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ADSORPTION OF BASIC YELLOW 28 (BY 28) AND ACID YELLOW 23 (AY 23) DYES ONTO CHITIN

100%

Filipkowska U. , Kuczajowska-Zadrożna M. , Jóźwiak T. , Szymczyk P. , Kaczyński A.

tom 20

34-42

The present study investigated the sorption of Basic Yellow 28 (BY 28) and Acid Yellow 23 (AY 23) by chitin flakes. The study determined the influence of pH value on adsorption effectiveness and the adsorption capacity of chitin flakes. The results were described with Freundlich, Langmuir, Sips and double Langmuir isotherms. Similar values of adsorption capacities were achieved for both tested dyes using Langmuir, Sips and Langmuir2 models, i.e. 16.804, 17.740 and 18687 mg/g d.m. for BY28 as well as 24.195, 27.930 and 24.196 mg/g d.m. for AY23, respectively. The isotherms were compared with the use of average relative error (ARE) of approximation. In the case of both dyes, the best fit to experimental data was achieved with the use of tri-parametric Sips equilibrium isotherm, which was indicated by ARE values of 3.10% (BY 28) and 5.26% (AY 23).

A new algebraic LQR weight selection algorithm for tracking control of 2 DoF torsion system

86%

Elumalai V. K. , Subramanian R. G.

tom Vol. 66, nr 1

55--75

This paper proposes a novel linear quadratic regulator (LQR) weight selection algorithm by synthesizing the algebraic Riccati equation (ARE) with the Lagrange multiplier method for command following applications of a 2 degree of freedom (DoF) torsion system. The optimal performance of LQR greatly depends on the elements of weighting matrices Q and R. However, normally these weighting matrices are chosen by a trial and error approach which is not only time consuming but cumbersome. Hence, to address this issue, blending the design criteria in time domain with the ARE, we put forward an algebraic weight selection algorithm, which makes the LQR design both simple and modular. Moreover, to estimate the velocity of a servo angle, a high gain observer (HGO) is designed and integrated with the LQR control scheme. The efficacy of the proposed control scheme is tested on a benchmark 2 DoF torsion system for a trajectory tracking application. Both the steady state and dynamic characteristics of the proposed controller are assessed. The experimental results accentuate that the proposed HGO based LQR scheme can guarantee the system to attain the design requirements with minimal vibrations and tracking errors.

Optymalizacja obserwatora momentu obciążenia przy kwadratowym wskaźniku jakości

81%

Orzechowski T. , Sieklucki G. , Tondos M. , Sykulski R.

tom R. 84, nr 7

29-35

Przedstawiono dyskretyzację problemu LQ. Omówiono zagadnienie obserwacji momentu obciążenia. Wykorzystano dualizm do przekształcenia zadania obserwacji do zadania sterowania. Zaproponowano strukturę obserwatora uniezależnioną od rodzaju silnika. Zamieszczono badania symulacyjne obserwatora przy różnych macierzach wag wskaźnika jakości. Przedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych na stanowisku z 18kW silnikiem obcowzbudnym.

LQ problem discretization is presented. The problem of load torque observation is discussed. Transformation form observation task to control task based on duality. Type motor independent observer structure is proposed. Simulation research for different matrices of performance index are inserted. Experimental results from laboratory position with 18kW separately excited motor are presented.

Budowa, własności, wytwarzanie i zastosowanie nanomateriałów

41%

Pałka J.

tom R. 52, nr 1

23-32

Przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia dotyczące nanotechnologii i nanomateriałów. Omówiono pojęcia wchodzące w skład nanonauki. Opisano budowę, właściwości, metody wytwarzania oraz przykłady zastosowania i metody badań nanomateriałów.

Selected topics related to nanotechnology and nanomaterials have been presented. The concept of nanoscience was discussed. The structure, chemical properties, methods of production and examples of practical apllication and research methods were discribed.