Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Analysis of the level of knowledge of the local community about Bialowieza Forest

100%

Niedbała M. , Herudzińska M. , Korzybski D.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2023

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tom No. 123

76--85

EN

The research focused on ecological awareness and knowledge regarding the Białowieża Forest, conducting two survey studies in 2015 and 2022. The analysis covered ecological awareness, knowledge of forest stands, project awareness, and opinions on government decisions. The local community exhibited an average knowledge level, accompanied by a notable decline in ecological awareness. A surprising discovery was the increased knowledge among tourists, contrasting with ecologists who emerged as the most well-informed group. The study also assessed the impact of government decisions, drawing conclusions from data gathered across various respondent groups. The findings underscored the nuanced dynamics of ecological awareness within the community, highlighting the need for targeted educational initiatives and fostering environmental consciousness among the local population. Furthermore, the fluctuating awareness levels among different groups emphasized the importance of tailored strategies for effective communication and outreach. The research contributes valuable insights into the evolving landscape of ecological awareness and knowledge, shedding light on areas for improvement in environmental education and conservation efforts in the context of the Białowieża Forest.

PL

Badania zawarte w artykule dotyczą świadomości ekologicznej i wiedzy na temat Puszczy Białowieskiej. Przeprowadzono dwa badania ankietowe w 2015 i 2022 roku. Analizie poddano świadomość ekologiczną, wiedzę o drzewostanach, świadomość projektową oraz opinie na temat decyzji rządowych. Lokalna społeczność wykazywała przeciętny poziom wiedzy, któremu towarzyszył wyraźny spadek świadomości ekologicznej. Zaskakującym odkryciem był wzrost wiedzy wśród turystów, w przeciwieństwie do ekologów, którzy okazali się najlepiej poinformowaną grupą. W badaniu oceniono również wpływ decyzji rządowych, wyciągając wnioski z danych zebranych w różnych grupach respondentów. Wyniki podkreśliły zróżnicowaną dynamikę świadomości ekologicznej w społeczności, podkreślając potrzebę ukierunkowanych inicjatyw edukacyjnych i wspierania świadomości ekologicznej wśród lokalnej ludności. Co więcej, wahania poziomu świadomości wśród różnych grup podkreśliły znaczenie dostosowanych strategii skutecznej komunikacji i działań informacyjnych. Badania wnoszą cenny wkład w ewoluujący krajobraz świadomości i wiedzy ekologicznej, rzucając światło na obszary wymagające poprawy w zakresie edukacji ekologicznej i działań ochronnych w kontekście Puszczy Białowieskiej.

2

Tourist traffic in the Białowieża Forest in the light of research

100%

Jalinik M.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2017

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nr 473

247-256

EN

Tourist traffic is a socio-economic phenomenon and it has its specific features. The increase in the pace of life has its consequences mainly in the ways of organizing free time, and it has to do with a good rest. Many definitions and classifications of tourist traffic can be found in the subject literature. The intensity of tourist traffic varies in different seasons of the year. It should be noted that in addition to the proximity of the place of residence, qualities of the natural environment have been the main motive to come to the Białowieża Forest. This has been due to such factors as the attractiveness of the area, geographic location, international events and historical conditions. Therefore, the stay in the area of the Białowieża Forest focuses mainly on its exploration, experiences, leisure and entertainment. Studies have shown that there is a clear trend towards shortening the length of stay, and a few weeks’ holiday trips to one place have a tendency virtually to disappear. At the same time, weekend trips in summer and winter are growing in popularity.

