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POST-CARTESIAN DOUBT (Watpienie postkartezjanskie)

100%

Polak M.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

2010

tom 38

nr 2

107-122

René Descartes, whose philosophy is the inspiration of this essay, decided to examine his own thought. He started with doubt and he finally achieved certainty as to his own existence. The author of the 'Meditations in First Philosophy' created a bright and beautiful philosophy of thought. 'Post-Cartesian doubt' is a critical interpretation of the 'Meditations' regarding the characteristic of doubt as such. It is also an attempt at its development. After reconstructing the Cartesian doubt, the author introduces his own view in this regard. The key point of the text is the analysis of Cartesian formula of doubt by means of two categories: plurality and unity. The rest of the article contains an analysis of the self-reference of the doubt. For this purpose the author describes two possible ways of dissolving radical doubt (neutralization and meontologization), which is never easy, but is one of the most important theoretical assignments of the philosophy of thought. At the end of the text the author proposes a possible solution of this question, which is the renouncement of expectation of the unity.

O METAJAZYKOVOM ODMIETNUTÍ ZLOMYSEĽNÉHO KLAMÁRA

75%

Čana T.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

2019

tom 74

nr 4

291 – 307

The main aim of the paper is to reconstruct Wittgenstein's criticism of the possibility of holding the sceptical position we traditionally call Cartesian doubt. According to Wittgenstein, the concept of this position is unintelligent because of the specific way language works. In any system of linguistic signs, there is a constitutive – unique – connection between what competent users take to be unassailable about the external world on the one hand, and what the signs they use mean, on the other. As a result, it is not possible to comprehend a scenario in which I am not sure whether or not there is an external world all around me, and, at the same time, am able to understand the language I use. It looks as though what this scenario aimed to describe does not, in fact, represent a meaningful step in our game.