Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

COPING WITH DEMANDING LIFE SITUATIONS IN RELATION TO ANXIETY AND SELF-MASTERY

100%

Ruiselova Z. , Prokopcakova A.

Studia Psychologica

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2005

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tom 47

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nr 3

213-220

EN

An analysis is made of the differentiated action of the characteristics anxiety and 'self-mastery' in various demanding life situations and coping with them (a sample of 102 undergraduates, mean age 20.7 years). The discussion also bears on the relation between the more general (SOC) and the more specific (SPNS) methods of determining coping.

2

Whole-body cryotherapy as adjunct treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders

100%

Rymaszewska J. , Ramsey D. , Chladzinska-Kiejna S.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 1

63-68

EN

Introduction: Rheumatism has been treated using whole-body cryotherapy (WBCT) since the 1970s. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of WBCT as an experimental, adjunctive method of treating depressive and anxiety disorders. Materials and Methods: A control (n=34) and a study group (n=26), both consisting of outpatients 18?65 years old with depressive and anxiety disorders (ICD-10), received standard psychopharmacotherapy. The study group was additionally treated with a series of 15 daily visits to a cryogenic chamber (2?3 min, from ?160?C to ?110?C). The Hamilton's depression rating scale (HDRS) and Hamilton's anxiety rating scale (HARS) were used as the outcome measures. Results: After three weeks, a decrease of at least 50% from the baseline HDRS-17 scores in 34.6% of the study group and 2.9% of the control group and a decrease of at least 50% from the baseline HARS score in 46.2% of the study group and in none of the control group were noted. Conclusion: These findings, despite such limitations as a small sample size, suggest a possible role for WBCT as a short-term adjuvant treatment for mood and anxiety disorders.

3

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERPERSONAL PROBLEM SOLVING, POSITIVE - NEGATIVE AFFECT AND ANXIE

100%

Bedel A.

Studia Psychologica

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2015

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tom 57

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nr 2

121 – 133

EN

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of interpersonal problem solving, positive-negative affect and anxiety. To this end, 336 high school students completed Interpersonal Problem Solving Inventory (Çam & Tümkaya, 2008), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Gençöz, 2000), and Trait Anxiety Inventory (Öner, 1977). The statistical analysis of the study included Pearson Moments Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results indicated that inter-correlations among negative orientation to the problem, negative affect, anxiety, and inter-correlations among constructive problem solving, insistent-persevering orientation and positive affect were all significant. The results of Multiple Regression Analysis indicated that within negative affect and anxiety, negative orientation to the problem was the most powerful predictor. In light of these findings, suggestions for planned interventions to improve interpersonal problem-solving skills of students in individual and group guidance activities are emphasized and ideas for future research are discussed.

4

LIFE SATISFACTION AND AFFECTIVITY (A RESEARCH PROBE)

100%

Potasova A. , Prokopcakova A.

Studia Psychologica

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2003

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tom 45

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nr 3

203-209

EN

A sample of 99 subjects from three age groups took part in a research probe intended to clarify the relationships between life satisfaction, accommodation flexibility and negative affectivity (anxiety). Although a comparison according to age failed to make it evident, a selection of Ss according to whether they are extremely satisfied or extremely dissatisfied with life showed that those satisfied achieve significantly higher scores in accommodation flexibility and statistically lower scores in anxiety measures than Ss extremely dissatisfied with life.

5

CHOICE OF COPING STRATEGIES IN THE INTERACTION: ANXIETY AND TYPE OF A DEMANDING LIFE SITUATION (A RESEARCH PROBE)

100%

Prokopcakova A.

Studia Psychologica

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2004

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tom 46

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nr 3

235-238

EN

This is a probe into the mutual interaction of anxiety, coping strategy and type of situation. Spielberger's STPI questionnaire measuring trait anxiety and the Frankovský-Baumgartner inventory of the Strategy of Procedure in Demanding Situations were administered to a sample of 48 students. The results imply that anxiety does not affect the choice of coping strategies to the same degree in all types of situations. In situations relating to employment, anxiety rather supports avoidance behavior, while in those concerned with moral an interpersonal issues it tends to seek support.

