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4 Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

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REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION IN OWN LABOUR COSTS IN VARIOUS TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS (Regionalne zróznicowanie oplaty pracy wlasnej w róznych typach gospodarstw rolnych)

100%

Sadowski A.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

2010

nr 2(323)

75-88

The work presents the result of research on the farmers' own labour costs in the agricultural holdings selected according to their economic size or geographic location. The analysis was based on the FADN standard results, minimum subsistence figure and minimum standard of living. The research results have shown sharp differentiation of the possibilities to cover own labour costs on the agricultural holdings of different economic size. The minimum standard of living was found in the agricultural holdings falling under at least 'medium small' size class, and the minimum subsistence figure was reached by at least 'medium large' farms. Without subsidized operations, mainly EU direct payments, the minimum standard of living would be reached by the farms considered at least 'medium large'. This proves that production factors engaged by agricultural holdings falling under lower economic size class and those beyond the scope of FADN observations are used ineffectively and do not provide support to farm family. Additionally, large regional differences were demonstrated as for the dependence of own work costs on the EU Common Agricultural Policy instruments, particularly direct payments. Agricultural holdings in Malopolska and Pogórze macroregions are the least dependent on the EU support, while those in Pomorze and Mazury macroregions are the most dependent.

Zastosowanie teorii portfela i modelu wyceny aktywow kapitalowych do oceny ryzyka w gospodarstwach rolnych

100%

Sulewski P.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

2012

nr 4(333)

15-35

In the paper, an attempt to application, known from finance literature The Portfolio Theory and based on it mathematical models has been undertaken. Using Sharp’s single-factor model the beta coefficients for specified crops were calculated. The beta coefficients describe the volatility of a crop in relation to the volatility of the other crops and indicate the possibilities of using production diversification as a strategy of risk management in farms. In the second part of the paper, the Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM) was used to estimate the value of expected gross margins, which can to guarantee a positive return from risk cost. The results of CAPM indicates, that in Poland the most popular cereals are underestimated in the terms of risk cost. The diversification of plant production can reduce the total production risk only in a limited range.

PRODUCTION DIVESTMENTS IN COMMERCIAL FARMS - AN ATTEMPT AT IDENTIFYING THE SCALE OF THE PHENOMENON (Dywestycje produkcyjne w gospodarstwach towarowych - próba identyfikacji skali zjawiska)

100%

Wojewodzic T. , Mikolajczyk J.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

2011

nr 4(329)

76-87

This study raises the issue of divestments in agricultural holdings, which is now becoming topical. The processes of limiting or abandoning certain agricultural activities constitute an intrinsic element in evolution in agricultural holdings. However, in such turbulent circumstances, the dynamics of this phenomenon is gaining speed, which may reflect a decline in or the development of economic entities. This study attempts to estimate the scale and structure of production divestments in individual commercial farms. The theoretic considerations are supplemented with analysis results, taking into account the production type of the holding. The most numerous group out of the 6881 holdings surveyed was formed by the holdings which had abandoned potato production (1086 entities) and pig breeding (1177 entities). Most of the observed instances of retreating from agricultural activity should be viewed as measures to streamline the organisation of the holding: the production concentration (re-concentration), resulting from a specialisation and/or simplification in the activities conducted.

MODEL FOR ESTIMATING TOTAL COSTS OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS' ACTIVITY (Model szacowania pelnych kosztow dzialanosci gospodarstw rolnych)

88%

Goraj L. , Mańko S.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

2011

nr 3(328)

28-58

The paper presents a method for estimating the costs of own factors of production on the example of selected holdings keeping their accounts within the framework of the Polish FADN. The starting point for developing the method was provided by the solution applied by the employees of the European Commission. The main assumption underlying these solutions is that the costs of own factors of production are estimated on the basis of the costs incurred by farmers when engaging third-party factors of production (the costs of external factors). The introduction of modifications was preceded by a statistical analysis of factors causing differences in employee remunerations and rents for leased land. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that the cost of unpaid work performed by a farmer's family members should be estimated on the basis of the average remuneration per one AWU in agricultural holdings in a given FADN region and a given economic size class (ES6), the cost of own land - on the basis of the average rent for leased land paid by holdings leasing additional agricultural land in a given FADN region and a given economic class size (ES6), and the cost of a holding's assets - as the value of interests that could be obtained by investing the sum equivalent to the farmer's own capital in long-term security papers. The calculation proposed can also be used for determining two categories of economic surpluses: profit from the agricultural holding and profit of the entrepreneur.