Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Biological valorisation of the southern Baltic Sea (Polish Exclusive Economic Zone)

100%

Węsławski J. M. , Warzocha J. , Wiktor J. , Urbański J. , Bradtke K. , Kryla L. , Tatarek A. , Kotwicki L. , Piwowarczyk J.

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2009

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tom No. 51 (3)

415-435

EN

A biological valuation system to assess the value associated with ecosystem stability and richness (and not that from the point of view of users) is proposed to provide scientific decision support for marine protected areas and marine spatial planning. The system is based on the assessment of individual species and habitat/species assemblages. An extensive set of recently collected (2007-08) and archival (1970-2000) data on the occurrence of marine benthos was analysed for the Polish Marine Areas. Based on matching data sets of sediments, the euphotic zone, temperature and salinity, as well as fetch and sea current values, a GIS model was used to visualise the results; a map indicates the two areas which are considered to be biologically the most valuable (Puck Bay and the stony shallows of the central coast).

2

Sea surface temperature retrieval from MSG/SEVIRI data in the Baltic Sea area

100%

Woźniak M. , Krężel A.

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2010

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tom No. 52 (3)

331-344

EN

The aim of the paper was to confirm the proposition that the classical SST algorithms MCSST and NLSST originally prepared for AVHRR data could also be used for Meteosat/SEVIRI data with satisfactory accuracy in the mid-latitude region, where the spatial resolution is about 7x7 km. The research was performed in the southern Baltic Sea (between 13°E 53°N and 21°E 58°N). Data were collected in all the seasons of 2007. The coefficients were found by means of regression analysis. SSTs determined on the basis of AVHRR data were used in the regression analysis instead of in situ data. A set of paired AVHRR and SEVIRI images spaced no more than 8 minutes apart were compared. The results show that the method is capable of producing sea surface temperatures with a statistical error (standard deviation) of 1°C.

3

Variability in the optical properties of a crude oil - seawater emulsion

100%

Król T. , Stelmaszewski A. , Freda W.

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2006

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tom No. 48 (S)

203-211

EN

The paper analyses the optical properties of a crude oil - seawater emulsion, which is a form of petroleum pollution of the sea. These properties depend on the spillage concentration, the optical characteristics of the seawater and oil in question, and on the size distribution of the oil droplets. They may be described by the attenuation specific cross-sections and absorption specific cross-sections. Specific cross-sections and other optical parameters for droplets of a Baltic crude oil - Baltic seawater emulsion were calculated using Mie's solution. These characteristics were computed for fresh and weathered petroleum.

4

Acoustic information applied to 4D environmental studies in the Baltic

100%

Orlowski A.

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2006

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tom No. 48 (4)

509-524

EN

Since 1981, acoustic information collected in the form of calibrated measurements of integrated echo energy has been applied at the Sea Fisheries Institute to observe the relationships between fish distribution and environmental factors. Data gathered in different seasons for each elementary distance unit (EDSU) at standardised depth intervals were compared to the values of selected environmental parameters measured in parallel. Acoustic, biological and hydrological data were correlated in space and transferred to the complex database, enabling 4D analysis of numerous factors characterising a wide range of fish behaviour. A number of methods and standards of comparisons are described to explain how to improve understanding of the relationship between 3D spatial environmental gradients and fish distributions. The results of various case studies, including the influence of hydrologic and seabed characterising factors, illustrate the practical application and validity of the methods. Particular attention is given to indicators of the dependence of local fish biomass density on the temperature structure in the sea.

5

Influence of the local abiotic environment, weather and regional nutrient loading on macrobenthic invertebrate feeding groups in a shallow brackish water ecosystem

88%

Veber T. , Kotta J. , Lauringson V. , Kotta I.

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2009

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tom No. 51 (4)

541-559

EN

This study evaluated the extent to which depth, sediment type, exposure to waves and coastal slope inclination modulate the relationships between regional nutrient loading, weather patterns and the species composition and dominance structure of macrobenthic invertebrate feeding groups in a brackish water ecosystem of the Baltic Sea. Irrespective of feeding function, the species composition and dominance structure of benthic invertebrate communities were determined by local abiotic variables such as exposure, depth and sediment type. Regional weather variables (average southerly winds, salinity, water temperature, ice conditions) either separately or interactively contributed to the variability of benthic invertebrates. Nutrient loading had significant effects on benthic invertebrates only in interactions with local abiotic or regional weather variables. Herbivores, deposit feeders and suspension feeders exhibited a stronger response to the studied environmental variables than carnivores. All this suggests that (1) the dynamic coastal habitats studied in this work are not very sensitive to shifts in nutrient loading and (2) local abiotic conditions and weather patterns largely define the observed biotic patterns. We believe that the benthic invertebrate time series will only be a better reflection of the nutrient loading signal if more years covering extreme events are included.