6

Behavioral and neurochemical alterations evoked by p-Chlorophenylalanine application in rats examined in the light-dark crossing test

88%

Koprowska M. , Krotewicz M. , Romaniuk A. , Strzelczuk M. , Wieczorek M.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1999

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tom 59

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nr 1

15-22

EN

The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of serotonin synthesis inhibition with p-Chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) in rats on (1) anxiety behavior examined in the light-dark crossing test and, (2) regional brain concentration of monoamines (NA, DA and 5-HT) and their metabolites (MHPG, DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA) as well as GABA in the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, midbrain central gray matter and the frontal cortex. Treatment of animals with p-CPA produced a significant increase in time out from the illuminated part of the chamber and in time of locomotor activity in the illuminated part of the chamber. HPLC analysis showed a significant reduction of 5-HT and 5-HIAA concentration in all examined brain regions with the exception of the frontal cortex. Additionally, a significant decrease in DA and its metabolites, DOPAC and HVA occurred in the hypothalamus and amygdala. Moreover, we observed a significant decrease in frontal cortex NA concentration after p-CPA administration. The results of our study suggest that administration of p-CPA is effective in reduction of anxiety through depletion of 5-HT accompanied by diminution of catecholamines, especially DA and its metabolites in the main emotional brain regions.

7

COPING STYLE AND ANXIETY IN RELATION TO THE IMPLICIT THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE

88%

Ruiselova Z. , Prokopcakova A.

Studia Psychologica

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2005

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tom 47

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nr 4

301-307

EN

Studied effect of the implicit theory (in terms of C. Dweck's entity theory and incremental theory) on the way and characteristics of coping in demanding situation in students. Effective coping is represented by coherence (SOC - Sense of Coherence, Antonovsky) and followed were also the characteristics of self-mastery and anxiety. Gender-induced differences in preference of implicit theories were not confirmed. A more effective coping (a higher level of SOC) were found in subjects preferring incremental theory, as also a higher anxiety level, particularly in women with preference for the entity theory of intelligence.

8

COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING AND PROACTIVE COPING

88%

Ruiselova Z. , Prokopcakova A.

Studia Psychologica

|

2010

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tom 52

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nr 4

291-299

EN

This study focuses on selected characteristics of counterfactual thinking related to effectiveness of coping (represented by sense of coherence SOC and self-efficacy GSES) and proactive coping. The authors focus on anxiety among personality characteristics related to the proactive coping and counterfactual thinking. The results show a higher level of proactive and preventive coping, as well as higher SOC and GSES, related to positive opinion of the helpfulness of counterfactual thinking in solving possible future problems and to lower anxiety.

9

Personality and Cognitive Performance

88%

Fajkowska M. , Eysenck M. W.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2008

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tom 39

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nr 4

178-191

EN

The two experiments reported here are concerned with the influence of trait anxiety and other individual differences on cognitive performance using the face-in-the-crowd procedure. Participants completed questionnaires (EPQ-R; STAI; Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale) and across two experiments searched for discrepant faces in matrices of otherwise identical faces (in Experiment 1: threatening, happy, neutral targets against emotional or neutral backgrounds, and in Experiment 2: threatening, happy, sad and scheming targets against neutral distractors). The key findings from this study indicated that anxiety enhanced processing efficiency of positive emotional material when interacts with high psychoticism. Additionally, the vigilance for threatening and neutral faces was a characteristic of sanguine individuals with repressive coping while inefficient processing of threatening and neutral stimuli of non-defensive melancholic subjects. These results are discussed with reference to attentional control theory (Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, & Calvo, 2007).