3

Black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.) as a pioneer species in regeneration of fresh oak-linden-hornbeam forest (Tilio-Carpinetum typicum Traczyk 1962) in Białowieża Forest (East Poland)

100%

Obidziński A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2004

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tom Vol. 52, nr 4

533-551

EN

Black alder (alnus glutinosa Gaertn.) is considered a hygrophilous species. The aim of the research was to find out if black alder may play a role of a pioneer species in the habitat of Tilio-Carpinetum typicum Traczyk 1962, i.e. fresh oak-linden-hornbeam forest. The investigation was carried out in Białowieża Forest (East Poland). The vegetation was examined with the Braun-Blanquet (1928) method. Soil diagnosis was based on the analysis of soil profiles and a network of test borings. Ecological differentiation of the phytocoenoses in terms of light, humidity, and fertility factors was analysed by indicator values of vascular plants. Obtained results showed that black alder may play the role of a pioneer species in the habitat of fresh oak-linden-hornbeam forest (Tilio-Carpinetum typicum). This phenomenon may occur on haplic luvisols underlayed with clay, after clear-cuts bigger than 1 hectare. Secondary plant communities with black alder that develop in such conditions reveal characteristics of wet oak-linden-hornbeam forest (Tilio-Carpinetum stachyetosum Traczyk 1962).

4

Nonequilibrium landscapes and nature conservation in the Białowieża Forest

100%

Kowalewska A.

Polish Journal of Landscape Studies

|

2019

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tom 2

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nr 4-5

107-114

EN

Traditional conceptualizations presume that landscape and nature in general are characterized by a striving for balance. In consequence, environmental protection chiefly consists in conservation of the existing state, without making allowances for the dynamic changes caused by vital processes taking place in those landscapes, human and non-human alike. The current dispute concerning the protection of the Białowieża Forest is nothing but an upshot of the differences between the involved with respect to what should be protected on top of how it should be done. This study outlines the problems deriving from conceptualizations of nature and landscape as static entities and comes forward with a proposal of conceiving landscape not as an “image of the land”1 but a corporeal experience of being in a space, on which climate change, civilizational and social transformation, political decisions, and bark beetles all have their impact.

5

Female characteristics and breeding success of the Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis (Temm., 1815) in natural forest (Białowieża Forest, East Poland)

88%

Mitrus C.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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tom Vol. 53, nr 2

225-231

EN

The relation between Collared Flycatcher females' selected characteristics (age, body condition and wing length) and breeding success was studied during seven breeding seasons (1995-2001) in nest-boxes in old-growth oak-lime-hornbeam of Białowieża Forest (Eastern Poland). Yearling females started laying almost three days later and produced smaller clutches (6,1 vs. 6,4 eggs) with fewer nestlings (5,4 vs. 6,1) and fledglings (5,1 vs. 5,7) than did older females. No differences were found in partial losses (i.e. proportion of eggs or nestlings that did not fledge). Body condition had influence only on time of egg laying. Wing length of young females was positively correlated with number of fledglings but no relations were found with other reproductive parameters. Age may be a key factor influencing breeding success in female Collared Flycatchers in the natural conditions in Białowieża Forest.

6

The importance of animal food for Dryomys nitedula (Pallas) and Glis glis (L.) In Białowieża Forest(East Poland): analysis of faeces

75%

Nowakowski W. K. , Godlewska M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

|

tom Vol. 54, nr 3

359-367

EN

Fresh faeces of dormice found in nestboxes along the permanent transect in Białowieża Forest were analysed. The study area was a managed forest of diverse biotopes. In total, 196 samples of faeces of the forest dormouse (Dryomys nitedula) and 62 of edible dormouse (Glis glis) were examined. In the faeces analysed, the following categories of food remains were distinguished: chitin carapaces, calcareous shells, feathers, seeds, plant fibres. In the forest dormouse, chitin carapaces were found in 100% of samples, but in only 8% of the edible dormouse samples. Feathers were noted in 36% of samples of forest dormouse faeces, but only in 12% of samples from the edible dormouse. Calcareous shells were found in 14% of forest dormouse samples and 1.6% of edible dormouse faeces. Remains of animal food were found in 100% of samples of forest dormouse excrements, but only in 29% of samples from the edible dormouse. The highest percent of faecal samples with animal remains was found in the edible dormouse in July, while in the forest dormouse seasonal variation occurred only in some types of animal remains. Most of the chitin carapaces identified in forest dormouse faeces came from Chilopoda (45%), Hemiptera (33%) and Coleoptera (22%). In faeces of the edible dormouse the majority were remains of butterflies (55%). The results presented here suggest an almost total separation of the food niches of the two dormouse species.

