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Non-Governmental Organizations in Prisons : an Abolitionist's Record and Point of View

100%

Wantuła H.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Ekonomiczna w Krakowie

1995

nr nr 454

51-60

Zmiany polityczne w Polsce przyniosły także wiele pozytywnych zmian w sferze penitencjarnej, w sferze wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności. Najważniejsza to względne otwarcie bram więzień, zmniejszenie przepaści między społeczeństwem wolnym a totalną instytucją więzienia. Skazani mogą dzięki tzw. "przepustkom" opuszczać na określony czas zakład karny, ludzie z zewnątrz mogą odwiedzać osoby pozbawione wolności. Prawo wstępu na teren więzienia mają różne organizacje pozarządowe. Tego typu organizacją jest "Patronat" - Stowarzyszenie Readaptacji Społecznej i Pomocy Uwięzionym i ich Rodzinom. Autorka ukazuje działalność "Patronatu" na przykładzie Oddziału Krakowskiego. Członkowie "Patronatu" działają zarówno wewnątrz więzień - w kontakcie z osadzonymi i pracownikami, jak i na zewnątrz - załatwiając sprawy podopiecznych m.in. w sądach, w urzędach administracji państwowej, a także: przedstawiając w różnych środowiskach prawdę o życiu więziennym i o skutkach kary pozbawienia wolności. Autorka prezentuje też problemy i refleksje związane z działalnością Krakowskiego Oddziału "Patronatu". Rozważa m.in. kwestię udziału w tego typu aktywności zwolenników abolicji więzień. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Abolicjonizm więzień - podejście racjonalne i humanistyczne o karze pozbawienia wolności : o jej skutkach i możliwościach jej ograniczania

67%

Wantuła H.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Ekonomiczna w Krakowie. Seria Specjalna, Monografie

1997

nr nr 130

188

W niniejszej pracy zaprezentowano pewne niekonwencjonalne podejście w kwestiach sprawiedliwości i kary - abolicjonizm. Omówiono zaszłe już i zachodzące w tej sferze przemiany zarówno w Polsce, jak i w świecie. Poruszono problem stosunku do ludzi odmiennych pod różnymi względami. (fragment tekstu)

The dissertation is based on the literature, on the observations and experiences of numerous researchers. The author also makes use of her own experience gained from many years' contacts with imprisoned persons: professional work in a prison; studies on the feeling of guilt carried out among prisoners; visits paid to penitentiaries in various West European countries and to persons imprisoned there; social work in a non-governmental organization for persons deprived of liberty, ex-prisoners and their families. The author tries to give reasons for the thesis put in the title. She points to the ineffectiveness of the punishment of imprisonment, to the harmful effect of the prison environment and long, compulsory social isolation. In fact, the punishment of imprisonment does not realize any of the purposes attributed to it: it does not resocialize, does not act as a preventive means, does not realize justice, does not protect society from criminals. Instead, it "produces" people that are more dangerous and more helpless than before the imprisonment. The presentation of abolitionism and the idea of justice based on participation adds to the criticism of the punishment of imprisonment. The paper consists of two parts. Part one is genera! and includes the chapters on dignity, the punishment of imprisonment, abolitionism. Part two deals with the changes which have been done and are being introduced in the penitentiary sphere in Poland. The chapters dealing with the problems of Poland are closely connected, as regards the subject matter, with previous chapters. What has happened in Poland exemplifies in a sense the previously presented ideas, beliefs, and certain regularities. In chapter one the author points to various meanings of the word "dignity"; the most important differentiation is the "personal dignity" and the "dignity of a human being". Attention is focused mainly on the "dignity of a human being". The author discusses detailed directives into which the general principle of respect for the dignity of each man can be rendered. The praxiological sense of that ethical norm is shown; its use brings desirable effects in personal interactions. In chapter two the author carries out an analysis of the prison environment - from the point of view of the possibilities of satisfying the basic human needs, the development of personality, and formation of desirable attitudes. The penalty, in general, its functions and possible effects are also discussed. The author also presents the phenomena and tendencies which have arisen from the criticism of the punishment of imprisonment and the prison institution. The general part of the treatise is closed with the chapter concerned with abolitionism. This approach expresses the intellectual disobedience, insubordination to the predominant ideas and beliefs. It appears consequently logical, at the same time it takes into consideration the most important humanistic values, including dignity, responsibility, and liberty. The minimization of man - inflicted pain, abatement of senseless suffering which destroys and does not build, solution of social conflicts by means of rational and socially effective methods - these are the essential ideas of abolitionists. Abolitionism is a heterogeneous, differentiated approach. As a definite theoretical perspective it focuses on: a) showing negative effects of the functioning of penal law (and especially the punishment of imprisonment), b) giving reasons to the impossibility of attaining, with the present system of punitive justice, the set goals, c) developing a new outlook on the penal law, its tasks and functions. Abolitionism understood as a strategy of penal policy originally was concerned with the traps into which one can fall when trying to reform the existing legal-penal system. Now abolitionism concentrates on alternative means which can replace the criticized institutions of the penal law system. Abolitonism also appears as a definite social movement. It is characterized by a firm moral attitude finding expression mainly in the opposition to the punishment of imprisonment. Chapter IV shows definite changes which occurred in the penitentiary field after the year 1989. It also includes an attempt to evaluate the present events. Chapter V deals with "Patronat" ("Patronage") - a non-governmental organization acting for the sake of imprisoned persons and their families. The functioning of such an organization, the possibility of entering, relatively freely, the premises of penitentiaries are also the signs of new times. This chapter also includes the objectives formulated by a definite department of the "Patronat" as well as information about its activities and the significance of them. The author wonders whether the activities of non-gevernmental organizations. on the premises of prisons can be considered a forward step towards the realization of the abolitionist ideas. Direct contacts with imprisoned persons and ex-prisoners have also made it possible to verify certain criminological hypotheses. Chapter VI is a kind of recapitulation of the author's deliberations. It deals with further changes occurring in Polish legal and social reality (acceptance of mediation as a means of solving some conflicts connected with the committed crime). The use of mediation - the victim and the perpetrator of a crime reach agreement - is one of the basic ideas of abolitionists. Thus, some abolitionist ideas are being realized to a greater and greater degree, in various countries. In "Final Remarks" the author discusses, among other things, the necessity of transferring the centre of gravity from punishing to preventing - both in the sphere of the thought and the action. She points out to the fact that the behaviour subject to punishment is sometimes but an accidental sign of a complex social problem; it cannot be solved in a court-room. She also asks about the joint responsibility of individual persons for the evil that is spreading. She wants to encourage people to ponder over the problem: what can be done? What can individual persons, organizations, institutions do to halt the alarming spread of terrifying acts of violence and brutality? The author also formulates definite tasks as regards the broadly understood prevention of delinquency. She stresses the fact that the most important task, in each sphere of social life, is to make people sensitive to the presence of others and to their needs. (original abstract)