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4 Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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The last erythrosuchid - a revision of Chalishevia cothurnata from the late Middle Triassic of European Russia

100%

Butler R. J. , Sennikov A. G. , Ezcurra M. D. , Gower D. J.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

2019

tom 64

nr 4

Erythrosuchidae is a clade of early archosauriform reptiles that were large-bodied, hypercarnivorous, possibly apex predators in late Early and Middle Triassic ecosystems following the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. Chalishevia cothurnata from the late Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Russia, is the stratigraphically youngest known erythrosuchid species, but the holotype and referred material of this taxon has received little study. Here, we provide the first detailed anatomical description of C. cothurnata, including comparisons to other erythrosuchids. Although known from relatively fragmentary material, the anatomy of C. cothurnata is distinctive, including an autapomorphic strongly slanted ventral border of the antorbital fossa. The presence of a large accessory opening (the “accessory antorbital fenestra”) in the skull between the premaxilla, nasal and maxilla, together with the inferred presence of a narrow postnarial process of the premaxilla that articulated with a slot on the nasal, provides strong evidence for a sister taxon relationship between C. cothurnata and the erythrosuchid Shansisuchus shansisuchus from the early Middle Triassic (Anisian) of China. The inferred basal skull length of C. cothurnata was approximately 80 cm, making it one of the largest erythrosuchids known.

Ecomorphology and bone microstructure of Proterochampsia from the Chanares Formation

100%

Arcucci A. , Previtera E. , Mancuso A. C.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

2019

tom 64

nr 1

Proterochampsians are a South American endemic group of non-archosaurian archosauriforms with morphological characteristics recollecting Recent crocodilians, and therefore have been proposed as aquatic species. However, this has not been based on careful examination of anatomical and histological features. We provide a review of the morphological and histological evidence present in the skeleton of proterochampsids and discuss its implications for inferring the lifestyles of these organisms. Anatomical features such as a secondary palate, marginal dentition, palatine teeth, morphology of the tail, limb modification, and dermal armor are reviewed, and details of histological structures are described based on bone thin sections. Histological examination reveals a predominance of fibrolamellar bone tissue, suggesting rapid periosteal osteogenesis and therefore overall fast bone growth. The existence of discontinuities (LAGs) demonstrates that these animals responded to changes in their environment. Ecomorphological features do not provide definitive evidence for the lifestyles of proterochampsids, but allow us to propose a terrestrial/amphibious condition. The same is true of the histological features, particularly compactness of the bone.

A basal archosauriform from the Early Triassic of Poland

100%

Borsuk-Bialynicka M. , Evans S. E.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

2003

tom 48

nr 4

Basal Archosauriformes had a wide geographic distribution through the Lower to Middle Triassic. Osmolskina czatkowiensis gen. et sp. nov. from Early Olenekian karst deposits at Czatkowice, west of Cracow, provides the first record from Poland. The reconstructed skull and attributed postcranial elements show a morphology closely resembling that of the Early Anisian African genus Euparkeria Broom, 1913, while differing at generic level. Both genera display the same mosaic of plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states, but share no unique apomorphic character state. They might thus be combined in the family Euparkeriidae Huene, 1920, but could also constitute two plesions of the same grade lying just below the Archosauria + Proterochampsidae node. Currently, Euparkeriidae remains monotypic because no other genus can be assigned to it with confidence. Until this problem is resolved, the term “euparkeriid” essentially denotes a grade of Lower to Middle Triassic non−archosaurian archosauriforms that are more derived than proterosuchid grade taxa, but lack the specializations of either erythrosuchids or proterochampsids. They were probably Pangaean in their distribution.

An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian-Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

88%

Yanez I. , Pol D. , Leardi J. M. , Alcober O. A. , Martinez R. N.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

2021

tom 66

nr 3