6

Assessing flood risk and detecting changes of salt water inflow in a coastal micro-tidal brackish marsh using GIS

88%

Urbański J. A. , Ślimak A.

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2008

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tom Vol. 37, No.3

3-20

EN

In order to assess changes in salt water inflow and potential flood risks due to sea level rise in a micro-tidal Beka brackish marsh on the Polish Baltic Coast GIS was used. Such wetlands are important elements of coastal zone natural environments. Creating a geodatabase within a GIS system makes it possible to carry out broad analyses of complex systems, such as coastal wetlands. The results indicate that a 40 cm sea-level rise would considerably increase the frequency of flooding in the investigated area, in part because of the small range of the annual sea level oscillations there. A map of the index of changes in saltwater inflow, created with the help of cost-weighted distance (functions), shows that changes which have occurred along the shore, consisting of filling in the drainage channel outlets, have likely had a significant impact on the vegetation of the area.

7

Acoustic seabed classification applied to Baltic benthic habitat studies: a new approach

88%

Orlowski A.

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2007

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tom No. 49 (2)

229-243

EN

The application of acoustic methods for the classification of bottom habitats is based mostly on the analysis of measured parameters without relating them to the bathymetric structure. Geological complexity and biological patterns are closely related to bathymetry. This paper presents a new approach to the acoustic classification of bottom habitats in that it combines the distribution of a selected acoustic parameter with its bathymetric structure. The hypothetical effective angle of a bottom echo ?'/2, corresponding to its normalised length, was the acoustic parameter applied. This parameter broadly characterises the complex acoustic reflecting and scattering properties of the seabed. Its highest values correspond to a layered bottom consisting of soft sediment. The southern Baltic area was classified by a direct comparison of two factors measured acoustically: the statistical distribution of ?'/2, and the correlated depth structure within selected standard regular geographical areas (15' latitude and 30' longitude) which the total area was divided into. The area size was matched with the density of the measurements collected. The same factors were also estimated for the whole southern Baltic. The study was based on soundings collected on board r/v "Baltica" during regular acoustic surveys in 1995-2003. The classification applied provides a new possibility of complex seabed identification and comparison of seabed structure dynamics, useful in benthic research and in the ecologically based administration of marine areas.

8

Factors describing the distribution of the zooplankton community in the Gulf of Finland in the context of interactions between native and introduced predatory cladocerans

88%

Pollumäe A. , Kotta J.

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2007

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tom No. 49 (2)

277-290

EN

Mesozooplankton communities were studied monthly at six sites in the Gulf of Finland during six ice-free seasons. The abundances of different zooplankton taxa were related to temperature, salinity, eutrophication level (total nitrogen and phosphorus), phytoplankton Chl a and density of predatory cladocerans, including the non-indigenous Cercopagis pengoi and the native Leptodora kindtii. The results indicated that variability in the zooplankton communities was correlated not only with predation by mesozooplankton but also with bottom-up effects. Predation by the non-indigenous C. pengoi may significantly affect the dynamics of Cladocera and Rotatoria in the Gulf of Finland during the summer season.

9

Methylphenanthrenes in the southern Baltic as markers of petrogenic pollution

88%

Lubecki L. , Szymczak-Żyła M. , Kowalewska G.

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2006

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tom No. 48 (1)

73-86

EN

Mono- and dimethylphenanthrenes were determined in recent (0-10 cm) sediments collected at about 30 stations in the southern Baltic Sea from 1995 to 2001. The stations were located in the Szczecin Lagoon, the Pomeranian Bay, the Bornholm Deep, the open sea (without the Bornholm and Gdańsk Deeps), the Gdańsk Deep, and the Gulf of Gdańsk including the Wisła (Vistula) Lagoon. The results were related to the unsubstituted PAH content. The annual load of methylphenanthrenes in relation to unsubstituted PAHs in the Rivers Odra and Wisła was estimated. Methylphenanthrenes are more abundant in the Odra estuary than in the Wisła estuary, and more abundant in the coastal sediments than in the open sea sediments. The results indicate that methylphenanthrenes related to the lower molecular, unsubstituted PAHs are a good measure of petrogenic pollution in the southern Baltic.

