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1

За етапите в изграждането на старобългарския/славянския хомилиар. Факти и хипотези

100%

Мирчева Е.

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tom 62

93-102

EN

The article deals with some problems of formation of a Slavic Homiliar and translating a Sermon for Nativity of Virgin Mary – N 21 of Codex Suprasliensis – a text created in Preslav in the middle of the 10th c. – and relationship of this text in the development of the Slavic Homiliar. Recently scholars have been speaking in an ever more convincing manner of “early” and “late” Preslav. The author believes that when trying to find the states of this development, this direction should be followed.

2

The Bulgarian-Romanian language boundary: anthroponymical data

75%

Колева [Koleva] К. K.

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tom 15

EN

The Bulgarian-Romanian language boundary: anthroponymical dataThe topic is Balkan anthroponymy. The area is the Lower Danube – the Bulgarian-Romanian language boundary. In this contact zone there is a distribution of family names, formed from urbonyms. They signal a specific regional belonging, and they show the link with the common area: the Danube river. We are referring to family names of the type: Vidinliev, Kalafatov, Beketov, Svishtovliev, Ruschukliev, Kalarashev, Tutrakanov, (meaning ‘from Vidin’, ‘from Calafat’, ‘from Bechet’, ‘from Svishtov’, ‘from Ruse’, ‘from Calarashi’, ‘from Tutrakan’). This phenomenon is widespread on both banks of the river. Bułgarsko-rumuńska granica językowa. Dane antroponimiczneArtykuł dotyczy bałkańskiej antroponimii w regionie dolnego Dunaju, stanowiącego bułgarsko-rumuńską granicę i jednocześnie strefę kontaktu. W tym regionie częste są nazwiska derywowane od nazw miejscowości. Sygnalizują one pochodzenie, wskazując jednocześnie na rodowód miejscowy, tj. z regionu naddunajskiego. Są to nazwiska takie jak: Vidinliev, Kalafatov, Beketov, Svištovliev, Rusčukliev, Kalarašev, Tutrakanov (oznaczające: 'z Vidinu, z Kalafatu, z Svištova, z Ruse, z Kalaraši, z Tutrakanu'). Zjawisko to występuje po obu stronach Dunaju.

3

To the question of the Russian–Czech–Slovak–Bulgarian–English paremiological core

63%

Kotova M. Y.

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nr 1

3-18

EN

Based on the Russian paremiological minimum of G. L. Permyakov and its reflection in the three Slavonic languages and the English language, determined by the methodology of one sociolinguistic paremiological experiment conducted in 2000-s by the author, this study is a further development of the G. L. Permyakov’s idea of the general international paremiological core. There is here the first representation of the Russian–Czech–Slovak–Bulgarian–English paremiological core as a condensation of a few author’s published collections of frequent current Slavonic and English proverbs, verified recently with the data of Internet space. Special attention is paid in this article to the characteristics of the Czech part of the analyzed paremiological core.

4

Complessità del sistema dei tempi passati: italiano e bulgaro a confronto

63%

Vargolomova D.

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nr 14.2

51-69

IT

Gli studi comparativi sulla complessità negli ultimi tempi suscitano sempre di più l’interesse anche dei linguisti. Nel presente intervento si cerca di confrontare i mezzi grammaticali per l’espressione di azioni passate in italiano e in bulgaro, partendo proprio dalle teorie sulla complessità linguistica. La complessità delle strutture linguistiche generalmente viene esaminata da due principali punti di vista: 1) complessità assoluta o complessità delle strutture; e 2) complessità per l’utente o relativa. La ricerca sulla complessità assoluta si propone l’obiettivo di misurare strutture linguistiche con criteri oggettivi, mentre lo studio che parte dalla seconda accezione del termine indaga la percezione soggettiva di chi parla o studia una o più lingue riguardo le dette strutture, approccio legato soprattutto alla glottodidattica. Anche se generalmente ogni studio concreto predilige solo una delle due prospettive, noi riteniamo che le correlazioni tra il grado di complessità strutturale e le difficoltà per l’utente debbano essere analizzate e misurate. L’analisi proposta, di conseguenza, parte dal confronto tra le strutture per l’espressione del passato e si concretizza nel lavoro di traduzione dall’italiano in bulgaro. Il lavoro contrastivo isola e misura unità come il numero dei tempi e dei modi nelle due lingue, il numero delle regole, ecc. La parte sulla complessità relativa si basa sulle ore di traduzione per gli studenti di filologia italiana presso l’Università di Sofia “San Clemente d’Ocrida” e sulle difficoltà che loro sperimentano nella resa dei tempi passati.

EN

Comparative studies of complexity have recently provoked the growing interest of linguists. In this paper, we compare the grammatical structures for the expression of past actions in Italian and in Bulgarian, based on the theories of linguistic complexity. The linguistic structures’ complexity is generally examined from two main points of view: 1) absolute complexity and 2) user or relative complexity. The research on absolute complexity aims to measure linguistic structures with objective criteria, while the studies based on the second meaning of the term investigate the subjective perception of individuals speaking or studying one or more languages; this latter approach is related primarily to language teaching. Even if each individual study generally favours only one of the two perspectives, we believe the correlations between the degree of structural complexity and the difficulties for the user should be considered and measured. The proposed analysis, consequently, is based on the comparison between the grammatical structures for the expression of the past but also involves an empirical study on the translation work from Italian into Bulgarian. Contrastive work consists in the isolation and measurement of units, such as the number of tenses, modes, and rules in the two languages, and is based on the students’ translation practices in Italian philology at Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski and the difficulties they experience when translating the past tenses.

