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Glutamate receptors in the central nervous system

100%

Kolonko A.

nr 6

719-731

A lot of clinical processes following excessive stimulation of glutamate receptors seem to participate in pathophysiology of numerous acute and chronic neurologicla disorders.The whole of these reactions has been named as "glutamate cascade", because of the central role of glutamate in initiation and intensification of these processes.In this article, classification of different types of glutamate receptors and several hypotheses concerning mechanisms of glutamate neurotoxic activity are presented.A wide variety of neurological diseases, which etiologies are more or less connected with glutamate toxicity are discussed. At last, the future perspecives for treatment by drugs which action is though to be mediated through glutmate receptord are persented.

Neurotoxin induced modification of a cockroach central nervous system bioelectrical activity

80%

Stankiewicz M. , Panek I. , Grajpel B. , Tegowska E. , Kadziela W. , Pelhate M.

nr 3

371-379

Natural neurotoxins are promising molecules in the actual search for the development of alternative pest management since chemical insecticides pose unacceptable risks to the environment and to health. The aim of the article is to describe the application of two electrophysiological methods (double-oil-gap technique used on cockroach isolated giant axon and microelectrode technique used on cockroach neurosecretory DUM cells in situ) to study neurotoxin effects on insect nervous system function.

Nitro l arginine attenuates SKF 38393 - induced oral activity in neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats

70%

Brus R. , Szkilnik R. , Nowak P. , Kostrzewa R. M.

tom 57

nr 4

283-287

Nitric oxide (NO) in brain has been implicated in neuronal regulatory processes and in neuropathologies. Previously we showed that NO modified quinpirole induced yawning, a behavioral measure of dopamine (DA) D3 receptor activation in rats. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of nitro L arginine methyl ester HCl (NAME) and L arginine HCl on reactivity of rats to the DA D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 and DA D1 antagonist SCH 23390 in intact and neonatal6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA) lesioned rats (134 mug of base ICV at 3rd dayafter birth). L arginine HCl (300 mg/kg IP) increased the oral activity response in 6 OHDA lesioned rats, like SKF 38393, and induced catalepsy in intact control rats, like SCH 23390. In contrast, NAME had no effect on oral activity or catalepsy, but fully attenuated SKF 38393 induced oral activity. These findings indicate that L arginine HCl has no apparent effect at the DA D1receptor, but that NAME is effective in attenuating a DA D1 agonist - induced effect. Consequently NO may be an intracellular second mesenger for supersensitized receptors associated with DA D1 agonist induced oral activity.ity.

Implications of the subtilisin/kexin-like precursor convertases in the development and function of nervous tissues

51%

Marcinkiewicz M. , Seidah N. G. , Chretien M.

nr 1

287-298

Furin, PC1, PC2 and PC5 represent mammalian convertases (PCs) found in endocrine, central and peripheral nervous tissues, which cleave a number of precursors at basic residues normally processed in vivo. Typical bonds cleaved by PCs include the pairs Lys-Arg, Arg-Arg and Arg-X-Lys/Arg-Arg. These cleavage sites have been detected following coexpression of each convertase in cell lines together with different precursors as models, including proopiomelanocortin (POMC), proinsulin and proNGF and proBDNF. The presence of PCs and different precursors was revealed by in situ hybridization or immunocytochemistry in cultured AtT-20 cells, in the developing CNS, pituitary, and pancreatic islets. In an experimental model of epilepsy in which epileptiform activities were provoked by kainic acid administration, we observed a similar transient expression of furin and PC1 as compared to that of NGF and BDNF. In conclusion, it is proposed that under different stimuli various precursors are activated by a unique cocktail of convertases, each of which either alone or in combination with others acts to process inactive precursors, and thereby playing an important role in development and in the plasticity of neuronal system.