7

Forest Return on an Abandoned Field – Secondary Succession Under Monitored Conditions

75%

Adamowski W. , Bomanowska A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Biologica et Oecologica

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2011

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tom 7

49-73

EN

The secondary succession pattern observed on an arable field abandoned since 1974 in Tilio-Carpinetum habitat is described and disscussed. Results obtained during 36 years of study confirm that succession on an abandoned field leads from a typical segetal community to the formation of a juvenile treestand composed of pioneer species. Our study supports the view that succession is a process which is largely dependent on the initial conditions and surrounding vegetation. The results indicate that some species can modify the course of this process, accelerating or slowing it down. Limitations of the method and prognosis of future vegetation development are also discussed.

8

PUSZCZA BIAŁOWIESKA W LITERATURZE DZIECIĘCEJ PRZEŁOMU XX I XXI WIEKU

75%

Nosek A.

Ars inter Culturas

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2016

|

nr 5

255-264

EN

The article presents the motif of the Białowieża Forest in the literature for children at the turn of the 21st century. The writers use the literary topos of the foresthome in their description of this place, they idealize the presented world and point out not only the values of nature but also the axiological and existential ones. Writers build the literary myth of the forest as mother-nature, in which the main place belongs to the bison. The Białowieża Forest has got its own storytellers, who create fabulous stories, full of universal as well as regional and borderland elements. Contemporary works with the motif of the Białowieża Forest in literature for children also helps readers shape a positive and responsible attitude towards nature.

9

Stawka większa niż las

71%

Szaj P.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Poetica

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2020

|

tom 8

342-355

EN

More than forest at stake [Book review – “O jeden las za daleko. Demokracja, kapitalizm i nieposłuszeństwo ekologiczne w Polsce” (A forest too far: democracy, capitalism and ecological disobedience in Poland), red. Przemysław Czapliński, Joanna B. Bednarek, Dawid Gostyński, Książka i Prasa, Warszawa 2019, ss. 365]

PL

Stawka większa niż las [Recenzja książki: „O jeden las za daleko. Demokracja, kapitalizm i nieposłuszeństwo ekologiczne w Polsce”, red. Przemysław Czapliński, Joanna B. Bednarek, Dawid Gostyński, Książka i Prasa, Warszawa 2019, ss. 365]

10

Z LiDAR-em w Puszczy Białowieskiej

63%

Zapłata R. , Stereńczak K. , Mitelsztedt K. , Kraszewski B.

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

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2020

|

tom nr 2

42--45

11

Napoleon, Białowieża Forest and the Last Bison from Transylvania

63%

Daszkiewicz P. , Samojlik T.

Echa Przeszłości

|

2014

|

tom 15

67-73

12

Osobliwości flory porostowej rezerwatu „Lipiny” w Puszczy Białowieskiej

63%

Chomutowska H.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

|

2015

|

tom nr 2

196--207

PL

Celem podjętych badań było określenie najczęściej spotykanych i osobliwych gatunków porostów w Rezerwacie „Lipiny”, położonym na obszarze Puszczy Białowieskiej i ustalenie, czy na badanym obszarze jest możliwość przygotowania ścieżek przyrodniczych dla turystyki pieszej, uwzględniającej obszary bogate w plechy porostowe. Znacznie wzbogaci to ofertę turystyczną terenów. Może być również wykorzystane w edukacji na poziomie podstawowym i średnim.

EN

The aim of this study is to find the most common species of lichens in the Reserve “Lipiny” in the Białowieża Forest. Occurrence of 33 species of lichens, especially epiphytic has been confirmed. Air pollution can be determined by bio-indicators species of lichens. The main feature of lichens as bio-indicators is the ability to absorb water and minerals from rain water and water vapor directly from surface of the thallus. These organisms are extremely sensitive to pollution of the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

13

Osada kultury ceramiki kreskowanej z produkcją żelaza na Polanie Berezowo w Puszczy Białowieskiej