5

Семантични особености на глаголния префикс ув родопските диалекти на българския език

51%

Кочева А.

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tom 15

119-126

EN

The issue of the semantic distinction between the two prefixes: у- and о- in the all-Bulgarian plan (literary language and dialects) is generally solved in the following manner: the prefix о-, originating from the old Bulgarian preposition о (об, обь) still denotes ‘touching the surface’ ‘or ‘ external coverage of an object’ while the prefix y- means ‘place of action’ or ‘action directed towards // or inside the object’, as well as ‘centrifugal action of an object’. In dialects, however, mostly for phonetic reasons, these basic meanings of prefixes often change. The situation is not the same even in the Rhodope dialects. In the northern (mostly Christian) dialects, the labial suffix (y-, o-) is more typical, in the south (mostly Bulgarian-Mohammedan) – of the non-labial type (ạ or a).

BG

Въпросът за семантичното разграничаване на двата префикса у- и о- в общобългарски план (книжовен език и диалекти) най-общо е решаван така: представката о-, произхождаща от старобългарския предлог о (объ, обь), и днес означава ‘докосване до повърхността’ или ‘външно обхващане на предмета’, докато представката у- означава ‘място на действие’ или ‘действие, насочено към//или във вътрешността на предмета’, а също така и ‘центробежно действие от предмета’. В диалектите обаче най-вече поради фонетични причини, тези основни значения на префиксите често претърпяват промени. Ситуацията не е еднаква дори в самите родопски говори. В северните (предимно християнски) говори по-типична е наставката от лабиален тип (у-, о-), в южните (предимно българо-мохамедански) – от нелабиален тип (ạ или а).

6

A Case of the Non-Directionality of Language Change: The Strength of Auxiliaries and Pronouns in South and West Slavic

51%

Migdalski K.

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tom 23

PL

Artykuł omawia zagadnienie kierunkowości zmian językowych, opierając się na danych z języków słowiańskich. W szczególności artykuł podejmuje kwestię istnienia uniwersalnych trendów i wzorców zmian diachronicznych w języku, takich jak jednorodne osłabienie słów pod względem prozodycznym i morfoskładniowym. Badane są dwa typy wyrazów funkcyjnych: czasowniki posiłkowe i zaimki osobowe. Jak wykazano, formy te podległy zmianom diachronicznym, które nastąpiły w przeciwnych kierunkach: podczas gdy czasowniki posiłkowe uległy prozodycznemu i morfoskładniowemu osłabieniu, w niektórych językach słowiańskich zaimki osobowe uległy wzmocnieniu.

EN

This paper discusses the directionality of language change on the basis of Slavic data. Specifically, it addresses the question of whether there exist predefined patterns and diachronic trends that affect words in terms of their prosodic and morphosyntactic strength. The paper investigates two classes of functional elements, auxiliary verbs and pronominal clitics, showing that they have undergone diachronic changes in opposite directions: while auxiliaries have weakened, pronominal forms have become strengthened in some Slavic languages.

7

Die Numerusbildung in den Balkansprachen. Ein typologischer Vergleich

44%

Kahl T. , Metzeltin M.

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tom 15

EN

The formation of the grammatical number in the standard Balkan languages. A typological comparisonThis article is part of the wider project Grammatica Balkanica, the intentions of which have already been mentioned in previous publications. The present study is based on standard languages and its focus is laid less on historical than on typological aspects. Before dealing with the Balkan languages, a similar approach on the Romance languages was conducted. The present paper discusses the differences and similarities in the formation of the grammatical number in the standard Balkan languages. Formation models will be delivered based on examples. The same approach should be applied to all Slavic languages. The aim of the whole project is to examine the differences and similarities between languages regarding the morphological and syntactic formation patterns, the phenomena of their convergence and divergence, the extent to which these factors are connected to cultural history and cognitive development. Gramatyczna kategoria liczby w językach bałkańskich. Typologia zagadnieniaArtykuł wpisuje się w szerszy projekt Grammatica Balkanica, którego zadania przedstawiono we wcześniejszych publikacjach. Prezentowana obecnie analiza oparta jest na językach literackich i koncentruje się przede wszystkim na aspekcie typologicznym, mniej zaś na historycznym. Wcześniej przeprowadzono analogiczne badania porównawcze w odniesieniu do języków romańskich W tym artykule skoncentrowano się na inwentaryzacji różnic i podobieństw w formach wyrażania semantycznej kategorii liczby w literackich odmianach języków bałkańskich. Strukturalne modele tej kategorii oparte są na analizie konkretnych przykładów. Podobne podejście będzie zastosowane w przyszłości do języków słowiańskich. Celem całego projektu jest zbadanie międzyjęzykowych różnic i podobieństw w sferze morfologicznych i syntaktycznych wzorców wyrażania, stwierdzenie konwergencji i dywergencji w tym zakresie oraz określenie, w jakim stopniu czynniki te wpisują się w historię kultury i w procesy kognitywne.