Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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THE POSSIBILITY OF LIMITING ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN SOCIALISM

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Wozniak T.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2007

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nr 1(184)

75-106

EN

A fast devastation of natural environment, wasteful exploitation of natural resources and accumulation of technological dangers is now taking place on the global scale. It seems to be impossible to counter-act these processes without executing a controlled slow down of economic growth and scientific-technological development. In this article the author examines the possibilities to limit growth in socialism - defined as a system where private property plays small role and economy is directed mainly with the use of command and control methods. He discusses in turn: the determinants which make deliberate slow down of economic growth in socialism unlikely; the difficulties of central coordination of economy in the condition of limited growth; and factors which support the politics of near zero growth in socialism. He also compares socialism with capitalism and proposes that policy of near zero growth is somewhat more probable in the first of these social orders. In the last section of this article he argues that a return of socialism is a real eventuality: 1. Accumulation of civilizational dangers pushes the state to expand which in turn makes the control of many spheres of social life more and more tightly. 2. Capitalism is destabilized by the fast growth of social inequalities on the global scale, especially in rich countries. 3. Foreign debt of United States is huge and it is still growing which makes the breakdown of its economy (and consequently a world-wide slump) more and more probable. Realisation of this scenario would lead to serious de-legitimisation of capitalism. It is hard to guess whether socialism can return before the devastation of natural environment, exploitation of natural resources and mounting technological dangers make it impossible. It is now probable, that soon we can expect the emergence of social order that will be in many ways similar to that which existed before the era of industrialisation.

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O (NE)PRODUKTÍVNOSTI DICHOTÓMIÍ V EVOLÚCII LIBERÁLNEJ DEMOKRACIE PRI HĽADANÍ LEPŠIEHO ČLOVEKA A SVETA

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Dobiaš D. , Dobiašová S.

Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy

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2018

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tom 11

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nr 1

34 – 45

EN

The work deals with the civilization trajectory of human reality which is marked by dichotomy of its own progressive and regressive features. In the intellectual tradition of Europe, there is the core of the desire to be recognized as a human being in an idea of dignity, freedom and moral will, supported by the power of human reason. The abovementioned characteristics limit and at the same time allow the reflection of steady conceptual structures in the evolution of modern liberal democracies, The perspective of awareness of ambiguity and paradoxical content of individual parameters of liberal democracy, ideologically shaped and fixed by worldviews of economic and political elites, from our point of view, is a mirror image of how those conditions differ from the standard assumptions formulated in theory.

3

Feministická politická ekonomie – analytický rámec pro interpretaci krize globálního kapitalismu?

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Sprincova V. , Jasurek M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2010

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tom 11

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nr 1

20-29

EN

The article introduces feminist political economy as an analytical tool or interpretative frame for exploring current economic crisis. In the beginning of the article, the authors focus on the wider context of feminist theories and approaches to capitalism within their development. The point is to show that contemporary feminist critiques of global capitalism tie in with the earlier tradition of feminist thought. In the next part, the authors introduce the theoretical grounds and basic theses of feminist political economy through the work of V. Spike Peterson and J. K. Gibson-Graham. The last part of the article focuses on specific issues linked to the current crisis of global capitalism and on the questions raised by this approach. The main questions are: how can we describe the crisis and what solutions can we search for? Is it a crisis of the hegemonic capitalist mode of production, a crisis of the capitalocentrist order, or just a crisis of certain institutions? Is the current economic crisis only a negative phenomenon, or does it open the way to establishing alternative paradigms to that of the global hegemony of capitalism?

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THE CITIZENS AND THE CONSUMERS. FREE MARKET, DEMOCRACY AND THE CIVIC SOCIETY IN THE ERA OF TURBOCAPITALISM (Obywatele i konsumenci. Wolny rynek, demokracja i spoleczenstwo obywatelskie w epoce turbokapitalizmu)

100%

Sowa J.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2007

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tom 10

89-107

EN

The article aims to verify the popular thesis that capitalism inevitably leads to the democratic system. In author's opinion such an assumption is a part of the threatening postpolitical ideology. According to postpolitical ideology the decisions on the most important social problems shouldn't be a political issue, but the concern of experts and managers acting in the name of capitalist-liberal consensus. However, stresses the author, in the first part of the article, during two last centuries the cornerstones of democracy - that is: civic rights, gender equality, education for all, equal chances in the public sphere - weren't a 'gift' of the capitalist system but an effect of emancipatory efforts of different social groups. It is not the market but the public policy who is responsible for achieving the public welfare. In the second part of the article discusses the neoliberal ideology threats to democracy, that is: the apotheosis of consumption and the depreciation of the idea of the common good.

5

Forum: Questions about social order

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Aniol W. , Nieciunski W. , Baszkiewicz J. , Dziewiecka-Bokun L. , Ejsmond Z. , Frieske K. W. , Gilejko L. , Horodenski R. , Kabaj M. , Kowalik T. , Kozlowski , P. , Markiewicz W. , Modzelewski W. , Morawski W. , Morecka Z. , Rakowski M. , Sadowski A. , Sadowski Z. , Stasiak A. , Tabin M. , Wilkin J.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2004

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nr 6

13-124

EN

The special feature of this issue is debate concerning explanations of the new social order in Poland and remedies to its internal problems after 1989. Professor W. Nieciunski wrote an essay based on five important and basic questions about social order and modernization of Poland. What were the sources of 1989 revolution and decay of the state socialism in the Soviet Union? What changes occurred during restitution of capitalism (systemic transformation) and what consequences did they have? What antagonisms and conflicts shape Poland's external environment? What kind of goals and activities for modernization should we promote to remove Poland's civilizational delay? What systemic arrangements can ensure conciliatory resolution of unavoidable internal conflicts as well as creation of conditions favorable to general progress of Polish society and realization of goals necessary for modernization? Twenty prominent figures from Polish academic community agreed to answer and to discuss points made by professor W. Nieciunski.