10

Comparison of primary production and pelagic community respiration rates in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdańsk

88%

York J. K. , Witek Z. , Labudda S. , Ochocki S.

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2001

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tom No. 43 (3)

365-370

EN

The organic matter production/respiration balance in the coastal water column was examined, both the primary production and community respiration being measured with the oxygen light-and-dark bottle method. Community respiration (CR) was always lower than the gross primary production (GPP) measured at a standard light intensity of 390 žE m-2 s-1, which amounted, on average, to 30% of GPP. During most of the in situ sampling period, the coastal system (6-7 m depth) was found to be autotrophic, with depth-integrated GPP ranging from 6.7 mmoles O2 m-2 d-1 in December to 214.2 mmoles O2 m-2 d-1 in August, and CR ranging correspondingly from 6.0 to 177.7 mmoles O2 m-2 d-1. However, on some occasions heterotrophic conditions were recorded: depth-integrated GPP

11

Changes in the body composition of Velvet Scoters (Melanitta fusca) wintering in the Gulf of Gdańsk

75%

Meissner W. , Fischer I. , Bzoma S.

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2012

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tom Vol. 41, No. 3

11-16

EN

Body mass and body composition of 27 adult Velvet Scoters (Melanitta fusca) were studied. These birds were collected from January to March in the Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland. Body mass, fat, and protein contents of both males and females decreased significantly between mid and late winter, possibly because of a physiological process or a result of worsening environmental conditions. In mid-winter, the mean body mass of males and females did not differ significantly, whereas in late winter the difference in body mass between sexes became prominent. There was no difference in fat mass between the sexes, but females had higher lipid indexes despite their smaller size. The lack of expected fat mass increase in late winter may be due to the spring migration strategy of Velvet Scoters, which apparently opt to fly short distances rather than make long non-stop flights after departure from the Gulf of Gdańsk. Body mass was the best predictor of fat mass accumulated by Velvet Scoters wintering in the Gulf of Gdańsk.

12

Middle Devonian acanthodians from Belarus – new data and interregional biostratigraphy

75%

Plax D. P. , Newman M. , Plax D. P. , Newman M.

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13

How to cooperate efficiently with the media in situation of crisis - case study

51%

Baradziej-Krzyżankowska E.

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2014

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nr 1(11)

102-112

EN

The essence of this article is to show the differences and the degree of difficulty in standard and crisis communication. Communication that we use every day in cooperation with the media should serve as the basis and contribution to obtaining certain efficiency of information distribution, which will pay off in a crisis situation. Rescuing a dog named Baltic could prove to be a major crisis in the history of the NMFRI. There were many threats and decisions that could be regarded as unfavourable for the Institute — is it allowed and for the sake of what — to threaten health and life of people to save an animal; what would happen if the rescue action failed? Three mandatory rules for communicating with the media were adopted: - Speed — proactive communication 24/24. - Transparency —in the full sense of the word. - Communicating through the same channels as journalists communicated with the Institute. Strict adherence to these rules resulted in a fact that, in spite of these difficulties, the communication was actually exemplary.

PL

Istotą artykułu jest pokazanie różnic i stopnia trudności w komunikacji standardowej i kryzysowej. Komunikacja, jaką Morski Instytut Rybacki stosuje na co dzień we współpracy z mediami powinna być podstawą i przyczynkiem do uzyskania pewnej sprawności dystrybucji informacji, która zaprocentuje w sytuacji kryzysowej. Uratowanie psa o imieniu Baltic, mogło okazać się znaczącym kryzysem w historii Instytutu. Było wiele zagrożeń i decyzji, które mogły być postrzegane na niekorzyść organizacji: czy wolno i w imię czego — narażać zdrowie i życie ludzkie dla ratowania zwierzęcia, co by było, gdyby akcja ratunkowa się nie powiodła? Przyjęto trzy bezwzględnie obowiązujące zasady komunikowania się z mediami: - szybkość — komunikacja proaktywna 24/24, - transparentność — w pełnym tego słowa znaczeniu, - komunikowanie takimi samymi kanałami, jakimi dziennikarze komunikowali się z Instytutem. Rygorystyczne przestrzeganie tych zasad spowodowało, iż komunikacja, mimo wymienionych utrudnień, była wzorowa.

