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EN
Etmopterus spinax is a deep-sea shark species that inhabits the northeast Atlantic and the western Mediterranean Sea. Skagerrak and Kattegat are reported to be part of the distribution of the species, but it has never been noted in the southern Baltic. Lacking any commercial value and commonly discarded in trawl and longline fisheries, E. spinax has been poorly studied. We reported on the first record of one specimen of E. spinax caught in the Pomeranian Bay on October 13, 2016 at a depth of 10 m. It was a female measuring 42.7 cm in total length. The morphological examination of the specimen was supported with COI barcode analysis, whereas species assignment to the population of origin was conducted based on a control region (CR) sequence of mtDNA. COI and CR sequence searches against GeneBank confirmed its identity as E. spinax and revealed that the specimen shared identical haplotypes with fish from populations in the Azores, Rockall Trough, and west of Ireland in the northeast Atlantic. The stomach contents, parasitic fauna, and hepatosomatic index of the individual were also examined. Only one L3 larval Anisakis simplex nematode specimen was collected from the stomach lumen of the shark. The specimen could have arrived in the Pomeranian Bay along with an inflow from the North Sea. In December 2014, a strong Major Baltic Inflow brought large amounts of water into the Baltic Sea, followed by some inflows of moderate intensity.
EN
Five out of 28 Great Cormorants collected in spring 2005 from the Vistula Lagoon were found to contain a total of 19 (16 in the stomach and 3 in the intestine) stage III larvae of Anisakis simplex. Spring is the season when nematode-infected herring from the western Baltic, Danish straits, and the North Sea arrive in the Vistula Lagoon and transmit the infection to cormorants feeding on them. This study is the first record of A. simplex larvae in the Great Cormorant.
EN
Quantitative indices of herring infestation in Sakhalin waters reveal a high infection rate of fish in the basin of the Sea of Okhotsk, off the east coast of the island. Moreover, in certain years almost 100% of herring were infested. The so-called local populations as well as widely migrating Sakhalin Hokkaido herring are confined to the area of this waterbody. In the basin of the Sea of Japan, off the west coast of Sakhalin, the indicator values of herring infestation are much lower. The local population as well as widely migrating herring of Sakhalin Hokkaido population are confined to this marine area. The causality analysis of herring infestation in these areas allows to confirm our earlier conclusions about population structure of herring inhabiting the waters around Sakhalin Island.
PL
Ilościowe wskaźniki skażenia śledzia pacyficznego w wodach Sachalinu wskazują na wysokie zanieczyszczenie ryb w dorzeczu Morza Ochockiego, u wschodniego wybrzeża wyspy. Co więcej, w niektórych latach śledź został zainfekowany prawie w 100%. Lokalne populacje śledzia, a także szeroko migrująca Sachalińsko-Hokkaidowska populacja śledzia są ograniczone do obszaru wodnego tego zbiornika. W basenie Morza Japońskiego, u zachodniego wybrzeża Sachalinu, wartości wskaźników zainfekowania śledzia są znacznie niższe. Podobnie lokalne i szeroko migrująca Sachalińsko-Hokkaidowska populacje śledzia są również ograniczone do tego obszaru wodnego. Analiza związków przyczynowo-skutkowych zainfekowania śledzi w tych obszarach pozwala potwierdzić uzyskane wcześniej wyniki dotyczące struktury populacji śledzi wód otaczających wyspę Sachalin.
EN
α-Amylase is present in the third (L3) and in the fourth-stage (L4) of larvae from Anisakis simplex. The enzymes from both sources differ in same of their properties. Α-Amylase from L3 showed a maximum at pH 7,8, enzyme from L4 stage at pH 6,5. The α-amylase from L3 was mainly lysosomal enzyme. The enzyme from L4 was located in the microsomal fraction. The L3 α-amylase showed the inhibition by EDT A and by -SH reagent iodoacetic acid. These agents did not change the activity of L4 enzyme. Bath izoenzymes were unaffected by calcium and magnesium ions. Generally the α-amylase from L4 stage had higher activity (3,71 u/mg) than L3 one (2,29 u/mg).
EN
The aim of this paper is to establish the haematological and organic changes in halothane-sensitive and halothane-resistant pigs in the course of experimental anisakiosis. Experiments were carried out on two groups of pigs (3 animals each). The pigs from the first group were given fifty A. simplex B larvae, the pigs from the second one received ten larvae and then again fifteen larvae each after the 5th and 6th days. The number of leucocytes, neutrophiles, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophiles was greater - different in both series, but similar in halothane (stress) - resistant and - sensitive pigs. In the case of sensitive pigs much greater reactive changes were found in the stomach submucosa than in that of resistant pigs. In this group of pigs nematode larvae have also been traced in the submucosa of the same organ.
