Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Granice etniczności w relacjach między Mossi i Kurumbami w Burkina Faso

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Buchalik L.

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2010

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tom 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce

69-84

EN

The paper discusses the problem of borders existing in our times or only appearing between various ethnic groups of West Africa. It also deals with overcoming the borders and creating new identities because of their activation. The interactions are presented with the examples of mixed marriages, entered by the Mossi and the Kurumba people in the area of Pela Kingdom founded by the Kurumba in the area where today the Loroum Province in northern Burkina Faso is located. In late 15th century, the state of Yatenga was established by the Mossi. Its quick territorial expansion resulted in conflicts with autochtons, e.g. the Kurumba. The fights that were conducted left in the Kurumba collective memory an image of the Mossi as cruel enemies; as a consequence, getting married with the Mossi became forbidden, as well as using the Moore language in places and ceremonies important for the Kurumba. At the end of 19th century, as French armed forces entered the northern area of today's Burkina Faso, the period of wars and anxiety finished and the attitude of the Kurumba toward the Mossi became evolving. Because of the peaceful approach of the Kurumba, the Mossi started to settle in their villages. As the time passed, the ban on marriages with the Mossi was more and more frequently ignored; thus, nowadays there are many mixed marriages in the Kurrumba villages. Everyday life does not bring any problems with the coexistence of the two peoples. However, problems appear during important celebrations in which the country ruler participates, as according to the tradition, the Moore language must not be used then. In such situations there appears a question: when does a stranger start to be treated as a fellow countryman and in which situations may one's wife be treated as a stranger? It is difficult to answer explicitly, even the Kurumba themselves provide various interpretations. Nevertheless, they all focus on the opinion that a fellow is someone living in the same area and a stranger is someone living outside. In this situation, also the attitude to the Mossi as former enemies has changed. Upon the research, it may be concluded that in the future the processes happening in the Kurumba consciousness may lead either to complete assimilation with the Mossi or to creation of a new-quality consciousness that will be identified more with the idea of a Burkinabe - a citizen of Burkina Faso - than a subject to the traditional ruler. This also seems to confirm the thesis of B. Lugan - discussed in the paper God bless Africa - which claims that imposing a "democratic diktat" to the modern African countries makes the feeling of belonging to an ethnic group or a tribe disappear, while the feeling of belonging to a larger social group, e.g. a state, emerges.

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Agronomic evaluation and economic profitability of biopesticide derived a neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed in leafy onion and African eggplant production

88%

Zongo K. F. , Dabire K. , Sogoba K. H. , Zongo S. F. , Sanon A. , Guebre D. , Hien E.

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tom 48

14-27

EN

Leafy onion and African eggplant are two profitable crops whose yields are negatively impacted by insect pests, vectors and diseases. This study was undertaken to compare the agronomic efficacy and economic profitability of neem seed extract to the conventional vegetable crop in Louda village. A randomised complete block design with three replications including one treatment of Neem seed grain powder aqueous extract (TB); treatment of chemical pesticide of industrial synthesis (TP); and control treatment, without any phytosanitary treatment (TA) was implemented with farmers. The results showed that neem seed extracts had comparable effects to chemical pesticides in pest control. Indeed, compared to the TA treatment, the TP and TB treatments significantly reduced the number of perforated plants of Leafy onion and African eggplant. The number of diseased plants of African eggplant was significantly reduced by -239% under TB treatment compared to TA. The best yields were recorded with the TB and TP treatments significantly increases of 33 and 44% on leafy onion and 57 and 56% on African eggplant respectively compared to the TA treatment. Economically, the results showed that gross margins from production and marketing of leafy onion under TB and TP were 63% and 17% higher respectively; net margins 91% and 76%; and average labour productivity 91% and 80% higher than under TA. These results show that the use of biopesticides in leafy onion and African eggplant crops was relatively equal to and many times more agronomically and economically effective than industrial pesticide treatment. Thus, better pest management by vegetable growers and the production of healthy produce can be achieved by adopting organic production and by training garden farmers in the manufacture and use of biopesticides.

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Geneza konfliktu w Burkina Faso w latach 2014- 2019

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Danielewicz K.

Przegląd Geopolityczny

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2020

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tom 32

109-124

PL

Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie przyczyn konfliktu jaki trwa w Burkina Faso od 2014 roku. Po wybuchu konfliktu zbrojnego w Mali w 2012 r., który był konsekwencją upadku reżimu Kadafiego i pomimo zaangażowania środowiska międzynarodowego w jego zakończenie, rozlewa się on na nowe tereny w Mali i poza jej granice. Od 2015 r. w Burkina Faso dramatycznie pogorszyła się sytuacja bezpieczeństwa, która w chwili obecnej wymyka się spod kontroli. Konflikt w Mali jest tylko jednym z powodów takiej sytuacji. Innymi elementami kształtującymi sytuację wewnętrzną są: odejście ze stanowiska byłego prezydenta Blaise Compaoré, działania lokalnej grupy zbrojnej Ansar ul Islam, tarcia pomiędzy różnymi grupami religijnymi i narodowościowymi oraz od lat nierozwiązane problemy ekonomiczne. Analizy zawarte w artykule wsparte są danymi dostępnymi w bieżących publikacjach wyspecjalizowanych portali internetowych, takich jak The African Center for Strategic Studies, International Crisis Group, Terrorism Monitor, Long War Journal i West African Papers.

EN

The purpose of the article is to explain the causes of the conflict that has been going on in Burkina Faso since 2014. After the outbreak of the armed conflict in Mali in 2012, which was a consequence of the collapse of the Gaddafi regime and despite the involvement of the international community in its termination, it is spreading to new areas in Mali and beyond. Since 2015, the security situation in Burkina Faso has dramatically deteriorated, which is currently getting out of control. The conflict in Mali is just one of the reasons for this. Other elements shaping the internal situation are: resignation from the post of former president Blaise Compaoré, the activities of the local armed group Ansarul Islam, friction between various religious and national groups, and unresolved economic problems for years. The analyzes contained in the article are supported by data available in current publications of specialized websites, such as The African Center for Strategic Studies, International Crisis Group, Terrorism Monitor, Long War Journal and West African Papers.