14

Możliwości wykorzystania standardowych badań uziarnienia i cech mineralno-petrograficznych w litodynamicznej interpretacji polskiej strefy brzegowej Bałtyku

44%

Racinowski R. , Dobrzyński S.

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1998

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tom Nr 4

75-90

EN

Standard lithological investigations of the seashore zone rubble comprise the following analyses: grain size distribution, mineral-petrographic composition, heavy minerals composition, morphometric and morphoscopic characteristics of the cobbles, and abrasion of the quartz grains in the sandy fraction. The rubble shows a marked similarity to the mineral-petrographic composition throughout the Polish Baltic seashore and qualitatively it is linked up with initial Pleistocene material. The morphometric features of the gravels undergo a very rapid transformation in relation to the Pleistocene deposits. The farther away from the place where the glacial deposits are washed out, the smaller the quantity of components of low wear resistance - the gravels become more oblate and smooth. The qualitative composition of the rubble's heavy minerals is linked up with the Pleistocene deposits. As a result of rapid differentiation in the seashore environment there are small rubble centres enriched in heavy minerals (mainly on the shore), mainly garnets, zircon, rutile, disthene, staurolite. The rubble that is not enriched in heavy minerals contain larger quantities of amphiboles, pyroxenes, especially biotite, chlorite and muscovite. In the Polish seashore zone the rubble's thickness ranges from a dozen to several dozen centimetres and it is represented by middle-sized and fine sands. The analysis of its lithodynamic features (based on grain size distribution) shows that it is very susceptible to outwashing. The rank erosion velocities are ca 0,1 - 0,3 m/s. This means that in the shallow subshore (0 - 7m under sea level) the sediment transport starts developing at state of the sea 1 - 30B, and in the deeper subshore (7 - 14m under sea level) at sea of 5 - 60B. Basing on the lithological investigations of the rubble, attempts were made to designate local and regional directions of its displacement. To this end the following were used: indices of grain size distribution (mainly Mz and 1), the compositionof heavy minerals (mainly the heavy mineral's mass in the rubble; content of components with densities over 3,4 g/cm3, 2,9 - 3,4 g/cm3). Also the analyses of petrographic and morphometric composition of the cobbles proved instrumental. The findings on a local scale seem unquestionable, yet on a regional scale they are controversial and susceptible of various interpretations.

15

Wpływ dynamiki falowania na zmiany w strefie plaży zewnętrznej, na przykładzie wybrzeża Bałtyku między Mrzeżynem i Dźwirzynem

38%

Kurowski L.

