Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Genetic diversity of Melica transsilvanica Schur [Poaceae] at its northern range limit

100%

Szczepaniak M. , Cieslak E.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2009

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tom 51

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nr 1

71-82

EN

Geographically marginal populations are expected to have low genetic variability, which potentially can affect their viability. In Poland Melica transsilvanica Schur reaches the northern limit of its continuous geographical range. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure were analyzed in 15 of its marginal and more central populations using AFLPs. Overall, genetic diversity parameters did not differ significantly, and comparable patterns of genetic variation were found in central and marginal populations. All AFLP phenotypes were unique to particular populations. Unique alleles were fixed in some central and some marginal populations. The percentage of polymorphic loci varied from 1.30 to 5.19 (3.24 average) in central populations and from 0.43 to 5.63 (2.36 average) in marginal ones. Hierarchical analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) for each species/region combination revealed highly significant differentiation between populations and showed similar partitioning of molecular variance in marginal and central populations of M. transsilvanica (diversity between populations: 93.24% and 93.18%, p < 0.001, respectively). The scattered distribution of suitable species habitats and the predominant selfing breeding system of the species strengthen the effect of selection pressure on fixation of unique loci in individual populations. Marginal populations of M. transsilvanica with unique alleles considerably expand the genetic variation of the species and are therefore valuable for conservation of genetic diversity.

2

Application of the AFLP method for identification of oats species

100%

Nowosielski J. , Nowosielska D. , Podyma W.

Seria Biologiczna. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

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2005

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tom 72

3

The hybrid origin of Calamagrostis x gracilescens [Poaceae] in Poland inferred from morphology and AFLP data

84%

Paszko B. , Nobis M.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2010

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tom 79

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nr 1

51-61

EN

The morphology of Calamagrostis canescens and C. stricta recorded in the Małopolska Upland (the vicinity of Zbijów Mały, ca. 10 km northeast of the town of Skarżysko-Kamienna, Central Poland) was examined due to intermediate individuals found in sympatric populations of these species. Both putative parents as well as individuals that appeared hybrid-like were found in an extensive, wet hay-meadow. Various vegetative and reproductive characteristics were studied to identify hybrids. Interestingly, Polish accessions of C. ×gracilescens exhibited some degree of morphological intermediacy but resembled C. stricta in spikelet morphology. Branching of the mid-culm, the number of nodes per culm, callus hair length and relative callus hair length are the best characters to distinguish the Polish C. ×gracilescens. AFLP analysis proved to be suitable for detecting recent hybridization events between C. canescens and C. stricta. Analysis of the Bayesian clustering analysis showed that C. ×gracilescens were subjected to gene flow from the C. canescens gene pool as well as from the C. stricta gene pool.

4

Genetic diversity of populations of Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P. Beauv.: expansive grass in a fragmented landscape

84%

Baba W. , Kurowska M. , Kompala-Baba A. , Wilczek A. , Dlugosz J. , Szarejko I.

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tom 60

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nr 1

EN

Brachypodium pinnatum belongs to native grasses which could dramatically decrease the biodiversity of calcareous grasslands, therefore, an examination of the mechanisms of its expansion is of prime importance for their conservation. We studied the genetic structure of 12 subpopulations of the expansive grass B. pinnatum in a heterogeneous landscape with AFLP markers, aiming at determination whether spatial isolation influences the genetic diversity and the population genetic structure of this species. A high level of overall (79%) and within population polymorphic loci (38–44%) were found and 220 different genotypes were distinguished among the 252 samples analysed. No significant population structure nor isolation-bydistance were found, despite their long-time fragmentation history. This confirms that isolation of calcareous grasslands in a landscape cannot prevent the expansion of B. pinnatum grasses because of the high generative dispersal ability. Subsequent quick and extensive clonal growth of this species enables the successful establishment. In most cases mowing or grazing is sufficient to keep this species at a low density within ancient grasslands and to prevent seed and pollen dispersal, but not for restoration of species-rich calcareous grasslands.

5

AFLP analysis reveals infraspecific phylogenetic relationships and population genetic structure of two species of Aconitum in Central Europe

84%

Mitka J. , Boron P. , Wroblewska A. , Baba W.