10

COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING AS RELATED TO ANXIETY AND SELF-ESTEEM

88%

Prokopcakova A. , Ruiselova Z.

Studia Psychologica

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2008

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tom 50

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nr 4

429-435

EN

The research study deals with the occurrence and characteristics of counterfactual thinking (CT) in a sample of 456 nurses, and relationships between this type of thinking and personality - of its characteristics, those studied were anxiety, self-esteem, rumination, reflection, curiosity, aggressiveness and depressiveness. Results showed a higher CT occurrence and higher rumination and reflection level related to higher anxiety, the relation between CT frequency and level of self-esteem was not significant. CT as a help to possible future problem solving (representing the adaptive function of CT) is mentioned by up to 77.26% of nurses. This contribution (help) is related to a higher level of curiosity and reflection and a lower level of anxiety.

11

IRRATIONALITY AND MANIFESTATIONS OF FEAR AND ANXIETY IN A SAMPLE OF SLOVAK ADOLESCENTS

88%

Kordacova J.

Studia Psychologica

|

2003

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tom 45

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nr 4

345-355

EN

The present study had for aim to assess how far the measure of irrational beliefs corresponds with selected types of fear and anxiety in a sample of secondary school students (N = 115). Two original Slovak scales were used: The Scale of Classical Fears and Stage Fright, Social situational fears (KSAT) and the Scale of Irrational Beliefs (IPA). The highest number of significant relations between irrationality and anxiety was noted with the factor of irrational idealization and anxiety. Idealization positively corresponded with the total KSAT scores as also with all the forms of fear. Perfectionism was related to the overall level of anxiety, and specifically to stage fright with which also corresponded irrationally-tinged negative expectations and the overall measure of irrationality. The latter was also related to experiencing of fear in social situations. The results vary in dependence on subjects' gender and are discussed also within the conceptual framework of the rational-emotive behavioral theory (REBT).

12

EVALUATION OF ANXIETY AMONG MEDICAL AND ENGINEERING STUDENTS BY FACTOR ANALYSIS

88%

Ercan I. , Irgil D. , Ozen N. , Kan I.

Studia Psychologica

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2008

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tom 50

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nr 3

267-275

EN

Anxiety is an inevitable part of life in contemporary society. Anxiety corrupts a person's ability to think, perceive and learn. A person suffering from anxiety usually experiences difficulties in concentrating, remembering the learned material and establishing what the necessary relations among events or people are. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the main anxiety items of the students of two faculties. Factor analysis was performed to form groups of unrelated items by gathering related items in the scale and to the rank factors affecting anxiety by their importance. In accordance with the data obtained from the studies on the anxiety of engineering and medical students, factor analyses gave the following results for state anxiety: in engineering students there were units accumulated in 5 factors, in medical students there were units accumulated in 4 factors, and for trait anxiety they were in 6 factors for both. Our studies show that even if the STAI results are similar, factor analyses should be carried out and the solutions should be sought in accordance with the results. During education in the universities, causes of (state - trait) anxiety should be investigated and curriculums should be changed in order to lessen anxiety, psychological and social support units should be established and students should be prepared for the future.

13

TEST ANXIETY, ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AND COPING BEHAVIOUR AMONG CANDIDATES ASPIRING FOR THE CIVIL SERVICE

88%

Sud A. , Monga D.

Studia Psychologica

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2009

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tom 51

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nr 2-3

207-213

EN

A total of 100 candidates (equal number of males and females) aspiring for civil services were selected. The result of correlation analysis revealed that test anxiety, worry and emotionality are positively related to self-distraction and behaviour disengagement aspects of problem-focused coping as well as denial, religion, and self-blame aspects of emotion-focused coping. The test anxiety and worry are significantly related to venting, and emotionality alone is positively and significantly related to the use of emotional support aspect of emotion-focused coping and the use of instrumental support aspect of problem-focused coping. Achievement motivation has been found to be significantly and negatively related only to the humor aspect of emotion-focused coping. Relevant discussion has been presented.

