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Jan III Sobieski i jego wpływ na odrodzenie staropolskiej sztuki wojennej w II połowie XVII wieku

100%

Nagielski M.

Tarnowskie Studia Historyczne

2011

tom 2

70-88

This article contains an abbreviated biography of John III Sobieski (1629-1674), Lord Standard-Bearer of the Crown, Grand Marshal of the Crown, Field Hetman and Grand Crown Hetman, King of Poland. The author first presents the period during which Sobieski gathered military education that he could later use as a commander in the battlefield. He presents Sobieski in the context of the times in which he lived to show the military skills of an extraordinary Polish commander and a connoisseur of the Old Polish military art. The author devotes much space to the use the highly maneuverable cavalry by Sobieski who used it to disintegrate the backups of the opposing army or to severe the lines of communication. The author also notes Sobieski’s communication skills when talking to the nobility at that time, which helped reduce the costs of conducting the war. By contrast, the author shows the defeats of Sobieski and their impact on the society’s attitude towards the leader. The author provides an overview of Sobieski’s achievements and defeats based on the individual campaigns and battles in which he fought. He also analyzes the changes that took place in the structure of the Crown’s army in Sobieski’s times, including the hussars, harquebusiers, light cavalry, and foreign infantry regiments. The article is a summary of the opinions of the Polish historiographers on Sobieski’s achievements who basically agree that Sobieski went into history as a brilliant commander, the one who defeated the Turks at the battle of Chocim and at the Battle of Vienna, as well as the man who helped to revive the Old Polish war art in the 17th century.

Perigrinatio Religiosa

63%

Rożek M.

Folia Historica Cracoviensia

1998

tom 4

Formally still the capital of the Republic of Poland, the coronation city and the royal necropolis, Krakow played an important part before the campaign of Vienna. It was in Krakow that the army concentrated, and it was to Krakow that John III Sobieski made his pilgrimage (peregrinatio religiosa) to patron saints of the nation, praying for a successful finale of the campaign against infidels. In Wawel he received his papal blessing. Several days before departing with his army, king John III had taken part in many religious celebrations to request special grace from the divine providence for himself, his son James and his army. This was the start of John III's peregrinatio religiosa, on a scale hitherto unprecedented in Polish religious culture.

Kraków nadal pełniący funkcje formalnej stolicy Rzeczypospolitej, miasto koronacyjne, nekropolia królewska, stanowił w roku 1683 ważny element przed kampanią wiedeńską. To tutaj nastąpiła koncentracja wojsk, tu wreszcie odbył Jan III Sobieski pielgrzymkę (peregrinatio religiosa) do świętych patronównarodowych, zanosząc modły o szczęśliwy finał kampanii przeciw niewiernym. Na Wawelu uzyskał błogosławieństwo papieskie na świętą wojnę z odwiecznymi wrogami chrześcijaństwa. Na kilka dni przed wymarszem król uczestniczył w licznych uroczystościach kościelnych, mających na celu uproszenie szczególnej łaski Opatrzności dla siebie, syna Jakuba i swych wojsk. Rozpoczynała się peregrinatio religiosa Jana III, na tę skalę niespotykana do tej pory w polskiej kulturze religijnej.