PL
Badania hematologiczne i obserwacje mońologiczne przeprowadzono na 6 świniach. Trzy z nich należały do populacji wrażliwej na stres, a trzy inne do odpornej. Do zarażenia użyto larw trzeciego stadium Anisakis simplex forma B ze śledzi Clupea harengus z Południowego Bałtyku. U badanych świń, a szczególnie odpornych na stres, stwierdzono przyrost liczby leukocytów we krwi. U wszystkich zwierząt wystąpiła limfocytoza jak i znaczny przyrost monocytów. Nie stwierdzono istotnych różnic w ilościach granulocytów obojętnochłonnych u obu badanych grup. Niniejsze wyniki wskazują, że świnie zarażają się larwami Anisakis simplex B, co nie było dotychczas stwierdzone. Reakcje hematologiczne i mońologiczne mają nieco inny przebieg u wrażliwych i niewrażliwych na stres zwierząt.
EN
Live Anisakis simplex third-stage larvae (L3) penetrate gastrointestinal mucosa after they are ingested in raw or undercooked seafood, thereafter causing gastrointestinal manifestations and allergic manifestations such as urticaria and anaphylaxis. These allergic reactions are mediated by specific IgE to L3 allergens, especially excretory-secretory (ES) allergens. Recent evidences suggest that only live larvae can cause allergic reactions, although cases attributable to ingestion of cooked, frozen seafood have been reported. Therefore the risk of Anisakis-associated hypersensitivity by ingestion of properly cooked and frozen fish remains controversial. No prior report describes the kinetics of antibody production in experimental animals after oral inoculation with dead L3. This study used ELISA to assess antibody production in rats inoculated orally with dead L3. Positive absorbance value in IgG, IgM, and IgE specific to ES antigen from L3 were found in rats inoculated with live L3 but not with dead L3 (frozen, heated, cut, or homogenized). At one week post re-inoculation with live or frozen L3 to the initially sensitized rats, the absorbance value of the specific IgM and IgE to ES antigen elevated quickly and highly in rats that had been re-inoculated with live L3, but they decreased slightly or did not change in rats inoculated with frozen L3. These results suggest that only ingestion of live L3 can produce the specific antibody and induce initial and secondary sensitizations to L3.
EN
Geographical distribution of Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras (L., 1761)) affected with externally visible pathological symptoms is demonstrated, based on the observations of 5 028 individuals. The fish were collected in period 25.11-08.12.1994, from 36 sampling hauls performed on a transect from the south-western to the north-eastern Baltic Sea. The results of analyses indicate statistically significant differences in the fraction of herring with externally visible diseases (mean percentage of 3.7%) dependent on the geographical area. A relationship between the prevalence of emaciation (mean prevalence of 3.3%), infection (mean prevalence of 3.7%) in herring with the parasitic larvae of Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809), and the area of sample collection was shown to exist.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono zmiany ekstensywności występowania objawów patologicznych u śledzi bałtyckich (Clupea harengus membras (L., 1761)) wywołanych chorobami, wychudzeniem i zapasożyceniem larwami Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809). Analizom poddano materiał zebrany przez autora na niemieckim statku badawczym RV „Walther Herwig III", podczas zorganizowanego w okresie od 25.11 do 08.12.1994 r. międzynarodowego BMB/ICES Sea-going Workshop „Fish diseases and parasites in the Baltic Sea". Wyniki testów wskazują na statystycznie istotne zróżnicowanie w rozmieszczeniu geograficznym (na profilu od Zatoki Meklemburskiej do Zatoki Fińskiej - 11 stacji połowów kontrolnych ryb) śledzi dotkniętych rozpatrywanymi zmianami patologicznymi. Analiza regresji nie ujawniła statystycznie istotnej zależności między ekstensywnością występowania trzech rozpatrywanych zmian patologicznych u śledzi a długością ryb; jedyny wyjątek stanowi statystycznie istotna zależność między frakcją śledzi zapasożyconych a długością ryb.
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tom 43
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nr 4
425-430
EN
The studies were carried out on guinea pig males. The animals were infected with 30 larvae (L3) of Anisakis simplex. After 6 hrs of invasion the animals were dissected. In homogenized pancreas and duodenal contents activities of trypsin were determined. In stomach content activities of pepsin were determined. The activities of trypsin in duodenal contents and in pancreas homogenate from infected animals were lower in comparison with the control animals. The activities of pepsin were higher in infected animals.
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tom 46
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nr 3
EN
Of the 400 pike-perches examined, 12% were infected with L3 Anisakis simplex. The infected fish were over 45 cm long. The hypothesis submitted was that the pike-perches may constitute the source of infection in accidental hosts, i.e. in man.
EN
The cultivation was done on Eagle's media as well as Eagle's media enriched with the supplement of 10 and 20% of bovine serum. In the media without serum the larvae lived significantly shorter and did not get through molting. They lived the longest and came through molting the fastest in the media with pH 2.0 supplemented with 20% SB. In the media with the pH 4,0 and 7.3 the larvae lived significantly shorter and only a small proportion reached stage IV.
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