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WELCOME TO CAPITALISM. INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSIONS OF ART HISTORY IN POST-COMMUNIST SLOVAKIA

88%

Orišková M.

ARS

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2012

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tom 45

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nr 1

56 – 66

EN

The paper examines the social and institutional dimensions of art history in post-communist Slovakia. Art history itself an often-presumed neutral autonomous science – though brutally contaminated ideologically in the previous regime – struggles today with several problems. Not only a lack of self-reflection on the discipline and its methods and a lack of critical dialogue with past practices, but a new socio-economic framework outline the set of questions that need to be asked. The fundamental question, which the author asks, is how the science entitled art historiography is constituted and how it distributes knowledge under new conditions through concrete institutions.

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KONCEPT TRETEJ CESTY – ÚSILIE O PRESTAVBU SOCIÁLNEJ DEMOKRACIE

88%

Polačková A.

Annales Scientia Politica

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2016

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tom 5

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nr 2

50 - 57

EN

The paper deals with the social democracy reform in terms of the "Third Way" concept of British sociologist Anthony Giddens. It briefly describes the evolution of social democracy subjects considering their establishment, period of prosperity and dominance, until the crisis and efforts undertaken for their restoration. Therefore it tends to analyse the main pillars and attributes of the "Third Way" concept based on the roots and the history of its creation. The paper does not aspire to provide definite judgement on this concept, but focuses more on the theoretical background and practical implementations trans-formed into real policies executed by selected political parties.

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MATERIAL BASIS QUALIFIED EMPLOYEES IN POLAND; FROM BACKWARD CAPITALISM, INVALID SOCIALISM TO DEPENDANT CAPITALISM (Polish title -below)

88%

Rakowski M.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2007

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tom 10

151-176

EN

(Title in Polish - 'Materialne podstawy pozycji pracowników umyslowych w Polsce; od zacofanego kapitalizmu, niesprawnego socjalizmu do zaleznego kapitalizmu'). The article presents the history and the present situation of the salary discrepancies between white-collars, blue-collars and farmers in Poland. The first part of the article describes the huge disparities in period 1918-1939, when the level white-collar salaries were up to four times higher than those of workers. In the second part, the changes during the communist time are presented. The number of white-collar employees rose three times, but comparing to the period before the WW II, their living standard fell significantly. The last part of the text focuses on the contemporary situation of white-collar employees. The author, using the quantitative data discusses broadly the income disparities in present-day Poland. He states that only the living standard of the most earning decil of white-collar employees may be compared to Polish bourgeoisie. On the contrary, the salaries and the living standard of 80% of white-collar is comparable to those of blue workers. Thus this two social classes, stresses the author, should unite in defense against the bourgeoisie's exploitation of working class in Poland.

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„TÁTO EKONOMIKA ZABÍJA“ ALEBO „PÁPEŽ NEROZUMEJÚCI EKONOMIKE?“

75%

Šoltés R.

Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis

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2016

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tom 15

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nr 2

5 – 18

EN

The exhortation of Pope Francis Evangelii Gaudium brought many ideas and reflections of the contemporary Church, but also the Western world, which has become characterised by a way of economic thinking and acting that increasingly clashes with borders of social ethics. Francis´ controversial dictum “this economy kills” (EG 53) questions the discourse of contemporary standards in the economic space. But the criticism of the current capitalist economy by Francis is not solitary in the tradition of the social doctrine of the Church, but builds on the previous encyclicals, which also critically assess style of market economy, that does not respect the dignity of the human person. They do not condemn the market economy in itself, but draw attention to the necessary ethical dimension of economics, namely, to serve man and not vice versa.

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Církev a její potíže s liberalismem a kapitalismem

75%

Micka R.

Studia theologica

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2004

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tom 6

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nr 4

70-83

EN

The article deals with the problem of relationships between those modes. It briefly outlines the historical development of the relationship of papal social teaching and Christian thought to capitalism and liberalism. This relationship is predominantly negative. On the other hand, the article discusses the permanent influence of socialism and Marxism on theology and social thought. The next step is an attempt to clarify the conceptual misunderstanding of the terms liberalism and capitalism. The neoconservative Michael Novak outlines the 'Whig tradition' of catholic thinkers - not seeing the contradiction between the catholic concept of moral life and capitalism supported by the ideology of classical liberalism. Pope John Paul II, based on his social encyclicals, is one of those thinkers.

11

VISION AND COMMUNISM

63%

Jackson M. J.

ARS

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2012

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tom 45

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nr 1

18 – 25

EN

Within global capitalism’s burgeoning atmosphere of sex and death, the Soviet Bloc’s communist societies nurtured devotion to encyclopaedias, museums, nineteenth-century novels, and popular science, as well as an official dedication to an atheistic, rational humanity. As such, this atmosphere turned out to be the twentieth century’s most sustained dissident public visual culture. Within this world, Viktor Koretsky’s art struggled to solve an enduring riddle: how to ensure or restore Communism’s moral health through the production of a distinctively Communist vision. In this sense Koretsky’s art demonstrates what an “avant-garde late Communist art” would have looked like if we had ever seen it mature.