2.8H20, in decreased temperature of Ba(OH)2.8H2O and 2xSSC.

8

B-chromosome polymorphism in Rhinocola aceris (L.) (Psylloidea, Homoptera

80%

Maryanska-Nadachowska A.

Folia Biologica

|

1999

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tom 47

|

nr 3-4

115-121

EN

Different morphological types of B-chromosomes in Rhinocola aceris from Katowice (southern Poland) were found for the first time in Psylloidea. Four types of supernumerary chromosomes: B1, B2, B3, and B4 were described on the basis of their morphology and heterochromatin pattern. Their behaviour during meiosis suggests a high tolerance of this species for different numbers of B-chromosomes.

9

B chromosomes of the Podisma sapporensis Shir. (Orthoptera, Acrididae) analysed by chromosome microdissection and FISH

80%

Bugrov A. G. , Karamyshevad T. , Pytakova M. S. , Rubstov D. N. , Andreenekova O. V. , Warchalowska-Sliwa E. , Rubstov N. B.

Folia Biologica

|

2002

|

tom 51

|

nr 1-2

1-11

EN

The analysis of the distribution of repetitive DNA of the B chromosomes of Podisma sapporensis in the A and B chromosomes of the natural populations and in A chromosomes of three other species of the Podismini grasshoppers were made. DNA-libraries of the B chromosome and the euchromatic segment of the A chromosome of P. sapporensis were generated by meiotic chromosome microdissection followed by degenerated oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR). Paints based on these DNA-libraries were used for FISH analysis to detect localization of homologous sequences in A and B chromosomes of P. sapporensis from different natural populations. On the basis of the FISH analysis the authors suggest that evolution of the B chromosomes in Podisma sapporensis was associated mainly with the insertions of ?alien DNA sequences? into ancestral A chromosome and their further amplification. The number of initial sites of amplifications differed in the different Bs, the distance between these sites also varying. Karyotype evolution in P. sapporensis was associated partly with the insertion of ?alien DNA sequences? into pericentromeric chromosomal regions. Insertion into the small short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes followed, with the DNA amplification leading to the formation of the additional C-heterochromatic arms or euchromatic-like regions of different size.

10

Karyotyping of the narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) by using FISH, PRINS and computer measurements of chromosomes

80%

Kaczmarek A. , Naganowska B. , Wolko B.

Journal of Applied Genetics

|

2009

|

tom 50

|

nr 2

77-82

EN

BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) clones from the genomic BAC library of the narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) were used for cytogenetic mapping of mitotic metaphase chromosomes of that species by the BAC-FISH technique. Location of the clones, together with cytogenetic markers localised earlier by FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisation) and PRINS (primed in situ DNA labelling), was combined with computer-aided chromosome measurements, to construct the first idiogram of the narrow-leafed lupin. The chromosomes are meta- or submetacentric; the mean absolute chromosome lengths range from 1.9 mum to 3.8 mum, and mean relative lengths from 1.6% to 3.3%. Data concerning linkage of resistance to 2 fungal pathogens as well as assignment of the second linkage group to the appropriate chromosome are given for the first time.

11

Use of chromosome walking in discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphism in noncoding regions of a candidate actin gene in Pinus radiata

80%

Li W. , Li H. , Wu H. , Chen X.-Y.

Journal of Applied Genetics

|

2010

|

tom 51

|

nr 3

275-281

EN

Untranslated regions (UTRs) of eukaryotic mRNAs play crucial roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via the modulation of nucleocytoplasmic mRNA transport, translation efficiency, subcellular localization, and message stability. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in UTRs of a candidate gene may also change the post-transcriptional regulation of a gene or function by nucleotide mutation. For species that have not been entirely sequenced genomically, new methods need to be devised to discover SNPs in noncoding regions of candidate genes. In this study, based on the expressed sequence tag (EST) of Pinus radiata (Monterey pine), we obtained all the sequences of UTRs of the actin gene by using a chromosome walking method. We also detected all the SNPs in and around the coding region of the actin gene. In this way, the full genomic sequence (2154 bp) of the actin gene was identified, including the 5'UTR, introns, the coding sequence, and the 3'UTR. PCR amplification and DNA fragment sequencing from 200 unrelated P. radiata trees revealed a total of 21 SNPs in the actin gene, of which 3 were located in the 5'UTR, 3 in the introns, 10 in the coding sequence, and 5 in the 3'UTR. We show that chromosome walking can be used for obtaining the sequence of UTRs, and then, based on this sequence, to discover SNPs in the noncoding regions of candidate genes from this species without an entire genomic sequence.

12

Separation of megabased-sized DNA molecules of Aspergillus niger using pulsed field gel electrophoresis.

80%

Coral G. , Colak O. , Unaldi M. N.

Folia Biologica

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2002

|

tom 50

|

nr 1-2

49-52

EN

In this study, the chromosomal DNAs were extracted from Aspergillus niger Z10 wild type strain and these DNAs were separated using the contour clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis (CHEF) system. This system is laboratory-made and is operated by a computer program. Total DNAs resolved into five distinct chromosomal bands. The size of the chromosomes was estimated as being between 3.3 Mb to 6.4 Mb.

13

Flow cytometry applied in plant biotechnology

80%

Sliwinska E.

