Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Small scale biogas-fuelled CHP

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Skorek J. , Kalina J. , Tańczuk M.

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tom Vol. 319, z. 5

97-110

EN

Energetic and ecological aspects of biogas-fuelled CHP, particularly small scale CHP was discussed in the paper. The importance of legislative regulations (in particular, importance of Directive 2004/8/EC, called "CHP Directive) for applying such technologies was also shown. Then, the small scale cogeneration technologies using biomass as fuel are briefly presented and analyzed. The following solutions was discussed: CHP units with IC engines supplied with sewage biogas, CHP units with IC engines supplied with landfill gas (LFG), gasification integrated energy generation CHP technologies (both with engines and gas turbines), CHP units with biomass-fuelled Stirling engines (Bio-Stirling).

PL

W pracy przedstawiono energetyczne i ekologiczne aspekty stosowania układów skojarzonych zasilanych biopaliwami, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem układów małej mocy. Pokazano znaczenie uregulowań prawnych (w tym tzw. Dyrektywy CHP) dla rozwoju kogeneracji. W dalszej części szczegółowo omówiono rozwiązania technologiczne małych układów skojarzonych napędzanych paliwami pochodzenia biologicznego. Zaprezentowano następujące rozwiązania: układy CHP z silnikami tłokowymi na biogaz z oczyszczalni ścieków, układy CHP z silnikami tłokowymi na gaz wysypiskowy (LFG), układy skojarzone ze zintegrowanym zgazowaniem biomasy (z silnikami i z turbiną gazową) oraz układy CHP z silnikiem Stirlinga zasilanym biomasą stałą.

2

Doświadczenia z eksploatacji biogazowego zespołu ciepło- i prądotwórczego

100%

Cupiał K. , Dużyński A. , Grzelka J.

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tom nr 10

50--54

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano nowy biogazowy zespół elektro-ciepłowniczy z silnikiem 8A20G zaprojektowany, wykonany i przebadany w latach 1996-1998 w ramach projektu celowego KBN zrealizowanego przez Instytut Maszyn Tłokowych i Techniki Sterownia Politechniki Częstochowskiej oraz Zakłady H. CEGIELSKI - Poznań S.A, który po zakończeniu realizacji projektu oddano do przemysłowej eksploatacji w Centralnej Oczyszczalni Ścieków PSW Warta w Częstochowie, wytwarzającej biogaz jako produkt uboczny fermentacji osadów ściekowych. W pracy przedstawiono także efektywność ekonomiczną przedsięwzięcia, uwzględniającą doświadczenia zebrane w czasie eksploatacji zespołu.

EN

A new cogeneration set driven by the 8A20G biogas engine is presented in this paper. The unit was designed, manufactured and examined by the Institute of Internal Combustion Engines & Control Engineering and H. CEGIELSKI-Poznań S.A. during the period from 1996 to 1998 under the contract sponsored by The State Committee for Scientific Research (KBN) and H. CEGIELSKI-Poznań SA. Since performing the contract the cogeneration unit has been operating on biogas, which is the by-product of fermentation process in the central sewage treatment plant in Częstochowa (PSW WARTA). Economic advantages as well as selected operation experiences from the application of the unit at the sewage treatment plant are also presented in the paper.

3

Availability of small combined heat and power unit FED on biogas

100%

Wilk J. , Wolańczyk F.

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tom Vol. 11, no 3

671-678

EN

The paper refers to the calculations of the availability of the CHP unit fed on biogas. In the paper the authors present the results of exploitation investigations of two small biogas CHP units working in the waste-water treatment plant in Rzeszów. Investigation period is from January 2002 to December 2003. On the basis of these results the availability of biogas CHP units has been calculated. The results have been compared with the values of availability of small cogeneration systems based on a combustion engine or gas turbine fed on the non-renewable energy source - natural gas. The histograms of disconnections time of biogas CHP units have been presented. The function of occurrence of a specified disconnections time has been obtained as a lognormal function.

4

Mathematical modelling of steam-water cycle with auxiliary empirical functions application

84%

Szapajko G. , Rusinowski H.

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2010

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tom Vol. 31, no. 3

165-183

EN

Research oriented on identification of operating states variations with the application of mathematical models of thermal processes has been developed in the field of energy processes diagnostics. Simple models, characterised by short calculation time, are necessary for thermal diagnostics needs. Such models can be obtained using empirical modelling methods. Good results brings the construction of analytical model with auxiliary empirical built-in functions. The paper presents a mathematical model of a steam-water cycle containing mass and energy balances and semi-empirical models of steam expansion line in turbine as well as heat transfer in exchangers. A model of steam expansion line in a turbine is worked out with the application of a steam flow capacity equation and an internal efficiency of process equation for each group of stages for the analysed turbine. A model of a heat exchanger contains energy balance and the relation describing heat transfer in an exchanger, proposed by Beckman. Estimation of empirical equations coefficients was realised with the application of special and reliable measurements. Estimation criterion was a weighted relative sum of the remainder squares. There are exemplary calculations results presented in the final part of paper.

5

Energy evaluation of steam-water cycle operation with mathematical modelling application

67%

Rusinowski H. , Szapajko G.

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tom Vol. 32, no. 4

101-117

EN

In recent years, we can observe the development of the thermal diagnosis and operating control systems based on measuring techniques and mathematical modelling of processes improvement. Evaluation of the actual operating state is insufficient to make an optimal operating decisions. Thus, information about the influence of the operating parameters. deviations from the reference state on indicators describing energy consumption of the process (for example specific heat consumption or specific energy consumption) is also necessary. The paper presents methods for generation the information about the influence of the steam-water cycle operating parameters on specific heat consumption in a turbine's cycle. A mathematical model of steam-water cycle for a CHP (Cogeneration - also Combined Heat and Power) unit is being worked out. Methods for calculation of operating deviations with the application of correction curves and a mathematical model are described. Exemplary calculation results are presented.