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Kilka uwag na temat wczesnośredniowiecznych pochówków antywampirycznych na ziemiach polskich

100%

Wajda S.

nr 2

205-208

The issue of early-mediaeval anti-vampiric burials is difficult to interpret and stirs emotions. The first information on such burials appeared in the 1950s. The phenomenon was more closely investigated by Maria Miśkiewiczowa nad Helena Zoll-Adamikowa, who identified the characteristics of anti-vampiric burials, which include: lack of sepulchral accessories, a skull separated from the skeleton (often placed between the legs), placing the body face down or on a side, placing the body with the legs bent up. Many of those features could have been incidental, as was noted by the above-mentioned researchers themselves. Unfortunately, some researchers interpret archaeological sources uncritically, labelling as “anti-vampiric” all the burials differing from the majority in a given burial ground. This leads to false hypotheses, as was the case with the “vampire” from the burial ground in Buczek, in whose chest an aspen peg was allegedly found. When the original research report from 1956 was recovered, it turned out that the skeleton’s chest had actually not survived and the peg had been a charred one. Such misinterpretations are numerous, for example in cases of decapitation or lack of some other body parts it is rarely stated whether the bones bear any traces of cutting or breaking. It is also very important to distinguish post-burial processes, which may result in characteristics taken to be an indication of anti-vampiric rituals (as was the case with the burial in Dziekanowice). It should be also remembered that on the basis of excavations the archaeologist is not able to reconstruct all the past funeral rites.

GRAVE 1/94 AND NEW DATA REFINING THE CHRONOLOGY OF EARLY MEDIEVAL CASTLE HILL IN NITRA

88%

Robak Z. , Bednár P.

tom 69

nr suppl 2

417 – 430

Based on a detailed analysis of the equipment and stratigraphy of the grave 1/94 on Nitra Castle, the present paper presents most recent information about the chronology of the settlement on the Castle Hill. Burying the dead on the hill started with the early medieval settlement in the area (8th/9th c.) and continued until the destruction of the wooden-soil chamber rampart in the second half of the 11th c. The grave 1/94 itself should be dated back to the second half of the 9th c. The density of equipped graves in the north-east part of the hill shows that the area was used primarily for funeral purposes. Graves were found in the area of the Plague Column and in the casemates of the south-eastern bastion. Probably, the area had served as a burial ground before the wooden-soil fortifications around the castle (rampart I) were built in the second half of the 9th c. Funerary customs changed only at the end of the 11th c. when the area by the St. Emmeram’s Church was transformed into a cemetery.