14

Expression of c-fos in response to stressogenic stimuli in the amygdala of old vs. young rats ? a preliminary study

88%

Boguszewski P. , Zagrodzka J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2005

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tom 65

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nr 2

191-194

EN

During aging many of the brain functions became deteriorated or altered. One of the most important age related changes is an increase of anxiety level, reported both in humans and in animals. Our study was intended to compare c-fos gene expression in amygdala, the key structure in anxiety/fear regulation, in old (24 months old) and young (4 months old) rats exposed to various behavioral stimulations. There were no differences between age groups in basal c-Fos expression. After social encounter c-Fos expression level in amygdala increased significantly, but still remained independent on age. Significant differences between both groups appeared after open field test and immobilization test. Contrary to the findings on young adults indicating the correlations between increased anxiety level and higher c-Fos expression, old rats showed increased anxiety together with significantly lower c-Fos expression.

15

Poziom lęku i nadziei na sukces a style radzenia sobie ze stresem u maturzystów

88%

Gołuch D.

Studia Psychologica

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2011

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nr 11/1

33-50

EN

The aim of the study is to examine the difference in the change of anxiety level and of success hope in 6 months prior to leaving exam between groups with different styles of coping with stress. It is assumed that during this period the level anxiety and hope will change depending on the preferred style of coping. In order to verify the hypotheses a group of 144 high school graduates was tested. The first survey took place 6 months and the other 14 days before final exams. The following tests were used: CISS, STAI, KNS. The results of this study indicate that the overall level of anxiety has increased in the research group and this increase was greatest in the emotions-focused group. However, the level of success hope significantly decreased in the group favoring task-oriented style. There were no significant changes observed in the level of success hope in the remaining groups.

16

PERSONAL NEED FOR STRUCTURE, ANXIETY, SELFEFFICACY AND OPTIMISM

75%

Prokopčáková A.

Studia Psychologica

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2015

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tom 57

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nr 2

147 – 162

EN

The aim of the study is to contribute to the explanation of mutual relations between personal need for structure, anxiety, optimism and self-efficacy. The research sample comprised 237 university students (men n = 48 and women n = 189). The following instruments were administered: Personal Need for Structure (PNS), Spielberger’s Trait Personality Inventory (STPI), Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Life Orientation Test - Revised (LOT-R). Significant differences between men and women in their PNS score and its sub-factors – desire for structure and response to the lack of structure – were found. Women showed stronger need for structure and its sub-factors. Personal need for structure and the response to the lack of structure in women was positively correlated with anxiety. The sub-factor desire for structure did not show any relations with the studied characteristics. The results showed a negative relation of personal need for structure with optimism in women and no differences were found in the need for structure and its sub-factors in relation to the degree of self-efficacy.

17

THE CHARACTER OF NASTASYA FILIPPOVNA BARASHKOVA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF KIERKEGAARD'S PHILOSOPHY

75%

Burzynska M.