63%

Olczak H. , Krasnodębski D. , Samojlik T. , Jędrzejewska B.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

|

2018

|

tom LXIX

|

nr 69

149-175

EN

The archaeological sites Leśnictwo Podcerkiew 1, 2 and 3 are located in NE Poland, in the southern part of the Białowieża Forest. They are situated within the Białowieża Forest District (departments 544D, 545C, 577B and 578A), in the area of the so-called Berezowo Clearing and its neighborhood (Fig. 1, 2). Archaeological excavations were conducted in 2004–2005 by the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw in cooperation with the Mammal Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Białowieża. In total, an area of 68 m2 was explored. Sites 1 and 2 were explored in five designated areas (nos. 1–5) covering the central and northern parts of the clearing and a modern charcoal kiln at its periphery (Fig. 3). Remnants of a large settlement with traces of iron production were discovered there. Most of the surface was covered by a layer of arable soil up to 0.3 m thick, and an underlaying brown and fuscous cultural layer measuring 0.1 to 0.35 m in thickness (Fig. 4:b.c, 5:b–d, 6:c). The excavations unearthed several pits and putative postholes (Fig. 4, 5), as well as remains of three shaft furnaces used for iron smelting (Fig. 6:a.b, 12–14). One of the most interesting features is the large pit 12. In the examined part it measured about 1.75×1.35 m and was about 1.55 m deep. It was probably used as a storage pit (Fig. 5:a–c, 10). Several small potsherds, single flints and a few fragments of daub, slags and bones were found in its fill. The remains of iron smelters found in the northern part of the settlement were shaped as circular or slightly oval pits with cylindrical cross-sections, measured about 0.4–0.5 m in diameter, and were 0.2–0.3 m deep (Fig. 6:a.b, 12–14). The remains of clay lining on the walls of the slag-pits were preserved in two of them (features 65 and 67). Based on the size of their slag-pits (approx. 0.25 and 0.30 m in diameter), these features belong to the category of small furnaces, similar to the type Kunów from the Center of Metallurgy in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (K. Bielenin 1973, table 9 and p. 73; 1992, p. 75–77). During the excavations, 308 fragments of prehistoric pottery, obtained mainly from the arable and cultural layers, were found at the settlement (Table 1, Fig. 7, 11). Most of the assemblage consists of small and eroded body sherds, usually no more than 5 cm long. Vessels were made of ferruginous clay tempered with crushed stone and usually fired in oxidizing atmosphere. Various types of finish have been observed on the surface of the walls (Table 1): smoothing (44.5% of the sherds), hatching (25.6%), roughening (15.9%) and burnishing (14.0%). In addition to pot fragments, the assemblage also contains fragments of tableware with burnished surfaces. Most of the vessels were not decorated, and ornamentation was found on a few sherds only (Fig, 11:8.11). The remaining artefacts include a fragment of an iron knife from the cultural layer with a preserved length of approx. 8 cm and a partial tang (Fig. 9:1), and an object made of a bovine bone (Fig. 9:3). A fragment of a cylindrical spindle whorl with a diameter of approx. 3 cm was found on the surface of the site (Fig. 9:2). In addition, 19 flint artefacts dating from the end of the Late Paleolithic or Mesolithic period to the Early Iron Age (Fig. 8) were found during the excavations. During the excavations, several hundred fragments of reducing slags, a by-product of iron smelting, as well as slagged parts of furnace shafts were collected. Most of them were found in the fills of the slag-pits of furnaces 65 and 67. Chemical composition was analyzed for 38 samples (Table 2). Based on the contents of iron trioxide and silica, fayalite slags with icicle structure, so called “gromps” (splinters, flakes), and slagged fragments of furnace walls were identified. A botanical analysis was conducted on 46 charcoal samples (Table 3). Taxonomic identification showed the presence of charcoal from seven tree species, with a clear dominance of pine, both among samples taken from furnaces (67%) as well as from other features and the cultural layer (56%). A radiocarbon dating of three charcoal samples taken from the remains of bloomeries 62 (Poz-13154) and 67 (Poz-13156), and the sterile soil near feature 67 (Poz-13157) was conducted (Fig. 15). The dating of the pine charcoal from furnace 67 yielded a result of 1970±30 BP. The actual age of the sample is in the range of 50 BC–90 AD (with a probability of 95.4%) and 1–70 AD (with a probability of 68.2%). The charcoal of an unspecified species from feature 62 provided the date of 2280±35 BP, with bimodal probability distribution, which allows, which allows to include the real age of the sample in the years 410–340 BC or 310–200 BC (with a probability of 95.4%), and 400–350 BC or 290–230 BC (with a probability of 68.2%). The characteristic features of the archaeological material, mainly the different types of finish on the surface of the ceramic vessels, allow for associating the discovered artefacts with a local group of the Hatched Pottery Culture. The occupation of the settlements at the sites Leśnictwo Podcerkiew 1 and 2 can be limited to the 4th/3rd century BC –1st century AD. The few bone fragments found in the cultural layer show that in addition to iron production and hunting (deer bones), the inhabitants of the settlement also engaged in animal husbandry (bones of cattle and sheep/goat). Combining the results of archaeological and paleoecological research shows that the settlement of the local group of the Hatched Pottery Culture in the Białowieża Forest was dispersed. The population employed fire for deforestation of areas used for settlement and farming. Other occupations included hunting and animal husbandry, while bog ore deposits were used to produce iron in small slag-pit bloomeries. In 2005, a preliminary investigation took place in the area located about 200 m west of the Berezowo Clearing (site Leśnictwo Podcerkiew 3), where two designated areas were excavated (nos. 6 and 7, see Fig. 3). A brown cultural layer about 0.2 m thick as well as two putative postholes (Fig. 16) were found under the humus. 27 fragments of vessels dating to the Early Iron Age – Roman Period (Table 1, Fig. 17) and a stone tool (Fig. 18) were collected. The small scope of research does not allow to determine the cultural association of the remnants of the settlement discovered at this site, but it is very likely that it is contemporaneous with the settlement at the Berezowo Clearing.

