Population censuses have been organised sporadically since antiquity, but in the 19th century they acquired a universal character. These censuses are a good source of information on the rural population, but it was not until the introduction of systematic national agricultural censuses that a broader picture of the countryside and agriculture was obtained. In the censuses conducted after 1918 in Poland, there was a fixed cata-logue of questions on the characteristics of farms, but each time new questions were also introduced to reflect the specificity of agriculture in a given historical period. The censuses were conducted on a fairly regular basis and, therefore, they provide valuable information for comparative analyses. Due to their universality and thematic scope, they also collect data on demography and socio-professional and economic relations that are not available in other sources.(original abstract)
Celem artykułu było przedstawienie najważniejszych tendencji w rolnictwie polskim w latach 2002-2010, w tym zmiana struktury gospodarstw rolnych, specjalizacja, modernizacja oraz pogłębiające się zróżnicowanie regionalne. Analiza wyników, otrzymanych na podstawie Powszechnego Spisu Rolnego w 2002 i 2010 roku, oraz przeprowadzenie ich porównań ma szczególne znaczenie, ponieważ obrazuje stan rolnictwa przed i po akcesji Polski do UE.
EN
The paper presents the main results of the Agricultural Census 2010 (PSR 2010), conducted for the first time after the Polish accession to the European Union. It broadly describes the trends in the years 2002-2010, illustrates the dynamic changes in agriculture, the trend of the economic efficiency, production concentration, specialization and modernization. It describes the phenomena concomitant these changes i.a. reducing the number of farms and agricultural production, or even abandoning their agricultural activities. It was noted that the changes in Polish agriculture occur inconsistently due to the large regional differences in the country. It also discusses the special role in the transformation of agriculture in the countryside and the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, having multifaceted impact on many phenomena, such as specialization and modernization offarms, maintenance of sown area, as well as a decline in populations of some species of livestock. (original abstract)
The aim of the paper is to indicate the most important challenges for agriculture in Poland in the context of the implementation of the European Green Deal and the Polish Strategic Plan for the Common Agricultural Policy for the years 2023-2027. The primary tool used in the study was a comparative analysis of legal EU and Polish documents. This comparison was supplemented by an analysis of statistical data on agriculture in Poland, mainly covering 2005-2020, obtained from the Agricultural Census 2020, Statistics Poland, the National Centre for Emissions Management, the Agricultural and Food Commercial Quality Inspection and the European Medicines Agency. The results show that the Polish national targets for 2030 are significantly lower than the European ones but have been set, taking into account the feasibility of their implementation, which means that meeting each of the primary national targets in the agricultural sector will be very challenging.(original abstract)
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