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Badania Ludwika Brunera (1871-1913) kinetyki chemicznej

100%

Dolecki M.

2007

tom R. 52, nr 2

103-135

In the article were discussed research works that were taken up on Polish territories by the Cracow scientist, and the first professor of Physical Chemistry - Ludwik Bruner over kinetics of homogenous and heterogenous systems. The kinetic searches of Bruner rere the crucial point in his activity. Up till now there has appeared a small number of ublications presenting the most significant achievements of the scientist. Bruner's research works over kinetics can be divided thematically into 2 main: part: -reactions velocity, photokinetics and catalysis of homogenous systems: kinetics of substitution of bromine in aromatic compounds, and addition of bromine to nonsaturated compounds, catalysis in bromination - and particularly the catalyctic action of iodine, kinetics of estrification; experiments on effect of light on the process and chemical reactions velocity -kinetics of heterogenous systems: research on the velocity of dissolution of solid bodies according to Noyes-Whitney's standard. Bruner's research works over kinetics played a significant role in the development of the scientific research on organic reactions velocity and dissolution velocity.

Badania Ludwika Brunera z elektrochemii

100%

Dolecki M.

tom R. 52, nr 3/4

165-184

The present article is showing the most significant findings concerning electrochemistry of the Cracow's scholar - Ludwik Bruner. Electrochemistry was the second and main - after chemical kinetics - field of research work of the scientist. Bruner usually together with his co-workers and students - used to take up his scientific research on electroche- mistry both of hydrous and anhydrous solutions. During his stay in Karlsruhe in 1903, he took up searches on Jacques cell together with Fritz Haber. The researchers revealed that Jacques cell is in fact fuel cell. Bruner's kinetic searches on the reaction of bromination of toluene in nitrobenzene made him start works over electrochemistry of non - aqueous solutions and, in particular, over halogens and interhalogen compounds in solutions (mainly in nitrobenzeneanj in liquid SO:), and halogens in solutions and in liquid state. As far as the solutions ol halogens and interhalogen compounds are concerned, Bruner did not state any existena of halogen cations. Moreover, the Cracow's scholar pointed out, among others, thenen value of electrochemical potential of ions S2\ Late in life Bruner was interested inelec trochemistry of aqueous solutions of non - metal hydrides - H2Se and H2Te.

Fotochemia w pracach dawnych badaczy polskich. Cz. 2. Lata 1900-1918

44%

Ruziewicz Z.

tom [Z] 52, 5-6

325-351

The achievements of Polish scientists are presented against the background of rapid development of photochemistry in the years 1900 - 1918. In organic photochemistry the photohalogenations were the topic of the main interest to many chemists at the universities of Lvov (Bronisław Radziszewski, Stanisław Opolski, Stanisław Tołłoczko) and Cracow (Julian Schramm's folowers). He acenaphthylene photodimerization was discovered in Cracow by Karol Dziewoński in 1912 and the structure of two stereoisomers of the dimer thus obtained was proposed (1913). Contributions of Jan Bielecki, done in Paris (1910-1914), in collaboration with Victor Henri and René Wurmser, are mentioned. Extensive photokinetic studies carried out by Ludwik Bruner at the Jagiellonian University (1907-1913) and the precursory work of Józef Wierusz Kowalski on the phosphorescence spectra of organic molecules, performed in Fribourg (1907-1914), are discussed.