Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

O polskim stereotypie Afryki oraz jego zmienności

100%

Chodubski A.

Forum Politologiczne

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2006

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tom 3 - Kontakty polsko-afrykańskie. Przeszłość, teraźniejszość, przyszłość

13-37

EN

The problem of the Polish stereotype of Africa and its change- ability is interpreted on the basis of the research conducted among c.a. 1000 students educated in Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia (e.g. Gdańsk University, Technical University in Gdańsk). The findings of the research disclosed that young generation of Poles had revealed quite big interest towards African problems, both to the past, present and future. But their knowledge on Africa functions in images of mythos and stereotypes which are created and propagated by mass media in less extent by school education. Important function in widening knowledge on the Continent plays development of Polish contacts with African countries (employment of Poles on contracts, creation of Polish Diaspora centers and visits of Polish tourists). Among young Polish generation functions positive picture of Africa and its cultural specificity. African reality is experienced as exotic and worth to get to know. But from the point of development of Civilization, Africa comes to light as backward, poor with many pathological problems of the continent.

2

Przestrzeń religijna w Afryce. Islam - pomiędzy religią a ruchem spoęcznym - praktyka dnia codziennego

100%

Podyma K.

Forum Politologiczne

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2010

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tom 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce

49-67

EN

Islam as a religious term is quite unclear when we talk about its principles in Western Africa. This region is a specific example of overlapping influences, religions, cultures and ideas. Potentially, in the context of New York 2001 dramatic events, 'Africa should answer' as S. Huntington describes it in his famous work. African presence was completely surprising, when it showed its own way of treating Osama Bin-Laden and the Fundamentalist theory. Mixture of influences for ages gave this part of continent a special kind of tolerance and „ecumenical" co-existence of cultures and religions. In such conditions, Black Muslim, self-created by the natural fitting and the dialog with the local tradition, worked out its own rules and religious standards. The article tries to describe the designates of common Muslim behaviors in the context of contemporary African everyday life. As the support, the author uses the rules of five pillars of Islam: Shahada (Profession of Faith), Salat (prayers), Zakat (Giving of Alms), Sawm (Fasting during Ramadan) and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). These five practices are essential to Sunni Islam which is the base of Black Muslim. The result of the reflection is the statement of diversity and heterogeneity of the African Islam. Islam's rules, principles and duties were confronted with the power of traditional religions and cultures and this confrontation gave the African Islam a new face - totally inhomogeneous and full of local, specific solutions. While considering the character of Black Islam one should speak about its duality found between "bush" and "scholar" versions. Scientists talk about the exceptional, autonomic character of religious activities. The sources of observations and opinions are confirmed by the interviews collected during the scientific expeditions organized by Municipal Museum in Żory, where the author works.

3

Granice, terytorium i przestrzeń w Afryce według Achillesa Mbembe

100%

Bichta T.

Forum Politologiczne

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2010

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tom 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce

113-124

EN

Contemporary Africa is a very specific expanse where territories and boundaries always played major role. The shape of boundaries is one of the main problems in African countries since long time. Boundaries imposed by colonist countries often didn’t mirror the real divisions and differences on relevant territory. These days many scientists notice a huge value of boundaries and territories on African continent. One of them is Achille Mbembe - theorist of post colonialism, African issues expert and the author of some well-known political essays. According to Mbembe a boundary is not always the end, it's often just the beginning of wide-ranging consequences in behaviour of some objects of foreign affairs. Colonialism and its results are in his opinion the first factor that impacted and still does on territorial situation in Africa. The second is a regional integration that is nowadays happening in Africa. Mbembe marks out three parts of African continent and pays attention to some connections among them. In his opinion every region, every area has its use and can be domesticated even if is regarded as marginal. Africa is constantly pulling itself apart and taking on new shapes under the combined effects of demography, massive urbanisation and the economic, military and religious ambitions being pursued.

4

Afryka w klasycznej i współczesnej myśli geopolitycznej

100%

Klin T.