14

Analiza czystości wód rzeki Łutownia na terenie Puszczy Białowieskiej

63%

Chomutowska H. , Wilamowski K.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2014

|

tom Nr 38

117--128

PL

Celem pracy było określenie zmian w występowaniu pierwiastków biogennych w wodzie rzeki Łutownia, przepływającej przez tereny chronione Puszczy Białowieskiej. Zakres analiz obejmował określenie temperatury i odczynu wody (pH), przewodnictwa elektrolitycznego, zawartość pierwiastków biogennych (azotu amonowego, azotanów III i V, fosforanów) oraz tlenu rozpuszczonego. Na obszarze, na którym badana woda odpowiadała II klasie czystości; zawartość tlenu rozpuszczonego była niska, zaś zawartość pierwiastków biogennych odpowiadała średniemu zanieczyszczeniu. Rzeka niesie szereg zanieczyszczeń z pobliskiej wsi Teremiski, co wpływa na stan czystości oraz eutrofizację okolicznych obszarów leśnych. Woda rzeki przepływającej przez tereny chronione Puszczy Białowieskiej nie spełnia kryteriów czystości. Problemem w ostatnich latach staje się gwałtowne obniżenie poziomu wód, aż do całkowitego ich braku w niektórych miesiącach letnich, które przyczynia się do negatywnych zmian siedlisk.

EN

The main purpose of this work was defining seasonal changes of biogenic elements in Lutownia river flowing through the protected areas of Bialowieza Forest. The range of analyses included measurements of temperature, water reaction, electrolytic conductivity, biogenic elements level (ammonium nitrogen, nitrates III i V, phosphates) and dissolved oxygen. On study area analyzed water corresponded to II class of water purity; level of dissolved oxygen was low and content of biogenic elements indicates an average pollution. The Lutownia river brings many urban pollution form near Teremiski village. This fact influences on water purity level and eutrophication of surrounding forest areas. The water of Lutownia river flowing through protected areas Bialowieza Forest does not meet the requirements of water purity. The main problem of last years is sudden reduction water level until the complete disappearance in several summer months, what cause the negative changes in habitats.