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2002

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tom Vol. 50, nr 11

1115-1120

PL

Zmiany dynamiki falowania w strefie brzegowej Bałtyku mają wielkie znaczenie w jej ukształtowaniu oraz zachodzących procesach erozji i sedymentacji. Pamiętać trzeba jednak, że także ukształtowanie brzegu i dna przybrzeża, ze względu na jego rewowy charakter, wpływa w istotny sposób na przebieg falowania w tej części zbiornika morskiego. Celem autora tej pracy jest utworzenie logicznego ciągu przyczyn i skutków działania fal w strefie plaży zewnętrznej, na odcinku wybrzeża między Mrzeżynem i Dźwirzynem. Nie jest to proste, gdyż morze"żyje" własnym rytmem, uzależnionym od wielu różnych czynników. Trudno jest oczekiwać długotrwałych okresów stabilności rytmu morza, w zawsze mniej lub bardziej ograniczonym czasie prowadzenia obserwacji. Przedstawione rozważania i wnioski są ograniczone więc do konkretnych warunków, tzn. zmian stanu morza od 0-1 do 2-3 wg Beauforta. Prezentowana praca, podobnie jak poprzednie z tego tematu (por. Kurowski, 2000, 2002), nawiązuje do opracowań Rudowskiego (1962, 1970) i jest w pewnym stopniu ich kontynuacją. W warunkach spokojnego morza (0-1 wg Beauforta) plaża zewnętrzna stanowi 2,5-3,0 m szerokości pas nachylony pod kątem 10-12o w kierunku morza. Powierzchnia morza stanowi praktycznie taflę lustrzaną. Jedynie w strefie najpłytszego przybrzeża widoczne są małe fale, o wysokości 0,15-0,25 m, które załamują się bezpośrednio na krawędzi czoła plaży. Plaża zewnętrzna w tych warunkach jest miejscem występowania wielu drobnych, nietrwałych, erozyjnych i akumulacyjnych form osadu opisanych szczegółowo w polskiej literaturze przez Rudowskiego (1962), (por. także Kurowski, 2002). Przy stanie morza 1-2 (wg Beauforta) wysokość fal w strefie przybrzeża wzrasta do 0,5-0,6 m. Następstwem tego jest poszerzenie do 3,0-4,0 m oraz spadek kąta nachylenia czoła plaży do 8-10o. W takich warunkach powszechnie tworzą się sierpy plażowe, stopnie i nisze erozyjne. Często obserwuje się zjawisko mikroobrywów. Przy dłuższych okresach stabilności tych warunków dalej wzrasta szerokość (do 4,0-6,0 m) i spada kąt nachylenia (do 6-8o) czoła plaży. Na granicy zasięgu strefy zmywu dochodzi do formowania nasypów żwirowych, często także wałków glonowych. Intensywnie rozwijają się laguny plażowe, połączone systemem kanałów przepływowych i odwadniane kanałami powrotnymi. W obrębie lagun rozwijają się nasypy mikrodeltowe. W warunkach dalszego wzrostu dynamiki morza (2-3 wg Beauforta) wysokość fal na opisywanym odcinku wybrzeża przekracza 1,0 m. W konsekwencji dalej wzrasta szerokość (do 8,0-10,0 m) i spada kąt nachylenia owierzchni (do 2-4o) plaży zewnętrznej. Zanikają laguny plażowe. W ich miejscu rozwijają się kanały, w których transport wody i materiału okruchowego odpowiada warunkom górnego reżimu przepływu w typowych korytach rzecznych. Dalszy wzrost (>3 wg Beauforta), a następnie spadek dynamiki morza umożliwiał z kolei formowanie piaszczystych tarasów brzegowych. Przedstawione w pracy formy nagromadzenia osadu i struktury są bardzo charakterystyczne dla środowisk wybrzeży morskich i mogą mieć znaczenie diagnostyczne w szeroko pojętych badaniach sedymentologicznych zarówno utworów kopalnych jak i współczesnych.

EN

Changes of wave dynamics along the Baltic shore have a great influence on its shape and ongoing processes of erosion and sedimentation. It must be however noted that the morphology of a shore and foreshore bottom, due to its character, also affects wave action in this part of the sea. Author 's purpose is to trace the cause-and-effect logic of the waves 'activity within the foreshore between Mrzeżyno and Dźwirzyno. It is not straightforward as the sea follows its own rhythm, which depends on various factors. Long-term stability of the sea rhythm can be hardly expected over more or less limited time of observation. Thus the discussion and conclusions presented in the work concern only specific conditions, i.e., the changes of the sea state ranging from 0-1 to 2-3 in the Beaufort wind scale. When the sea is calm (0-1 in the Beaufort wind scale) the foreshore forms 2.5-3.0 meter wide zone sloping seawards at an angle of 10 -12 degrees. The surface of the sea looks flat. Small waves with the height from 0.15 to 0.25 m are visible only in the shallowest part of the foreshore and break at the edge of the beach face. Under such conditions the foreshore abounds in small, undurable erosional and sedimentological forms, which have been described in details by Rudowski (1962) (compare also Kurowski, 2002). At 1-2 of the Beaufort wind scale wave height reaches 0.5-0.6 m in the surf zone. This results in the broadening of the beach face to 3.0 -4.0 m and the decrease of its inclination to 8-10°. Such conditions favour the formation of beach cusps, morphologic steps and erosional cavities. Micro-scale sand falls are often observed. Longer stability periods of the conditions lead to further increase of the beach face width (up to 4.0-6.0 m) and the drop of its slope angle (down to 6-8"). Gravel bars and often algal swash marks are formed along the swash zone maximum range. Beach lagoons linked with the system of flow channels are drained by return channels. Microdeltas occur within the lagoons. Increase of the sea dynamics (to 2-3 in the Beaufort wind scale) results in the wave height exceeding 1.0 m. in the investigated part of the shore. The width of the foreshore reaches 8.0-10.0 m and its inclination decreases to 2-4". Beach lagoons disappear replaced by channels, through which water and debris are transported under the conditions of upper flow regime in typical riverbeds. Further increase (>3 in the Beaufort wind scale) and a subsequent drop of the sea dynamics enables the formation of sandy shore terraces. Sedimentary forms and structures presented in the work are characteristic for sea shore environments and may have diagnostic importance in sedimentological studies of both present and fossil forms.