|

2007

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tom 56

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nr 4

477-497

EN

The aim of the text is to analyse the character of Nastasya Filippovna (from Dostoevsky's novel 'The Idiot') and to explain her paradox through the notions of anxiety and despair taken from the philosophy of Soren Kierkegaard. The psychological, theological, and philosophical descriptions in 'The Concept of Anxiety' (concerning anxiety) and 'Sickness unto Death' (concerning despair) are referred to moments from the heroine's life, to her and other characters' expressions, and to the theses and interpretations concerning Nastasya's character expressed by researchers of Dostoevsky's works. Kierkegaard's and Dostoevsky's understanding of a man was strongly influenced by the perspective of Christian faith, itself paradoxical and incomprehensible. From the point of view of the Danish philosopher, Barashkova's absurd deeds may be understood (and explained) as resulting from her anxiety about her own 'original sin', which she had not committed, but whose commitment she, misled by her own innocence, took for granted and started to make desperate attempts to ensure herself that she had already been lost for the rest of eternity. For this reason, she ran away from Prince Lev Myshkin many times, although until the very end he kept offering her his help and an opportunity to lead a respectable life. Deeds of Nastasya Filippovna can be understood as an evidence for her despair, which, described by Kierkegaard as 'sickness unto death', is the other phenomenon leading to eternal loss. For the Danish philosopher, despair is the greatest sin itself, as it is the reverse of faith: lack of it. A man who did not lose his faith believes that God can forgive any sin, since for the Lord nothing is impossible. Nastasya lacks this faith and therefore, from Kierkegaard's point of view, she seems to be eternally lost. However, some researchers of Dostoevsky's works (as e.g. Elzbieta Mikiciuk) claim, that the symbolic presence of the suffering Christ in Nastasya's life to its very end in Rogozhin's house (cf. Holbein's painting of 'Christ in the Grave', considering the meaning of the woman's name: Anastasis – 'resurection', and 'barashek' - ‘Lamb') is the manifestation of the Christian hope for the unhappy woman, as her suffering was much deeper and stronger than her sins. Therefore the described heroine of Dostoevsky's novel seems to be the evidence for the paradoxical role of anxiety, despair and suffering in the existence perceived from the Christian point of view.

18

Co ujawniają nastroje? Heidegger o zdziwieniu i trwodze

75%

Łojek S.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2015

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tom 43

|

nr 3

37-52

EN

In this paper I analyse the revelatory power of fundamental moods as it is presented in Heidegger’s texts. I concentrate on two of them, wonder and anxiety, which are probably the most important for Heidegger. He argues that being affected by these moods can give us access to specific knowledge about beings. By comparing this kind of knowledge with that of metaphysics, science and everyday life, I try to bring to light its specificity. Generally speaking, moods make it possible to us experience things as they really are, see what they are in their truth. Heidegger maintains that this experience and this understanding not only tell us something important about the nature of beings and our way of knowing them, but can also have a great impact on all aspects of our life.

19

THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY, COGNITIVE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM: A TWIN STUDY IN POLISH SAMPLE

75%

Jakubowska U. , Oniszczenko W.

Studia Psychologica

|

2010

|

tom 52

|

nr 3

253-263

EN

This study has sought to identify the determinants of religious fundamentalism. The following hypothetical determinants were tested: genetic influence, environmental influence, and such psychological variables as anxiety and assumptions about the nature of the social world. It was assumed that trait anxiety and assumptions about the social world are mediators of religious fundamentalism. The study was run on 112 participants (29 women and 83 men) aged from 18 to 28 years; the sample consisted of 19 monozygotic and 37 dizygotic pairs of twins reared together. The results of structural equation modelling showed that religious fundamentalism is mainly determined by environmental influences (38% heritable) whereas trait anxiety and assumptions about the nature of the social world are largely genetically determined (60% heritable). Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between trait anxiety and negative social world view but, contrary to the hypothesis, the results of multiple regression analysis suggest that trait anxiety is the only predictor of religious fundamentalism.

20

Cognitive-affective correlates of meaningfulnessin life in chronic somatic disease

75%

Galuszka A.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2006

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tom 37

|

nr 2

111-119

EN

The main aim of the longitudinal study was to investigate the effect of both the cognitive sphere (i.e. self-appraisal of health) and affective state (i.e. anxiety and hope) on meaning in life as perceived by chronically ill patients. The rationale of the study was the theory of meaningfulness of suffering by V. E. Frankl. Participants were 181 patients with either arterial hypertension or neoplasms with bad prognosis, examined thrice: up to 10 days since the diagnosis (stage I), about 5 weeks from the diagnosis (stage II) and at a follow-up about 5 months since stage II (stage III). Multiple regression analysis revealed a statistically significant effect of both the cognitive and affective sphere on the patients' spirituality, irrespective of the type of illness and stage of the study.