15

The attractiveness of Białowieża Forest

63%

Jalinik M.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

|

2017

|

tom nr 2

204--214

EN

The forest complex area of the Bialowieza Forest is a great monument of history and culture, and also a place of many important historical events. The motive of arrival to the Bialowieza Forest is mainly the attractiveness of the area, geographic location, international events and historical conditions. The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate tourist traffic in the area of Białowieża Forest on the basis of surveys conducted in the month of June 2016. Frequently opinions are expressed that tourists come to Białowieża for a longer holiday or they are engaged exclusively in a kind of scientific research. Therefore the author decided to investigate such a supposition, trying to find out, by survey research, from which places and towns and for how long tourists come, as well as what is their main purpose of arrival. The author of the study has conducted a study using the questionnaire technique among the owners of accommodation facilities and eating places, as well as visitors to the municipality Białowieża and the Forest. Studies have shown that there is currently no unified vision of creating attractions for the Bialowieza Forest, and above all systemic solutions at the level of commune and the region.

16

Plankton wybranych oczek wodnych Puszczy Białowieskiej

63%

Chomutowska H. , Krzyściak-Kosińska R.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2015

|

tom Nr 42

1--9

PL

Puszcza Białowieska stanowi miejsce bytowania wielu rzadkich gatunków roślin, zwierząt i grzybów. O jej unikalności świadczy zachowanie ciągłości procesów przyrodniczych na przestrzeni wieków. Urozmaiceniem krajobrazu Puszczy są oczka wodne, które wzbogacają bioróżnorodność terenów i są siedliskiem życia licznych organizmów, zależnych od środowiska wodnego. Bywają ostoją gatunków chronionych roślin i zwierząt. Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu określenie składu gatunkowego i ilościowego organizmów planktonowych oczek wodnych zlokalizowanych w Puszczy. Zróżnicowanie gatunkowe planktonu dowiodło niewielkiego zanieczyszczenia substancjami organicznymi: dominacja producentów nad innymi organizmami, świadczy o wysokim stopniu zmineralizowania. Oczka wodne powinny podlegać stałemu monitoringowi; wzbogacają bioróżnorodność krajobrazu Puszczy Białowieskiej, są miejscem bytowania wielu gatunków organizmów charakterystycznych dla bagien i małych źródeł wody.

EN

Białowieza Forest is the natural habitat of many rare species of green plants, animals and fungi. For centuries, it has been a unique place for developing environmental processes. The water ponds are the wildlife habitat for many organisms, whose lives depend on aquatic environments. Protected species of green plants and animals also live in the water ponds. The aim of this research was to determine the species and quantity of plankton which are present in Białowieza Forest’s water ponds. The presence of different species of plankton proved the presence of minimal organic pollution. It was noticed that the primary producers dominated over the other organisms, which confirmed high mineralisation. The water ponds should continue to be monitored, as they are responsible for biodiversity within the Białowieza Forest area and they are the best place to settle for many species which are characteristic for swamps and small sources of water.

17

Analiza możliwości wykorzystania obrazów hiperspektralnych HySpex do inwentaryzacji drzewostanów leśnych Puszczy Białowieskiej

63%

Bartkowiak P. , Osińska-Skotak K.

Teledetekcja Środowiska

|

2016

|

tom T. 55

27--44

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę możliwości zastosowania zobrazowań hiperspektralnych HySpex do wykonania map rozmieszczenia poszczególnych gatunków drzewostanów leśnych, na przykładzie Puszczy Białowieskiej. W tym celu przeprowadzono kilka wariantów klasyfikacji przy użyciu metody Spectral Angle Mapper. Całą procedurę wykonano w oprogramowaniu ENVI 5.3 (Environmental for Visualizing Images), w module specjalnie dedykowanym danym hiperspektralnym. Metodyka badawcza obejmuje: wstępne przetwarzanie obrazów, tworzenie wzorców do klasyfikacji, procedurę klasyfikacji SAM i finalną ocenę dokładności uzyskanych wyników. Ostatecznie otrzymano mapy rozmieszczenia gatunków drzew w obrębie badanego szeregu hiperspektralnego. Dokładność map została oszacowana na podstawie danych pochodzących z opisów taksacyjnych. Ogólna dokładność klasyfikacji gatunków drzew na podstawie obrazów hiperspektralnych HySpex wyniosła ok. 77%. Najlepiej sklasyfikowane zostały olcha, sosna i dąb, w pozostałych przypadkach (brzoza i świerk) zaobserwowano zróżnicowane dokładności producenta i użytkownika, co może wynikać zarówno z charakteru drzewostanów leśnych, jak i pól testowych wykorzystanych do ceny dokładności wyników klasyfikacji. Na podstawie wygenerowanych map pokrycia terenu można wskazać obszary leśne o zróżnicowanym składzie gatunkowym fragmentu Puszczy Białowieskiej. Wykorzystanie danych teledetekcyjnych HySpex stanowi duży potencjał w zabiegach inwentaryzacyjnych lasu. Aktualizacja opisów taksacyjnych, modelowanie zjawisk czy symulacja scenariuszy dla obszarów leśnych technikami zdalnymi na potrzeby praktyki leśnej wydaje się technicznie i ekonomicznie uzasadnione.