Biotechnologia

|

2002

|

nr 1

122-128

EN

Flow cytometry (FCM) is a rapid and exact method for estimating the nuclear DNA content. Thus, it can be used for ploidy screening of different plant materials cultured in vitro (plantlets, callus, cell suspensions and somatic embryos) as well as haploids and somatic hybrids. In addition, it can be applied as a tool to analyse the events of genetic transformation. The application of FCM in biotechnology will be discussed.

14

Karyotype of the cyprinid fish Alburnoides bipunctatus (Cyprinidae) from the Tigris River

80%

Kilic-Demirok N. , Unloe E.

Folia Biologica

|

2004

|

tom 52

|

nr 1-2

57-59

EN

Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Cyprinid fish Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782) from the River Tigris were determined by the chromosome preparation technique from uncultured kidney cells. The diploid chromosome number 2n=50, was composed of 8 pairs of metacentric, 11 pairs of submetacentric and 6 pairs of subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes (NF=88). Sex chromosomes were not determined in the this species. The results were briefly discussed with other, previously conducted studies.

15

Comparative cytogenetic study of Poecilimon brunneri Frivaldsky and P. zwicki Ramme (Phaneropteridae: Orthoptera)

80%

Warchalowska-Sliwa E. , Michailova P. , Peshev G.

Folia Biologica

|

1992

|

tom 40

|

nr 1-2

33-39

EN

The karyotype of Poecilimon brunneri and P.zwicki is described. In both species it possesses the primitive character. The relative length of chromosome in P. brunneri and P. zwicki are compared. Both species have an unstable B chromosome and aberrations in autosomes. In P. zwicki the X chromosome shows euchromatic segments of different size and place.

16

Chromosome study of Lithobius forficatus (Lithobiomorpha, Chilopoda)

80%

Woznicki P. , Wytwer J. , Kulesza M.

Folia Biologica

|

2003

|

tom 51

|

nr 3-4

147-150

EN

The diploid number 2n= 46 and the chromosome arm number NF = 74 are described in Lithobius forficatus from Olsztyn (Poland). Analyses of silver and CMA3 ? stained mitotic chromosomes suggest that a single chromosome pair has active NORs which correspond to G-C-rich (CMA3-positive) chromatin. Heteromorphism of the largest metacentric chromosome pair was observed. The sex chromosomes were not identified. Size polymorphism of the first chromosome pair was found.

17

Unidirectional orientation of twelve expressed tagged sites within 40 kb of human chromosomal region 22q13.1

80%

Pusch C. , Wang Z. , Roe B. , Blin N.

Journal of Applied Genetics

|

1998

|

tom 39

|

nr 2

199-204

EN

. The single copy sequence D22S16 from human chromosomal region 22q13.1 that carries a putative conserved gene, was used to probe a chromosome 22-specific cosmid library. Genomic sequencing of one positive, 40 kb long cosmid (C1155) revealed a hereto unmapped gene (a subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II, POLR2F), a SOX9-related sequence and 12 expressed sequence tags. Although not parts of one consecutive gene, all 12 ESTs and, in addition, the polymerase gene are oriented in the same transcriptional direction within the genomic sequence represented by cosmid C1155.

18

Karyotypic diversity in the subfamily Eurytominae (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)

70%

Gokhman V. E. , Mikhailenko A. P.

Folia Biologica

|

2008

|

tom 56

|

nr 3-4

209-212

EN

New data on the karyotype structure of five species of the subfamily Eurytominae are escribed, including the following species: Eurytoma rosae (2n=20), E. robusta (n=7, 2n=14), E. serratulae (n=6, 2n=12), E. compressa (2n=10) and Sycophila biguttata (2n=18). 2n=10, 12 and 14 are reported for the first time for the Eurytominae, in which only 2n=20 and 18 have been previously found. The taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of the new chromo- somal information are discussed. Karyotypes containing ten subtelo/acrocentric chromosomes which gradually decrease in size can be considered as initial for the Eurytominae. Eurytoma robusta + (E. serratulae + E. compressa) form a particular clade where all branches are well-supported by morphological, biological and chromosomal a

19

A low-level X chromosome mosaicism in mares, detected by chromosome painting

70%

Wieczorek M. , Switonski M. , Yang F.

Journal of Applied Genetics

|

2001

|

tom 42

|

nr 2

205-209

EN

Fluorescence in situ hybridization with the use of the equine X whole chromosome painting probe was carried out on chromosome spreads originating from three mares with poor reproductive performance (infertility, miscarriage or stillbirth). The numbers of analysed spreads were high (105, 300 and 480) and in all three mares a low frequency of mosaicism was identified. The mares had the following karyotypes: 64,XX/63,X/65,XXX (93.6%/5.7%/0.7%), 64,XX/63,X (98.9%/1.1%) and 64,XX/63,X (94.3%/5.7%). The incidence and importance of the low percentage X chromosome mosaicism are discussed.

20

Chromosome numbers and C-banding patterns in some Pamphagidae Grasshoppers(Orthoptera, Acridoidea) from theCaucasus, Central Asia, and Transbaikalia

70%

Bugrov A. G. , Warchalowska-Sliwa E.

Folia Biologica

|

1997

|

tom 45

133-138

EN

Chromosome numbers and C-banding patterns in the spermatogenesis of seven species of Pamphagidae grasshoppers from the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Trabsbaikalia region of Russia are reported. The patterns of origin and evolution of the neo-XY/neo-XX sex determination in Pamphagidae are discussed.