Forum Politologiczne

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2010

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tom 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce

85-112

EN

In the article Africa's position in the achievements of the main representatives' geopolitical thought has been described. In the period until 1945 considerations about this continent as an object of expansion were preferred, it was also emphasized Africa's little significance in the context of a lack of sufficient power on the global scale. An interesting exception has been created by Halford Mackinder, who called a major part of Africa "Southern Heartland" - a territory recognized as difficult to conquest and control by sea powers. In the modern geopolitical thought more attention has been paid to marginalization of Africa, what is a consequence of the lack of essential centres of power, economic weakness, and not completely formed separate African civilisation. Another considered aspect was the main lines dividing the continent. They coincide in the high degree with the common division into North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa.

5

Afrykańskie dzieło papieża Jana Pawła II

100%

Łatak K.

Forum Politologiczne

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2006

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tom 3 - Kontakty polsko-afrykańskie. Przeszłość, teraźniejszość, przyszłość

229-237

EN

The article refers to very crucial element of the pontificate of the John Paul II, his engagement in Catholic Church matters in Africa, and his wider concern of African people. Before showing different forms of the engagement of the John Paul II, the situation of the contemporary Catholic Church in Africa was presented. The Pope expressed his interest on Africa and its citizens in many ways. During his pontificate he made 14 pilgrimages to the African continent (in 1980, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2000) and visited 42 countries. On the international scene he was an advocate of African people and supported initiatives which could solve political, social and economic problems of the continent (especially military conflicts, hunger, diseases e.g. AIDS, economic injustice). In the end of article synthetic depiction of results of the engagement were characterized.

6

Przywództwo lineażowe w Afryce - między imperatywem krwi a wymogiem tradycji

100%

Pawlik J. J.

Forum Politologiczne

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2008

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tom 7 - Przywódcy i przywództwo we współczesnej Afryce

53-70

EN

In most simple societies it is possible to find different forms of the political power. Apart from the usual exercise of the power as government of the common matters, inside these groups the politics concerns the socialization of the youths preparing them to their social functions, the confrontation and adaptation of the interests of the group and the communication of the symbols. Outside the groups the politics of the lineage authority defends the integrity of the group and regulates the relationship between different lineages of the neighbourhood. The lineage authority bases on the kinship and the territory. The author presents the dynamic structure of the lineage and different factors having influence on the power of line- age authority. First, it is the kinship and the age hierarchy which cause the continuous change in lineages through the process of segmentation and fusion. Then, it is the territory which constitutes another important element of authority because its property remains in hands of the head of the whole lineage. Next, the author exposes the role of the ancestors as warrants of the political order and in the end he shows that the marriage as a contract between two segments or lineages can be an important means of political influence. The lineage authority disposes of sufficient political instruments to wield power without any coercive means.

7

African Regional Media System in Post-Bipolar Era

80%

Tereshchuk V.

Torun International Studies

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2018

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nr 11

55-66

EN

This paper examines the development of African regional media system development in the period after Cold War, including contemporary situation, both from political perspective. It is characterized primarily by the fact that Africa ceased to be an arena of confrontation between the communist and capitalist worlds, but instead it became a place for international competition for the influence on the continent between the “old” and “new” global players, mainly, between the USA, Europe and China. This struggle is manifested in high level of attention for the creation and support by main actors of various channels of influence on African audiences by mass media (both traditional — foreign broadcasting by radio and television, and Internet platforms — websites, online broadcasting, social media). Secondly, there is an attempt by the African media environment to create Pan-African media, which, being guided by commercial needs and operated in conditions of liberalized information space, are quite successful, unlike the failed projects that took place during the Cold War, being politically motivated and existed in a largely undemocratic environment. We also argue that there are distinct sub-regional media systems that coincide with the borders of the former colonial empires. Their existence is both colonial legacy (common language, cultural ties, etc.), and a result of contemporary of media influence of the former metropolises.

8

The Illusion of a Post-Racialised World

80%

Negedu I. A.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2021

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nr 1

9-21

EN

The presidential election of 2007 that sworn in Barack Obama as president of the United States of America heightened the idea that rightly, or wrongly, suggests the world (at least the U.S.) has become post-racialised. I will explain how the notion of post-raciality is a distraction to the demands of racial diversity in the twenty-first century. I use the conversational thinking as an alternative method to show how the possibility of both nuances in the form of racial conflict/diversity can subsist. The difference I envisage is that between highly melanated Africans and European Americans. Here, I argue that dialogue is still the most preferred option in racial conflict. However, the dialogue I propose is not a promise akin to the post-racialised, but a relationship that can exist in the midst of conflict, while at the same time acknowledging difference.