EN

This paper contains an analysis of use of hyperspectral images HySpex to create maps of tree species distribution within Bialowieza Forest. To this end, a couple of variants of image classification with the use of Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) method were carried out. Whole procedure was conducted in ENVI software environment (Environmental for Visualizing Images) intended for this kind of dataset. In the beginning, the classification process involves the hyperspectral images pre processing and training samples collection. Next, SAM algorithm as well as an estimation of precision of the classification were performed. Finally, land cover layouts for tree species distribution within the extent of hyperspectral array were generated. The accuracy of tree species detection was estimated on the basis of data derived from forest taxations. Overall accuracies of classification based on HySpex imagery were approximately 77%. The highest possible precisions were obtained for alder, pine and oak tree stands. In other cases (birch and spruce) diversified results for producer’s and user’s accuracy were achieved, which could be explained by various kinds of forest stands and characteristics of test samples used for an assessment of image classification results. On the grounds of the land cover layouts it is workable to indicate forest areas with diversified tree species distribution within Bialowieza Forest. Furthermore, remote sensing data obtained with the use of HySpex scanner has a lot of potential in forest inventory. An actualization of inventory database, woodland modelling and simulations of forest phenomena seem to be technically and economically reasoned.

18

Walory przyrodnicze i hydrologiczne małych zbiorników wodnych wybudowanych w Puszczy Białowieskiej

63%

Bielecka J. , Hardej M. , Kozłowska E. , Stepaniuk W.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2006

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tom T. 6, z. 2

17-27

PL

W ostatnich latach na terenie Puszczy Białowieskiej notuje się stałe obniżanie się zwierciadła wód gruntowych. Proces ten jest spowodowany m.in. pracami melioracyjnymi wykonanymi w latach 50. i 60. ubiegłego wieku. Regulacja cieków oraz budowa rowów melioracyjnych przyśpieszyły odpływ wody. Efektem zaburzenia warunków wodnych na tym obszarze jest przesuszenie mokradłowych siedlisk leśnych, a w rezultacie grądowienie olsów i łęgów. W celu poprawy warunków wodnych mokradłowych obszarów leśnych na terenie Puszczy Białowieskiej (poza obszarem parku narodowego), z inicjatywy PTOP (Północnopodlaskie Towarzystwo Ochrony Ptaków), wybudowano kilkadziesiąt małych zbiorników wodnych różnych typów. Zbiorniki w zlewniach zalesionych powstały poprzez przegrodzenie naturalnych cieków bądź rowów progiem-bystrotokiem, natomiast zbiorniki śródpolne wykopano. Oczekuje się, że powyższe działania wpłyną korzystnie na wydłużenie okresu stagnacji wód roztopowych, co zapobiegnie wysychaniu niektórych cieków w okresie lata. Umożliwią one również przywrócenie i powstanie nowych miejsc rozrodu płazów oraz utrzymanie bazy pokarmowej dla ptaków obszarów mokradłowych, m.in. bociana czarnego (Ciconia nigra L.). W pracy przedstawiono ocenę warunków ekologicznych i hydrologicznych zbiorników w zlewni Narewki. Przeprowadzono podstawowe pomiary jakości wody i stanu roślinności ekotopu oraz lustra wody wybranych zbiorników. W wielu przypadkach stwierdzono wkraczanie roślinności siedlisk mokradłowych oraz wypadanie gatunków grądowych i borowych. W okresie wiosennym zaobserwowano wykorzystanie stworzonych miejsc lęgowych przez płazy oraz obecność bociana czarnego (Ciconia nigra L.). W wyniku budowy małych zbiorników wodnych poprawiły się warunki do istnienia siedlisk olsowych i łęgowych.

