A new record of Siganus sutor from inland artificial marine extension Shatt al-Basrah canal, south of Iraq, is reported.Two specimens were collected during an ichthyologic survey on 2 November 2021. The specimens are 127 and 129 mm in total length. This record from Iraqi waters represents the species’ second and northernmost appearance in thenorthern Indian Ocean.
This study assessed the quality of groundwater in south of Basrah governorate from three regions (Zubair, Safwan and um-Qaser), as well as its expediency for drinking purposes and irrigation. Fifty groundwater specimens from various locations were, whereas their physical and chemical parameters were assessed. The WQI was used to measure overall water quality, and the results were displayed using GIS. The calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI) took twelve physiochemical parameters into account, including pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+, SO4-2, Cl-, HCO3- and NO3-. The groundwater in Basrah was found to be of generally low quality, with significant levels of salinity, hardness, and TDS. The groundwater in the research region was not fit for human consumption, according to (WHO, 2011) standards for drinking water. Applying WQI revealed that, with the exception of two wells, the ground water in the research area was classed as very poor-unsuitable type. The GIS analysis assisted in identifying the places with the best water quality and those with the most serious issues. The groundwater of research region was used for irrigation purposes. The indices considered included SAR, SSP AND MH%. The groundwater from the study area is generally in good condition and may be utilized for irrigation, as shown by the estimated water indices when compared to the accepted standards.
The Basrah province (southern of Iraq) was interested in establishing desalination plants to provide drinking water due to the high levels of salinity in its water resources. This work was carried out in order to evaluate and simulate the functionality of the reverse osmosis plant in the Al-Maqal port. From the field and laboratory measurement, this study concluded that the considered parameters of product water by reverse osmosis (RO) plant were within the Iraqi standard (IRS) limits. The calculation of operation indices showed that the recovery rate of plant (72%) and the permeate flux of plant (20 lmh) was within for limitation of brackish surface water. In turn, the plant has a low salt rejection (90.1%) and a high pressure drop (5 bar); therefore, the membranes require backwashing or chemical cleaning. Then, the performance of RO membrane was simulated by the Winflows software. The best operating parameters were identified. The coefficient of determination (R2) between simulated and measured TDS was 0.83. Therefore, the simulated TDS of permeate multiplied by 5.3 was given a good estimation for actual TDS within acceptable an error rate of 17%.
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