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Localisation of rDNA in the Lupinus genome during the cell cycle

100%

Naganowska B. , Zielinska A.

nr 2

189-193

Observations of a specific rDNA locus behaviour during the cell cycle were made by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) in 12 Lupinus species. Due to the pattern of chromatin de-condensation in that locus, the number of relevant sites in interphase nuclei was twice as high as the number of signals on metaphase chromosomes. The description of successive phases and an attempt of an explanation are given.

Processes involved in the repair of injured airway epithelia

75%

Tesfaigzi Y.

nr 5

283-288

Recent studies have uncovered many aspects of the repair processes that follow airway epithelial injury. Although the repair process has common elements among various epithelia, such as the ones lining the airways, skin, and gut, there are differences based on their diverse functions. Whenever possible, similarities are pointed out that could help researchers further investigate their application to airway epithelia, although it would be beyond the scope of this review to cover the processes that may occur during the repair of all types of epithelia. In general, five major steps are involved in the recovery of airway epithelia from injury: 1) epithelial cells migrate to cover denuded areas within minutes, and certain proteins, such as the trefoil factor family proteins, are crucial to this process; 2) epithelial cells start to proliferate in order to replace injured cells and to differentiate to establish squamous or mucous cell metaplasia; 3) because more epithelial cells are present after proliferation, some of the cells must be discarded to restore the epithelium to the original condition; 4) once the cell numbers have been reduced to those found in unexposed individuals, the normal proportions of cell types are restored; 5) finally, studies from exposures of rats to ozone show that epithelial cells can adapt and develop a memory of the chronic exposure to which they were exposed. This adaptation allows the epithelium to respond quickly, thus minimizing further injury. Although the molecular mechanisms involved in these major steps of the recovery process are largely unknown, disruption of these steps clearly causes the permanent changes observed in diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and cancer; therefore, extensive research in these areas may provide ideas for novel therapies.

Microspore embryogensis ? the stress induced change of gametophytic into sporophytic development

75%

Cegielska-Taras T.

Biotechnologia

2004

nr 2

12-16

Microspores cultured in vitro can be reprogrammed to divide and produce a bipolar embryo. The reaction to stress treatment is a signal for inducing the sporophytic pathway, preventing the development of fertile pollen grain ? the gametophytic pathway. The ultimate goal is to convert each microspore from a heterozygous F1 plant to a doubled haploid plant so that a population of doubled haploids fully represents the genetic variability of the preceding meiosis.

Aneuploidy, chromosomal missegregation, and cell cycle reentry in Alzheimer's disease

63%

Zekanowski C. , Wojda U.

tom 69

nr 2

232-253

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a complex etiology and pathogenesis. Chromosome missegregation was proposed two decades ago to be responsible for neurodegeneration in AD patients. It was speculated that the aneuploidy is a result of aberrant cell cycle of neuronal progenitors during adult neurogenesis and/or of mature neurons. There is mounting evidence of increased rate of general aneuploidy and cell cycle reentry in the AD patients' brains, with area-specific pattern. In this review, we discuss the involvement of chromosome instability, genome damage and cell cycle impairment in AD pathology.