The paper concerns the influence of added rye chromosomes on physical properties of fernels of the addition lines T.aestivum Grana - S.cereale Dankowskie Zlote 1R", 2R", 3RS", 4R", 5R", 6R", and 6RL", as well as initial forms:wheat cv.Grana, rye cv.Dankowskie Zlote and octoploid triticale Grana x Dankowskie Zlote.Kernels from each form were analysed for the following freatures:basic geometric dimensions of kernels, 100 kernel weight and kernel volume: surface roughness, index of kernel damage and mechanical strength (determined by maximum force, force within elasticity limits, maximum deformation, elastic deformation, energy causing deterioration of kernel structure).Wheat lines with added rye chromosomes differed from one another and from the initial form wheat cv Grana in basic geometric dimensons.The lines 6R" and 6RL" had a distinctly higher 100 kernel weight and kernel volume than their initial forms.All the addition lines and octoploid triticale were characterised by markedly higher indices of external damages than the wheat cv.Grana.The mechanical strength of addition line kernels also varied considerably.
Genetic analysis of two rye interline crosses and a set of wheat/rye chromosomal additoin lines was performed to reveal the mechanism underlying wide variation range of alpha-amylase activity in sound grain.THe long arm of chromosome 6R was found to be responsible for increased enzyme synthesiis during late stages of triticale grain maturation.Only nuclear genes seemed to control alpha-amylase activity, as reciprocal crosses between rye lines showed no maternal effects.Low enzyme activity showed complete dominance over high level of its synthesis.Segregation ratios, observed in F2 and BC1 crosses, indicated that recessive alleles at two independent duplicative loci underline intensive alpha-amylase production.
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