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Textbooks at the Academy of Bremen at the Beginning of the 17th Century: New Evidence from the Bohemian Brethren Archives in Mladá Boleslav

100%

Růčková M.

Acta Comeniana (International review of Comenius studies and early modern intellectual history)

2010

tom 24

73-98

Even though after 1555 there was religious freedom within the Holy Roman Empire, such liberties could not be enjoyed by the Reformed higher aristocracy in instances when they wanted to found a university. This could only be done once an ‘Emperor’s Prerogative’ was granted. The question for the Reformed higher aristocracy was how to ensure that the academic level of education in their own institutions was similar to universities. The solution was found in the creation of a system of regional academies (so called gymnasium illustre). The model for such academies is considered to be the Strasbourg Academy, which was further refined in the Herborn Academy. The Herborn Academy inspired the rise of other educational centres, one of which was the gymnasium illustre in Bremen, which was reorganized in 1610 by Matthias Martinius, the school’s most significant rector. The Bremen Academy had two parts, the pedagogeum and the gymnasium illustre. The teaching at the pedagogeum followed established teaching syllabuses, which, unfortunately, are not available to us from Rector Martinius’s period. However, there are certain references to the content of the teaching materials and textbooks used at that time, which can be found in correspondence and the accounting records of the academy’s students, the priests-to-be of the Unity of Brethren, who due to the lack of suitable educational centres in the Czech lands, studied at foreign schools. From the accounting records of Daniel Němčanský, who studied at the Bremen Academy at this time, we know of several books that were used. The listing of these books is located at the end of this work.

Die Nordroute der Auswanderer aus der Habsburgermonarchie

75%

Boček M.

West Bohemian Historical Review

2017

tom 7

nr 2

239-270

Inhabitants of the Habsburg Monarchy began to dominate in the number of immigrants heading to the United States of America after year 1883. The largest number of emigrants were heading through the North German ports, because the journey to the north of Germany was not difficult at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Thanks to emigration, two German ports, Hamburg and Bremen, recorded the prosperity growth. Both ports played a major role in emigration as an imaginary gateway for emigrants from the Monarchy, and both German shipping companies, Hamburg Amerikanische Paketfahrt Aktien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG) based in Hamburg and Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL) of which shipping departed port Bremen, must be grateful for poor emigrants from the Habsburg Monarchy. German companies began to focus on the Monarchy market, especially after the German Government began regulating emigration from its own country, and then the two German shipping companies found a replacement in the Monarchy.

Funkcjonowanie rynku hurtowego w Bremen [RFN]

75%

Wajs P.

NIWA Rolnicza. Nowości, Informacje, Wiadomości, Agrobiznes

1997

tom 08

nr 05