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Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848–1918 IX: Soziale Strukturen, 1. Teilband: Von der feudal-agrarischen zur bürgerlich-industriellen Gesellschaft, hrg. von Helmut Rumpler und Peter Urbanitsch, Redaktion Ulrike Harmat (Wien: ÖAW 2010)

100%

Urbanitsch P.

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tom 19

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nr 2

233-241

EN

The map volume 'Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848-1918 IX: Soziale Strukturen, 2. Teilband: Die Gesellschaft der Habsburgermonarchie im Kartenbild. Verwaltungs-, Sozial- und Infrastrukturen. Nach dem Zensus von 1910, bearbeitet von Helmut Rumpler und Martin Seger' (The Habsburg Monarchy 1848-1918 IX: Social structures, Part 2: The Habsburg Monarchy's society reflected in maps. Administrative and social structures, infrastructures. Based on the 1910 census, edited by Helmut Rumpler and Martin Seger) published in spring 2010 provides a sort of snapshot of the social structures in the Habsburg Monarchy on the eve of the First World War. In the introductory part, general structural conditions of the Industrial Revolution are explained, such as the interrelation of technology and social transformation, the role of the education reform, and the rapid construction of an efficient communication system serving the exchange of ideas and goods, and thus the way to a knowledge-based society as a precondition of successful modernization. The central aspect of social transformation is the rapid development of population, which was very different within the Monarchy. A description of the social structures would be incomplete if we failed to take into consideration also the efforts either to integrate the emerging social tensions into system-related ideas, or to accept the social and political challenge and try to ease the social crisis of Modern Era by political negotiations. The spread of nationalism has already been mentioned here. The multiple forms of what is referred to as 'Life Reform' on the one hand and the anti-Semitism on the other provide two totally different responses, quite incomparable in their effects, to the social transformation and to the follow-up problems. Chapter V of the study contains two papers dealing with the socially critical discourses on and the theoretical concepts of solution to the 'social question' in Cisleithania and with their political implementation in Hungary, while in Chapter VI, which is the last one, the statistical foundations of social history of the Habsburg Monarchy are discussed.

2

Die „soziale Frage“ in der Habsburgermonarchie im zeitgenössischen gesellschaftwissenschaftlichen Diskurs

100%

Drobesch W.

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nr 1

1-12

EN

The social question was a substantial aspect of the transformation of the feudal agrarian country into a modern industrial society and of the related dissolution of the patriarchal system of rule and care. Therefore, it cannot be reduced, as is often the case, to mere pauperism and the workers’ question. The social question meant something more and embraced a wide range of facets. From the Great Depression of 1873 at the latest it was apparent that the social conditions constituted a problem concerning the whole society. That means that not only the problems of industry workers, but also those of trade and small business, as well as of agriculture and of the new middle class of white-collar workers were viewed much more than before as parts of the social question. Associated with this was also the discussion on the form of social system. Although the Austrian Empire in July 1914 was still far from being a social state, major steps were taken in that direction by the legislation and government trying to carry through social theoretical postulates. In spite of the fact that their effectiveness was declining under the conditions of permanent political crisis after 1900, the legislation showed that the Austrian Empire, irrespective of the escalating nationalist disputes, was reformable. Eventually, however, all hopes placed by the governments and the forces endeavoring to preserve the state proved false. The vision of national state appeared to be much more attractive to the political protagonists as well as to the political public than the utopia of modern social state.

3

Motivace k sociální adaptaci, akulturaci a obecně kulturnímu vzestupu v českých zemích v 19. a 20. století – k vývoji kvality populace

88%

Matějček J.

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tom 19

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nr 2

15-43

EN

The preponderance of material interests over the social and personal cultivation in the lower and the lower middleclass can be explained by constant material misery of these social groups during the both followed centuries. The standard of living of the whole society increased slowly, but just the lower and the lower middleclass were comprehended by the both world wars and by the 'great crisis' of the thirties: 'common people' prefered material welfare more than social consense and personal perfectness. Social barriers led to difficult receiping of new progressive patterns. The consequence of simple work was simple life of the lower and the lower middleclass and their effort for simple hedonisme. Common egoisme could grew as the consequence of new possibilities done by technical and economical progress.

4

Od prostorové integrace k segregaci a zpět – vztah měst a průmyslu na příkladu Prahy

75%

Kupka J.

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2011

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tom 37

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nr 1

131-151

EN

The relationship between the industry and a town, or specifically the production and housing has gone through dramatic development during the past two centuries. Various tendencies became apparent in the theory and in the urbanistic practice. The integration of functions was apparent in a pre-industrial town at the beginning; this resulted in serious problems and a “collapse” of a traditional town as the industry grew dynamically during the “Gründerzeit“. In response, towns were criticized and effort was made to fully segregate functions. In the second half of the 20th century the schematic application of mono-functional areas was justifiably criticized and “reason-able” integration was required again after the transfer to polyfunctional units and complex solutions to towns.

5

Proměny suburbia: Olomouc – Nová Ulice

75%

Daniel J. , Frajer J. , Klapka P.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

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2010

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tom 36

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nr 1

29-50

EN

The article discusses the transformations of the geographical environment in the modern times, specifically an area in close contact with the important Moravian city of Olomouc. Its objective is to identify and assess crucial moments in the transformation of the structure and function of a selected settlement on the basis of the interdisciplinary approach using a methodological and source apparatus of history and geography. The historical geographical development of an originally autonomous municipality, later on a city and present day Olomouc suburb called Nová Ulice has been affected by both natural processes and political decisions. The impact of these forces often radically changed the face of Nová Ulice.