EN

Constant decline of groundwater levels has recently been observed in the Białowieża Forest . This process is due to drainage which took place in the 1950s and 1960s. Regulation of watercourses and construction of drainage canals and ditches caused the increase of water discharge from the area and drying of wetland forest habitats: riparian forests and alder carr. In order to improve water conditions for wetland forests in the area of the Białowieża Forest (outside the Białowieża National Park ) several dozen small water reservoirs were built by PTOP (North-Podlasie Association of Bird Protection). Some of them were made by damming watercourses and the midfield ponds were just dug out. These actions were expected to prolong the stagnation period of melting waters in the bed of watercourses, to create breeding places for amphibians and to provide food resources for waterfowl like e.g. black stork (Ciconia nigra L.). The study was focussed on ecological and hydrological conditions of small water reservoirs in the Narewka river catchment. The paper presents the description of plants, which have overgrown water reservoirs and their neighbourhood, the size of reservoirs and basic analyses of water quality. In most cases typical species for wetlands forest were observed, which was the evidence for the improvement of hydrologic conditions for riparian forests and alder carr. Moreover, water reservoirs were inhabited by waterfowl and used as breeding places by amphibians.

19

Forest resources as a basis to creation of an integrated tourist product of an area on the example of Białowieza forest

63%

Kiryluk H.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2016

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tom nr 4

307-317

EN

The aim of the article is a theoretical analysis of aspects regarding the essence and structure of the tourist product of an area, show the importance of forest resources in tourism on the example of the Bialowieza Forest, and to present the concept of the integrated (complex) tourist product of that area, based on unique forest resources. This study concentrates on showing the possibility to create new tourist products of the forest, which will be linked together by a common idea and will create a conceptually coherent whole.

PL

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę szeroko rozumianego produktu turystycznego obszaru. Głównym jego celem jest analiza teoretycznych aspektów dotyczących istoty i struktury produktu turystycznego obszaru, ukazanie znaczenia zasobów leśnych w turystyce na przykładzie Puszczy Białowieskiej i przedstawienie koncepcji zintegrowanego produktu turystycznego tego obszaru w oparciu o unikatowe zasoby leśne. Kreowanie nowych leśnych produktów turystycznych (jako produktów cząstkowych), które będą powiązane ze sobą wspólną ideą (pod nazwą Leśne Dziedzictwo Europy) pozwoli lepiej wykorzystać dotychczasowy unikatowy potencjał przyrodniczy regionu.

20

Żubry i Puszcza Białowieska we francuskim piśmie popularnonaukowym La Nature

63%

Daszkiewicz P. , Samojlik T.

Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki

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2018

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tom 27

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nr 1(52)

117-123

EN

In 1873, Gaston Tissandier (1843-1899) founded the journal La Nature- Revue des sciences et de leurs applications aux arts et à l’industrie, which for one century was one of the most important scientific popularization magazines in Europe. We analyzed articles from this journal with the subject of European bison and Białowieża Forest. These articles contain interesting information, particularly for the history of biology. They allow to assess the knowledge about European bison during the last years of the existence of populations in Białowieża Forest and in Causasus mountains, as well as at the beginning of bison reintroduction process in 1920s. Despite the journal’s popular science approach, these articles are original and often reference little-known sources. Among the authors we fi nd renowned biologists and scientifi c journalists but also people related to the Tsar’s forest administration. The articles published by La Nature allow to identify and analyze several topics of natural sciences such as interspecific hybridization, acclimatization, «regeneration of the blood», the analogies between the European bison and the American bison. It is also an interesting testimony of the beginning of modern species and habitats conservation. If allows to retrace the epoch’s thoughts about the reasons behind the disappearance of species and design of the reconstruction of European bison population.