9

Corporate Governance and the African business context: The Case of Nigeria

80%

Letza S.

Economics and Business Review

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2017

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tom 3(17)

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nr 1

EN

A robust institutional framework is essential to enable firms to function efficiently. The aspect of corporate governance investigated in this paper is the legal and societal principles and process which form the business context within which firms operate. The paper explores the challenges to firms trading in Africa arising from cultural dynamics peculiar to the continent and further explores the historical reasons for the present cultural context to business in Africa. Nigeria is presented as a special case, perhaps even an extreme case, of the challenges to corporate governance in Africa since it is perceived by many to be one of the weaker environments given its perceived levels of corruption. The paper concludes with an assessment of the likelihood of African states successfully tackling corruption in the future as the current approaches unfold over the coming years.

10

Privatization and the Social Value of Water in Africa

80%

Olutayo A. , Omobowale A. , Amzat J.

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nr 3

311-319

EN

The paper assesses the current clamor and actual privatization of water in Africa. Though this is said to be done in view of wastage and declining access of people to water, this paper submits that the transformation of the social value of water to economic, is rather a continuation of capitalist quest for profit making, which eventually is at the expense of the poor majority.

11

The Dark Continent then and now. From the land of savages to the land of wars

80%

Danielová V.

Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne

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2017

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tom 17

216-232

EN

This paper deals with the representation of Africa in selected British opinion-forming periodicals. The study is dedicated to a comparison of the images of the continent and its inhabitants prevailing in the 19th century, exemplified by „The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London”, with contemporary images represented by the British media, such as the BBC’s „Focus on Africa Magazine”. The emphasis lies on an analysis of the stereotypes occurring in the discussed periodicals and a subsequent defining of the similarities as well as differences in the stereotyping of Africa in both pre-colonial and post-colonial periods. Further, their effect on public opinion is emphasised.

12

Problem ubóstwa we współczesnej Afryce w nauczaniu społecznym Kościoła katolickiego

80%

Romejko A.

Forum Politologiczne

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2011

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tom 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce

127-165

EN

The social teaching of the Catholic Church is a doctrine on matters of poverty and wealth, economics, social organization and the role of the state. The principles of Catholic social teaching are: human dignity, love, truth, freedom, justice, solidarity, subsidiarity, participation, preferential option for the poor and vulnerable, dignity of work and the rights of workers and care for God’s creation. Several organs of the Holy See are dedicated to social issues, among others the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace. Although blessed with a wealth of natural resources, Africa is the poorest continent. Poverty is understood in many different ways, but most commonly it is described as an economic condition where one lacks both money and the basic necessities that are needed to successfully survive. Many people in Africa still live in abject poverty because of bad governance, corruption and human irresponsibility. Many Africans are also victims of diseases such as AIDS and malaria. In this situation the Catholic Church can play a critical role by advocating for economic justice and eradication of poverty from Africa. The Catholic Church in Africa, which calls herself the Family of God, undertakes many actions against the poverty, such as: education, health, aid to the needy, development projects, defence of human rights, and the commitment to bring about democracy and legally constituted states. Making his first trip to Africa, Pope Benedict XVI said the Catholic Church can help to bring an answers to the continent's chronic problems, including poverty, AIDS and tribalism.

13

Social media jako narzędzie ewangelizacji i komunikacji w Kenii

80%

Makuła M.

Studia Ełckie

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2019

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tom 21

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nr 4

471-488

EN

The Catholic Church in Africa develops, the number of believers grows, as does the number of priestly and religious vocations. That is why it is important to research the new communication trends in Africa in order to help the Catholic Church in its evangelization mission. Young priests, consecrated and lay people in Africa more and more often take advantage of social media in their work. The research was conducted using a questionnaire method and a free interview method. In order to execute the research in a precise and reliable manner, a trip to Kenya and Nairobi for a few weeks was organized. The research question was to determine how the Catholic Church in Kenya could make better use of social media for information, promotion and evangelization purposes. The research would be a contribution to the professionalization of published content in social media by people actively involved in the Catholic Church in Kenya.

