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EN
In Central Europe, as well as in Poland many introduced spider species have been recorded in the past decades. Most of them are from areas with warm climate, and spreading mainly in synanthropic environment, rarely colonizing natural habitats. Results of research, presented in this paper extend the list of Polish synanthropic araneofauna by four species: Latrodectus mactans, Cheiracanthium mildei, Heteropoda venatoria and Heliophanus cf. apiatus. In addition, new findings of rare or rarely collected synanthropic spider species (Nesticella mogera, Scytodes thoracica, Psilochorus simoni, Uloborus plumipes, Parasteatoda tabulata, Steatoda triangulosa, Mermessus trilobatus, Ostearius melanopygius, Hasarius adansoni, Leptorchestes berolinensis, Pseudeuophrys lanigera) are discussed. Presented data enrich our knowledge about distribution of these species in Poland and show new pathways of potential expansion. For Uloborus plumipes and Hasarius adansoni presence of stable, permanent populations is shown. Findings of Mermessus trilobatus and Ostearius melanopygius in open country suggest that these alien species are gradually colonizing natural biotopes.
PL
W Europie Środkowej, w tym także w Polsce, w ciągu ostatnich dekad zanotowano szereg gatunków pająków pochodzących z innych stref klimatycznych, które zostały introdukowanei rozprzestrzeniają się w środowiskach synantropijnych. Zaprezentowane w niniejszej pracy wyniki badań wydłużają listę stwierdzonych w Polsce przedstawicieli synantropijnej araneofauny o cztery gatunki: Latrodectus mactans, Cheiracanthium mildei, Heteropoda venatoria oraz Heliophanus cf. apiatus. Oprócz tych gatunków omówiono nowe stanowiska sporadycznie lub rzadko dotychczas wykazywanych w Polsce pająków synantropijnych takich jak: Nesticella mogera, Scytodes thoracica, Psilochorus simoni, Uloborus plumipes, Parasteatoda tabulata, Mermessus trilobatus, Ostearius melanopygius, Hasarius adansoni, Leptorchestes berolinensis i Pseudeuophrys lanigera. Przedstawione dane uzupełniają stan poznania rozmieszczenia tych gatunków w Polsce o nowe lokalizacje oraz wskazują drogi potencjalnej ekspansji. Dla Uloborus plumipes i Hasarius adansoni wykazano istnienie dużych, rozmnażających się w Polsce, trwałych populacji.
PL
Autorzy tego artykułu podają dane o występowaniu i ekologii trzech mało znanych pająków myrmekofilnych (Acartauchenius scurrilis O. P.-Cambridge, Thyreosthenius biovatus O. P.-Cambridge i Mastigusa arietina Thorell) na Słowacji. Zwłaszcza górskie notowanie M. arietina u podnóża Zachodnich Tatr jest bardzo niezwykłe.
EN
Abstract The authors of this article provide data on the occurrence and ecology of three little-known myrmecophilous spiders (Acartauchenius scurrilis O.P.-Cambridge, Thyreosthenius biovatus O.P.-Cambridge and Mastigusa arietina Thorell) in Slovakia. The mountain record of M. arietina at the foot of the Západné Tatry Mts is especially remarkable.
EN
Abandoned pastures are frequent phenomenon throughout central Europe due to the reduction of grazing. This also concerns the abandoned pasture near the village of Malé Kršteňany (Western Slovakia). We dealt with the research of spiders in this site in 2015 and spring of 2017. Despite it is a secondary anthropogenous habitat, the fauna of spiders is relatively rich, including infrequent or up to rare species, including Theonina cornix, Phycosoma inornatum, Altella biuncata, Brommella falcigera, Mastigusa arietina, Diaea livens, Tmarus stellio, Chalcoscirtus brevicymbialis, Pellenes nigrociliatus and Haplodrassus kulczynskii. The species of warm and moderate habitats are highly prevailing here – together it is 97%. The analysis of the spider faunal composition according to originality of habitat is even more interesting. The share of climax species is surprisingly high – 54.83%, despite this habitat is not at all ‘pristine’. Experts opinions on the climax, especially those of a conservative nature, require revision and a comprehensive view of modern ecology. We suppose that some particular stages of the on-going succession process can be interpreted as "partial climax stages" tending towards the ‘final’ arrangement of the biota. It is necessary to emphasize that the climax is not at the ‘definitive’ and ‘constant’ stage, on the contrary, it is a highly dynamic and variable process.
EN
This work presents results of the studies on responses of plant communities and ecologically diverse invertebrate communities to mountain spruce forest decline in the western part of Karkonosze Mts. (south-western Poland). It was examined how distribution and biodiversity and predatorprey relations of invertebrates (Araneae, Diptera, Protozoa) have been affected by fragmentation of the landscape composed of residues of old-growth spruce forests, young spruce stands and deforested areas.
EN
In Lublin City two localities of Steatoda triangulosa were detected. This expansive, synanthropic spider has not been recorded previously in Poland. Observations indicate that the specimens came from small but the indigenous populations, found in one of large garden-shopping centers in Lublin.
EN
The genus Pellenes is newly recorded from Australia. Its relationships are discussed and diagnostic drawings, redescription and distributional data for Pellenes bitaeniata (Keyserling, 1882), the only known Australian representative of the genus, are given.
EN
Improphantes geniculatus (Kulczyński 1898) is a rare steppe spider species, known from a few locations in Central Europe and from Southern part of Russia. Authors give information about afirst location of I. geniculatus in Poland, affirmed which is in “Góry Pieprzowe” Reserve near Sandomierz.
EN
The genus Langelurillus gen. nov. is described. Its relationships to Aelurillus Simon, 1884, Langona Simon, 1901 and Phlegra Simon, 1876 are discussed. Three new species: Langelurillus primus, L. holmi and L. spinosus from Kenya are described.
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