On the 10th October 1352, a battle took place near the Thracian city of Didymoteichon, which marked the first important victory of the Ottoman Turks in Europe. The results of this military encounter contributed to definitive Ottoman settlement in Thrace and further territorial expansion in the south-eastern Balkans. In the first part of this paper, the author notes the historical background of this battle, which took place in the context of two military conflicts – the War of the Straits (1350 – 1355) between Genoa and Venice and the Byzantine Civil War (1352 – 1357). In the second part, he focuses his attention on the course of the battle of Didymoteichon and its military aspects.
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