14

Dożywotnie przywództwo polityczne a konflikty w Afryce

80%

Gemechu D.

Forum Politologiczne

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2008

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tom 7 - Przywódcy i przywództwo we współczesnej Afryce

71-86

EN

Political leadership during the period of freedom movement in Africa had a dominant role. They coordinated and led the independence struggle against colonialism. The case of independence became the common goal of all Africans. Political leaders had full sup port of their people, among well known charismatic leaders Kwame Nkrumah can be mentioned. After the gradual success of common vision, which was independence, the view of previous freedom leaders was diversified on the process of continent's unity; they were divided into three different groups. The Casablanca group favoured a strong political union of independent Africa; the Monrovia group supported functional non-political cooperation and the Brazzaville group which stood for a gradual concept of African Unity starting with regional cooperation. Eventually all the leaders of three groups agreed to form the Organization of African Unity. Most of the freedom leaders started to build their power, based on a single party system, planning to stay in power for lifelong. These leaders became dictators and corrupted. Transfer of state power was based on violence. Some are still in office from the period of independence. Others died naturally exercising power while most of them were overthrown by military coupe or forced to leave office. They failed in terms of nation building. Conflict over power sharing started at the early stage of independence and still continues. The legacy of wrong exercise of power had resulted in ethnic conflict, political, economic and social crisis in Africa.

15

Bogactwo i bieda w Afryce - aspekty ekonomiczne, efekty społeczne i kulturowe

80%

Szupejko M.

Forum Politologiczne

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2011

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tom 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce

35-66

EN

Wealth and poverty in Africa are phenomena perceived in the modern world as the most drastic symptoms of social polarisation. These phenomena are defined by indicators. The following indicators have been used in this article: development index - HDI, poverty index - HPI and also gender index - GDI. However, behind the numbers there is a reality that is far more complicated. Hence, in order to see an objective picture of a society we mustn't forget that all indicators show only an average. The reality is quality of life: actual earnings, place of stay, chances for a professional and social promotion, and barriers in the access to education, welfare, and health care. The article focuses on facts that render it impossible to end poverty permanently.

16

Household expenditure in Africa: evidence of mean reversion

80%

Olalude G. A. , Yaya O. S. , Olayinka H. A. , Jimoh T. A. , Adebiyi A. A. , Adesina O. A.

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tom 24

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nr 3

171-186

EN

This paper investigates the mean reversion in household consumption expenditure in 38 African countries; the expenditure series used were the percentage of nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP), each spanning 1990 to 2018. Due to a small sample size of time series of household expenditure, with possible structural breaks, we used the Fourier unit root test approach, which enabled us to model both smooth and instantaneous breaks in the expenditure series. The results showed non-mean reversion in the consumption expenditure pattern of Egypt, Madagascar and Tunisia, while mean reversion was detected in the remaining 35 countries. Thus, the majority of African countries are on the verge of recession once shocks that affect the growth of GDP are triggered. Findings in this paper are of relevance to policymakers on poverty alleviation programmes in those selected countries.

17

Polityka Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej wobec państw Afryki: strategia pięciu zasad

80%

Gemechu D. K.

Forum Politologiczne

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2008

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tom 8 - Współczesny Daleki Wschód w stosunkach międzynarodowych - rywalizacja i mocarstwowość

157-176

EN

This article focuses on the new policy of China towards Africa. Over the past 50 years, Sino - African relations was based on ideological reasons, but in recent years, rather there is the growing interest of economic factors. The new strategy of five principles, designed as the guide line to cooperate with African states is to fulfil this goal. These include: mutual respect, for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence. The ultimate goal of this principle is based on diplomatic offensive to strengthen political, economic and strategic relations with African countries. This strategy is motivated by great demand of energy for the booming economy of China, which led to seek oil and other raw materials from Africa. The China - Africa cooperation Forum was established in 2000. The cooperation forum was the result of collective dialogue to promote peace and development based on mutual benefit. The second Ministerial Conference of the China - Africa cooperation Forum that was held in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), in December 2003, adopted the Action Plan (2004-2006) to be implemented within three years. The two sides have further agreed to step up their high-level exchanges and political consultations and will also jointly work on the issues of peace and security, trade cooperation, cultural exchanges and to enhance coordination in international affairs. So far, the leaders of Africa are satisfied with cooperation, which guarantees them to keep them in power; on the other hand for the vast majority of the people of Africa, the new power is not better than those of the colonial power. Recently, Chinese economic expansion is growing very fast in Africa. Traditional economic partners of the continent are worried about the situation. Competition among economic powers to retain their position may undermine the issues of human rights and democracy.