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nr 2

EN

The genetic diversity of two Aconitum species endemic to the Carpathian Mountains and Sudetes was studied. A reticulate evolution between them was earlier postulated as an effect of secondary contact. The genetic diversity at the individual and taxonomic levels was examined across the entire geographical ranges of the taxa in 11 populations based on 247 AFLP markers found in 112 individuals in the Sudetes and Western Carpathians. The overall genetic differentiation was greater within the Sudetic A. plicatum (Fst = 0.139, P < 0.001) than within the Carpathian A. firmum (Fst = 0.062, P < 0.001), presumably due to the long-lasting geographic isolation between the Giant Mts and Praděd (Sudetes) populations of the species. Interestingly, relatively distant and presently isolated populations of A. plicatum and A. f. subsp. maninense share a part of their genomes. It could be an effect of their common evolutionary history, including past and present reticulations. The introgression among infraspecific taxa of Aconitum is common, probably as a result of seed dispersal within a distance of ca. 20 km (Mantel's r = 0.36, P = 0.01). Aconitum f. subsp. maninense had the highest genetic diversity indices: Nei's h and rarefied FAr, and divergence index DW (P < 0.05), pointing to its presumably ancient age and long-term isolation.

6

AFLP-profiling of long-term stored and regenerated rye genebank samples

84%

Chwedorzewska K. J. , Bednarek P. T. , Puchalski J. , Krajewski P.

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nr 2A

EN

The aim of these studies was to analyse the genetic changes induced by natural aging during long-term seed storage of rye. For this purpose, the AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique was applied. In the experiment, DNA variation was demonstrated in seven-day-old seedlings of four seed samples of cv. Dankowskie Zlote, showing different levels of viability following long-term storage. Among the 362 AFLP fragments analysed, 73 had significantly different frequencies in at least one of the series. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCA) based on molecular data revealed differences between the progenies of naturally aged seed samples with variable initial viability. It was clearly shown that materials with low viability differed in structure from highly viable ones, and that the population changes exhibited in the first case are preserved through regenerations. Although changes that were observed for initially viable samples were not so significant, they still occurred - probably as a result of genetic shift.

7

Genetic variability of small isolated populations of Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. (Asteraceae) in the Beskid Mały Mts (Southern Poland)

84%

Stachurska-Swakon A. , Cieslak E. , Ronikier M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 2

EN

The populations of Cicerbita alpina in the Beskid Mały Mts. (Western Carpathians, Poland) are the northernmost, spatially isolated localities of this subalpine tall-herb species in the Carpathians. The genetic structure of these populations was studied using the AFLP method. The analysis also included the populations of the larger, more population-abundant parts of the distribution range to the north (Scandinavia) and to the south (the Tatra Mts., Western Carpathians). The genetic similarity of the Beskid Mały populations with those from the Tatra Mts. and Scandinavia was relatively low and the populations formed geographically distinct genetic groups. The populations from the Beskid Mały Mts. Were characterised by lower genetic variation, as well as the lowest degree of genetic differentiation (nie and Shannon’s coefficients), compared with those from the Tatra Mts. and Scandinavia. Our results indicate a relatively long period of isolation of the Beskid Mały Mts. populations; there is no evidence for recent dispersal or extant gene flow with populations from other regions. The differences among the populations also testify to fixation of genes in isolated areas, probably traced back to the founder individuals.

8

Molecular studies on the variability of Polish semi-wild pears [Pyrus] using AFLP

84%

Dolatowski J. , Nowosielski J. , Podyma W. , Szymanska M. , Zych M.

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2004

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tom 12

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nr Spec.ed.2

9

Wykorzystanie metody AFLP do oceny zroznicowania genetycznego miejscowych populacji fasoli zwyczajnej [Phaseolus vulgaris L.], pochodzacych z rejonu Niziny Poludniowopodlaskiej

67%

Nowosielski J. , Bulinska-Radomska Z.

