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Biotechnology ? a chance for using allelopathy as alternative weed management strategy

100%

Gniazdowska A.

2007

nr 2

42-53

Plants (crops and weeds) affect each other through allelochemicals, which may be released from living and dead organisms. Due to an increase in the number of herbicide ?resistant weeds and herbicides' negative effect on the environment, there is an effort being made to design alternative weed management strategies. Allelopathic studies offer a challenge a for a discovery of new compounds with new target side that may be able to control weeds. Crops producing allelochemicals can interfere with competing weeds sufficiently enough to allow significant reductions in the use of other weed management options, including synthetic herbicides. Some attempts enhancing the allelopathic potential of crops (rice, sorghum, barley and wheat) to control weeds are presented.

Allelochemistry of carrot (Daucus carota L.)

100%

Lipok J.

Biotechnologia

2000

nr 3

100-105

Any different strategies used by higher plants to win the life competition, always involve chemical interactions between organisms. Allelochemicals are standard chemical weapons not only in the case of toxic plants; they are also present in common vegetables such as carrot. Numerous chemical compounds synthesised in carrot tissues, such as asarones, chlorogenic acid, trans-2-nonenal, and sesquiterpenes show allelopatic activity. Asarones are synthesised in carrot leaves and stems in varying quantity during the growth season. There are known examples of nemathocidal and herbicidal activity of these compounds. These phenylpropanoids also have a moderate influence on the insects behaviour. The results of in vitro studies showed fungicidal activity of asarones against several species of phytopathogenic fungi. Chlorogenic acid and trans-2-nonenal isolated from carrot roots show insecticidal activity against carrot fly (Psila rosae Fabr.) larvae. Carrot seed oil and its main sesquiterpen components as carotol, caryophyllen and caryophyllen oxide, exhibited herbicidal or fungicidal activity.