18

Walka z biedą, korupcją i priorytety obronności. Dylematy współczesnej Afryki

80%

Gemechu D. K.

Forum Politologiczne

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2011

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tom 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce

67-85

EN

Africa is one of the richest continents in natural resources, and yet its people are the poorest on this planet. The causes of poverty in Africa are based on various factors. The main cause is the lack efficient management of public property by corrupt and irresponsible leaders. Unfortunately it's a continent where government authorities enjoy luxury life and ordinary citizens starve. Every year Africa loses 148 billion USD because of corruption. National proper- ty is treated as the private ownership by many African leaders. Mostly leaders focus on how to safeguard, prolong their span of reign and keep their private interest. Resources are mostly diverted for the building of complex security systems, such as military, police and secret security services which is consider as their top priority. Military expenditure and political corruption have direct or indirect effect on poverty. African leaders and their allies in the Western world, banking systems which save looted money from Africa are partly responsible for the enlargement of poverty in Africa. Eradication of poverty in Africa declared by many African countries, seems to be unrealistic. Exploitation of national treasure by leaders for their private purposes, could be considered as the series problem for the development of Africa. This Article tries to analyze relations between eradication of poverty, political corruption and priority given for military expenditure by African rulers to safeguard their own interests ignoring all inclusive national development.

19

Przestrzeń i granice monetarne we współczesnej Afryce. Na przykładzie strefy franka CFA

80%

Ndiaye B.

Forum Politologiczne

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2010

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tom 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce

125-142

EN

On an enormous field of Africa, composed of different countries, sometimes outlying, money circulates, franc CFA, which is not under the control of political units, called independent states. This monetary area is called zone of franc. It connects former French colonies of West Africa, Central Africa and Indian Ocean. Some call this situation monetary neocolonialism. So, it is possible to put question if countries of franc's zone are sovereign, as that they do not have capabilities of beating their own coins, a political act, lack of which pulls down the bases of their sovereignty. These countries have still common currency imposed in the colonial period. The history of CFA is strictly correlated with the history of colonization of African countries CFA. Franc CFA has emerged 25 December 1945 officially, the day, that France ratified Bretton Woods Agreements. The creation of franc CFA was and remains still reasonable for French authorities, for the reason of particular co-operation between France and its old colonies. There was a delicate manner to control the economy of these African countries also. In fact, since colonization, African countries remain stocks of raw materials and had to supply French industry, when France transfers to these countries its surplus of industrial production. This way, franc CFA enabled the transfer of French firms benefices without risk of exchange rate.

20

Does China’s Aid in Africa Affect Traditional Donors?

80%

Deyassa K.

International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal

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2019

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tom 23

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nr 1

199-215

EN

China’s role as an emerging aid provider and the concept of a social plan in Africa has led to polarised responses in the West. Several say that this “productivist” strategy is much less determined by the concepts of citizenship, legal, social rights, and much more regarding building functions. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the welfare and social policy ideas that characterize Chinese aid in Africa are influencing traditional donors and becoming global. The article utilised a qualitative study that has two main components. First, a comprehensive content analysis of over 50 key Sino-African, Chinese and Western policy documents from 2000 (since cooperation between Beijing and African countries first became institutionalised). Second, there were semi-structured interviews with Chinese, African and Western stakeholders in Addis Ababa, (Ethiopia), who was directly involved in the relationship between China and Africa and related development issues. The result of documentation and interview analyses show that there are currently significant differences between Chinese and Western approaches. China has made much stronger and more explicit links between development aid and economic activity than most Western donors. The aid is usually implemented through specific projects rather than broader programs or policies.