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nr 2

517-525

EN

W pracy oceniono zróżnicowanie genetyczne 28 południowopodlaskich populacji miejscowych Phaseolus vulgaris (fasoli zwyczajnej) zebranych podczas ekspedycji terenowych, przeprowadzonych w ciągu ostatnich 20 lat. Wykonano doświadczenia z zastosowaniem kombinacji 8 starterów EcoRI i 8 starterów Msel, w celu wybrania najlepszych kombinacji starterów do analiz AFLP. Rezultaty badań pozwoliły na wybranie 12 kombinacji starterów generujących największą liczbę polimorficznych prążków na żelach poliakrylamidowych. Otrzymane wyniki rozdziału fragmentów DNA posłużyły do określenia podobieństwa badanych obiektów metodą analizy skupień w oparciu o wartości współczynnika podobieństwa Jaccarda. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały przydatność metody AFLP do odróżnienie poszczególnych populacji Phaseolus vulgaris L. i określenie ich zróżnicowania wewnątrzpopulacyjnego.

PL

The aim of the present research was the determination of AFLP usefulness for the estimation of DNA polymorphism of 28 landraces Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) collected during expeditions conducted on the South Podlaska Lowland during the last 20 years. The experiment with the use of 8 primers EcoRI and 8 primers Msel was performed to select the best primers combinations for AFLP analyses. The results allowed for the selection of 12 such primer combinations, generating the highest number of polymorphic bands on polyacrylamide gels. Based on the results of DNA polymorphism obtained, a matrix of Jaccard similarity coefficient was produced to determine the level of similarity among landraces by the method of cluster analysis. The results obtained revealed, that AFLP method allowed to characterize of the level of polymorphism both between and within landraces of Phaseolas vulgaris L.

10

Genetic and epigenetic variation in a cosmopolitan grass Poa annua from Antarctic and Polish populations

67%

Chwedorzewska K. J. , Bednarek P. T.

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tom 33

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nr 1

11

PCR jako narzędzie do identyfikacji i różnicowania drobnoustrojów

59%

Marciniak M. , Robak M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Biotechnologia

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2012

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tom 11

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nr 2

PL

Bazując na łańcuchowej reakcji polimerazy (PCR), opracowano wiele technik, które są stosowane w kryminalistyce, medycynie, badaniach filogenetycznych oraz do identyfikacji i różnicowania organizmów. Wybór metody do rutynowego stosowania w danym laboratorium nie jest prosty i wymaga zaznajomienia się z wieloma technikami. Chcąc ułatwić wybór metody do analizy drobnoustrojów, w pracy zamieszczono opis i porównanie następujących technik: RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA), PCR- RFLP (PCR-Restriction Fragments Length Polymorphism), RISA (Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis), AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism), Multiplex PCR oraz Real-time PCR. Metody porównano pod względem cech najbardziej użytecznych, jakimi są: zakres stosowania technik, powtarzalność analiz, trudność w wykonaniu oznaczeń, czasochłonność, możliwości automatyzacji badań oraz koszty jednostkowej analizy.

EN

Many techniques used in criminalistics, medical diagnostics, in phylogenetic studies and in organisms identification and differentiation are based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The choice of routine method to be applied routinely in a particular laboratory, is not easy and necessitate the knowledge and understanding of some one. In this paper, to facilitate the choice of the routine method for microorganism identification and differentiation, the detailed description of following methods is presented: RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA), PCR-RFLP (PCR-Restriction Fragments Length Polymorphism), RISA (Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis), AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism), Multiplex PCR and Real-time PCR. The methods were compared by the most useful characteristics such as: application field, analysis repeatability, difficulty degree, analysis duration, automation possibility and cost.

12

Analiza zmienności genetycznej izolatów Cercospora beticola – sprawcy chwościka buraka

51%

Pieczul K. , Piszczek J.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2010

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tom 50

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nr 2

EN

Cercospora leaf spot caused by fungus Cercospora beticola is the most serious foliar disease of sugar beet in Poland. The disease has a large negative impact on yield and quality of crops. A wide range of physiological and morphological diversity of this species was described. For most Cercospora species, including C. beticola sexual stage was not found, despite of determinate two matting types within populations of isolates. The aim of the study was asses genetic diversity of C. beticola isolates collected from sugar beet producing area in Poland during 2007–2008. A genetic study was performed by RAPD methods. They indicate a high level of variability of tested isolates. There was no correlation between RAPD and ISSR profiles of isolates and their origin. The high level of genetic diversity can be connected with increasing of fungicide resistance of C. beticola isolates.