The article presents the course of the first trial against the leaders of the Confederation of Independent Poland – the first anti-communist political party in the People's Republic of Poland, established in 1979. The trial of Leszek Moczulski, Tadeusz Stanski, Tadeusz Jandziszak and Romuald Szeremietiew, who had been arrested in the autumn of 1980, began on 15th June 1981 and lasted, with intervals, until the introduction of the martial law in the same year. The sentence was announced only in October 1982. The defendants were sentenced to a few years’ imprisonment.
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The article concerns the conspiracy of students of Cracovian secondary schools during the martial law. The author stresses the fact that the main manifestations of the youth’s activity after the 13th December 1981 were the printing and distribution of anti-communist papers and leaflets and participation in demonstrations which often culminated with street fights between the students and the disciplinary forces in Cracow-Nowa Huta.
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Tygodnik Mazowsze, an illegal periodical of the opposition concentrated around the then-banned “Solidarity” trade union, was one of the most important opinion-forming magazines during the martial law and the years that followed (1982-1989). It was available throughout Poland. Its circulation would reach even few thousand copies. The weekly served as a platform for discussion and polemics on the most important issues for the opposition at the time: the organizational model, the role of the Catholic Church, the attitude towards the communist government. It was also a forum where many different concepts of what the activities of the banned “Solidarity” trade union should look like clashed.
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