Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross, also known as Edith Stein (1891-1942), was a German philosopher of Jewish descent and a Discalced Carmelite. Regarded as a martyr, she was canonized by the Catholic Church. The article is devoted to the interest of Polish researchers and of the Polish press in Edith Stein during the past six decades. Her life and philosophical thought became a subject of analysis soon after her death. Edith Stein had already been mentioned in Catholic press during the Stalin Era in the early 50s. In the 60s the number of articles about her doubled. The most indepth comment and the first translation of Stein's work appeared in 1968 in spite of the anti-Semitic campaign in Poland. In the 70s the number of publications doubled once again. Some of her major works were translated into Polish and the first biography of Edith Stein was written. In the 80s over 100 publications came out, and in the 90s - another 250. Although many of works written by Edith Stein were translated into Polish, there is still much work to be done - in my opinion in the first place An Investigation Concerning the State should be published in Polish.
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The article critically analyses approaches that Slovak sociologists have been using in their analysis of the antisemitism in Slovakia after 1989. It describes quantitative methods used by Slovak sociologists and suggests a need of a complex approach to the research of the antisemitism. Author argues that modern antisemitism is de-judaized, while the Slovak researchers focus more on a research of the prejudices and the stereotypes toward the Jews. The research of the antisemitism in Slovakia is fully dominated by a Bogarduss scale of a social distance while the different relevant research methods are not used by the Slovak experts. Moreover, in the process of the interpretations of the public opinion surveys experts do not take into account the so-called escaping answers of the respondents and the attempts to run away from the answering sensitive questions. The socio-psychological research, reflecting authoritarian personality, anomy, alienation and the ontological insecurity of the common people as the sources of the antisemitism, is rather rare in Slovakia. Consequently, the quantitative research of the antisemitism in Slovakia can be evaluated as insufficient. De-judaized perspective of the antisemitism and even of Jews themselves in a Sartre's sense is remaining one of the greatest challenges for the sociologists researching antisemitism in Slovakia.
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The title and conceptualization of this text were inspired by the important book by Victor Klemperer “Before 33/after 45” (1956). The author tries to argue that the poet who lived and wrote before 1933 (Rainer Maria Rilke died in December 1926), would not be so widely read and interpreted today had he lived and written in the period of the Third Reich. The author uses Rilke´s letters, memoirs, works and the other documents in this article as a figure of a clairvoyance in the same sense in which it was understood by the Polish poet Cyprian Kamil Norwid (1821-1883): “A clairvoyance has two sources: either wisdom, or désinteressement.” This clairvoyance becomes obvious when we compare – as Giorgio Agamben has done – fragments from Rilke´s novel Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge (1910, that is, before World War I) with the figure of the concentration camp “musulman” (which appears in Primo Levi´s books). The comparison has to do with the encounter of the bare face with reality and the relevant consequences that arise from this encounter. However, we find any clairvoyance neither in Rilke´s correspondence, nor in the memories of his friends, who often describe the poet´s ambivalent behaviour. Also, the author found it important to point out German and Polish reception of Rilke between 1933 and 1945. Her findings confirm the hypothesis about Rilke´s ambivalent attitude toward Jews and anti-Semitism.
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